Barchuq Art Tegin

{{Short description|Ruler of the Qocho}} {{More citations needed|date=September 2007}} '''Barchuq Art Tegin''' ({{zh|t=巴而朮·阿而忒·的斤}}; known also as ''Idikut Baurchuk'', ''Idikut Barchuq'') was a ruler, with a title of Idiqut ("Lord of happiness"), of the Qocho in Beshbalik (near present-day Ürümqi, China), Kara-Khoja (near present-day Turpan, China, known also as ''Idikut''-''Shahri''), Kumul, Kucha and Karasahr between 1208 and 1235. As a result of his policies, Uyghuria joined the Mongol Empire as its fifth Ulus (district) in 1211.

In 1209, Baurchuk sparked a rebellion against the Western Liao dynasty, who had forced the Uyghurs into paying tribute. He killed the Gurkhan's envoy Shaukam and sent an embassy to Genghis Khan, asking for his help. The Mongol ruler accepted Baurchuk's deputation and pledged his support.

During the following year or two, Baurchuk mounted military expeditions against ''Naimans'' and killed four sons of their ruler Tayang Khan. After this show of loyalty to Genghis Khan, he was received by the latter in modern-day Mongolia (1211), married his daughter Altun Begi and was declared by Genghis Khan to be his fifth son, after Jochi, Chagatay, Ögedei and Tolui.<ref>History of Yuan, composed in 1370 by the Bureau of History of the Ming dynasty, volume 122 contains biography of Baurchuk Art Tekin.</ref>

In September 1219, Baurchuk joined Genghis Khan in an attack against the Khwarezmian Empire, personally commanding a ''tuman'' (10,000 soldiers) and taking part in the siege of Otrar and Nishapur<ref>Kadyrbaev A.S. Uyghurs in the empire of Genghis Khan and his successors in the XIII-XIV centuries // Written monuments and problems of the history of culture of the peoples of the East, 16th annual scientific session of the Leningrad Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences (reports and communications) February 1981 Part I.Publishing house "Nauka" Main editorial office of Eastern literature. - Moscow, 1982. P. 26-31.</ref> (razed to ground by Mongols). In the spring of 1226, he took an active part in the two-year Mongol expedition against the Western Xia led by Genghis Khan himself and completed in almost full annihilation of the Tangut people, who were declared to be responsible for Genghis Khan's death under the walls of besieged Tangut capital,<ref>Present Yinchuan- the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of People's Republic of China</ref> in September, 1227. Baurchuk's participation in the expedition for destruction of the Tangut state was motivated not only by his obligations as ally of the Mongols, but also by the enmity that existed between the Tanguts and the Uyghurs since the destruction of the Buddhist/Manichaean Uyghur Kingdom in Gansu (848–1036) two centuries before, during the Uyghur-Tangut war of 1028–1036, followed by mass killings of its inhabitants. The population of the Western Xia was reduced from around 3,000,000 people to less than one hundred thousand, which eventually had been assimilated by other ethnic groups, mostly of Mongolic, Turkic and Tibetan origins.

The present Tungan (Hui) people of autonomous Ningxia region can be considered as descendants of the Tangut people. The name ''Ningxia'' in Chinese means "Tranquillized or Quelled Xia".

== Descendants of Baurchuk == *'''{{ill|Üsen temür|zh|月兒帖木兒|ja|ヨスン・テムル}}'''（月仙帖木兒/yuèxiān tièmùér） **'''Barǰuq art tigin'''（巴而朮阿而忒的斤/bāérzhú āértè dejīn, بارجق/bārjūq）(1209-1235) ***'''{{ill|Kišmain|zh|乞失马因|ja|ケスメズ}}'''（کیشماین/kīshmāīn）(1235-1245) ***'''{{ill|Salandi|zh|萨仑·的斤|ja|サランディ・テギン}}'''（سالندی/sālandī）(1245-1255) ***'''{{ill|Ögrünč tigin|zh|玉古伦赤·的斤|ja|オグルンチ・テギン}}'''（玉古倫赤的斤/yùgǔlúnchì dejīn, اوکنج/ūknchī）(1255-1257) ****'''{{ill|Mamuraq tigin|zh|马木剌·的斤|ja|マムラク・テギン}}'''（馬木剌的斤/mǎmùlà dejīn）(1257-1266) *****'''{{ill|Qočqar or Khochqar tigin|zh|火赤哈儿·的斤|ja|コチカル・テギン}}'''（火赤哈兒的斤/huǒchìhāér dejīn）(1266-1276) ******'''{{ill|Nigürin tigin|zh|紐林·的斤|ja|ネウリン・テギン}}'''（紐林的斤/niǔlín dejīn）(1276-1318) *******'''{{ill|Temür buqa|zh|帖睦爾普化|ja|テムル・ブカ (高昌王)}}'''（帖睦爾普化/tièmùěr pǔhuà）?-1327) ********'''{{ill|Budaširi|zh|不答失里}}'''（不答失里/bùdáshīlǐ）? *********Qošang（和賞/héshǎng）? *******'''{{ill|Sengki tigin|zh|籛吉|ja|センキ・テギン}}'''（籛吉/jiānjí）(?-1331) *******'''{{ill|Taypinu tigin|zh|太平奴|ja|タイピヌ・テギン}}'''（太平奴/tàipíngnú）(1331-1335) *******？'''{{ill|Ürük temür or Chin Temur|zh|月鲁帖木儿 (高昌王)|ja|オルク・テムル (高昌王)}}'''（月魯帖木兒/yuèlǔ tièmùér）……Father is unknown.(1335-1353) ********Sangga（桑哥/sānggē）? ******Qipčaqtai（欽察台/qīnchátái）? ******Il yïγmïš begi（也立亦黒迷失別吉/yělì yìhēimíshī biéjí）? ******Sösök tigin（雪雪的斤/xuěxuě dejīn）? *******Dorǰi tigin（朵兒的斤/duǒér dejīn）? ********'''{{ill|Bayan buqa tigin|ja|バヤン・ブカ・テギン}}'''（伯顏不花的斤/bǎiyán bùhuā dejīn）? <ref>Louis Hambis (1954). Le chapitre CVIII du Yuan che : les fiefs attribués aux membres de la famille impériale et aux ministres de la cour mongole d'après l'histoire chinoise officielle de la dynastie mongole. Monographies du Tʿoung pao, v. 3. Tableau11, généalogie de ouigours et les gengiskhanides</ref>

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==References== *Brose, Michael C. ''Subjects and Masters: Uyghurs in the Mongol Empire'' Bellingham, WA: Western Washington University Center for East Asian Studies, 2007. *Kutlukov, M. "Mongol Rule in Eastern Turkestan". Moscow, Nauka, 1970.

Category:Uyghur people Category:Generals of the Mongol Empire Category:13th-century monarchs in Asia