{{Short description|Clan of the Quraysh tribe and clan of Muhammad}} {{more footnotes needed|date=April 2013}} {{Infobox tribe | name = Banu Hashim | natives_name = ({{langx|ar|بنو هاشم}}) | type = Quraysh, Adnanites | image = Name of Banu Hashim.png | alt = Calligraphy of the family name in Arabic | caption = Arabic calligraphy of the Tribe's name | nisba = al-Hashimi | location = Arabia | descended = Hashim ibn Abd Manaf | parent_tribe = Quraysh | branches = * Alids ** Hasanids ** Husaynids
* Ja'farites * Aqilites * Abbasids | religion = Islam | ethnicity = Arab | language = Arabic }} {{Muhammad}}
'''Banu Hashim''' ({{langx|ar|بنو هاشم|Banū Hāshim}}) is an Ancient Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf.
Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as '''Hashimites''' and often carry the surname {{transliteration|ar|al-Hāshimī}}.
These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, hold the traditional title of {{transliteration|ar|Sharīf}} (often synonymous to {{transliteration|ar|Sayyid}}).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Van Arendonk|first1=C.|last2=Graham|first2=W.A.|date=1960–2007|title=Sharīf|editor1-last=Bearman|editor1-first=P. J.|editor1-link=P. J. Bearman|editor2-last=Bianquis|editor2-first=Th.|editor3-last= Bosworth|editor3-first=C. E.|editor3-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|editor4-last=van Donzel|editor4-first=E.|editor5-last=Heinrichs|editor5-first=W. P.|editor5-link=W. P. Heinrichs|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sharif-COM_1041}}</ref>
From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule.<ref>{{harvnb|Van Arendonk|Graham|1960–2007}}.</ref> Some of the most famous Islamic dynasties of Hashimid descent include the Abbasids (ruled from Baghdad 750–945; held the caliphate without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in Cairo), the Fatimids (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171), the 'Alawi (rulers of Morocco, 1631–present), and the Hashemites (rulers of Jordan, 1921–present).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Routledge |first=Bruce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SBWmAwOJI2UC |title=Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology |date=2004-07-26 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-3801-3 |pages=236 |language=en}}</ref>
==History== Traditionally, the tribe is named after Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. He was married to Salma bint Amr of the Banu Najjar, an Azdi clan.<ref>al-Tabari, Abu Jafar. ''The History of al-Tabari Vol. 6: Muhammad at Mecca''. p. 125.</ref><ref>The Agrarian System of Islam Muḥammad Taqī Amīnī Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1991</ref>
Amongst pre-Islamic Arabs, people classified themselves according to their tribe, their clan, and then their house/family. There were two major tribal kinds: the Adnanites (descended from Adnan, traditional ancestor of the Arabs of northern, central and western Arabia) and the Qahtanites (originating from Qahtan, the traditional ancestor of the Arabs of southern and south eastern Arabia).<ref name=gen>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O69zjVnjL10C&pg=PA72 |title=Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis|author=Reuven Firestone|date=1990|page=72|publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=9780791403310}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ibn García's Shuʻūbiyya Letter: Ethnic and Theological Tensions in Medieval al-Andalus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJ8EpN0232IC&pg=PA170 |author=Göran Larsson|date=2003|page=170| publisher=BRILL |isbn = 9004127402}}</ref> Banu Hashim is one of the clans of the Quraysh tribe,<ref>{{cite book|last=Al-Mubarakpuri|first=Safi-ur-Rahman|title=The Sealed Nectar (Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum)|year=2002|publisher=Darussalam|page=30|isbn=1591440718}}</ref> and is an Adnanite tribe. It derives its name from Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the great-grandfather of Muhammad, and along with the Banu Abd-Shams, Banu Al-Muttalib, and Banu Nawfal clans comprises the Banu Abd al-Manaf section of the Quraysh.
== Dynasties and Tribes == The following Royal, Imperial dynasties and Tribes claim descent from Hashim: '''''Arabia''''' * Hashemite Dynasty (through Qatadah ibn Idris){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}} * Abbasid dynasty of the Abbasid Caliphate (through Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib){{sfn|Hoiberg|2010|p=10}} * Abbasid Caliphs of Cairo, the ceremonial Heads of State of Mamluk Sultanate from 1261 to 1517. (descendant of Abu al-Abbas Ahmad al-Hakim) *Abbasid Emirate of Bahdinan (through Baha Al-Din, descendant of last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad al-Musta'sim)<ref>{{cite web | title=إمارة بهدينان العباسية | url=https://archive.org/details/SKMC224e18082711500_201808 }}</ref> * Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Caliphate including the later Agha Khans. (through Ismail ibn Jafar){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA238 238]}} *Rassid Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Al-Hassan al-Muthanna){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 235]}} * Mutawakkilite Dynasty of Yemen (through Ibrahim al Jamr bin Al-Hassan al-Muthanna as cadets of the Rassid Dynasty){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 235]}} * Ba 'Alawi family of Yemen (through Ahmad al-Muhajir) * Gilani Family of Iraq and the Levant (through Abdul Qadir Gilani) <ref>https://www.marefa.org/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9)#cite_note-2</ref> '''''Africa''''' * 'Alawi dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya ibn Abdullah al-Kamil){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}} * Sa'di dynasty of Morocco (through Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya ibn Abdullah al-Kamil){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}} * Fatimid Dynasty of the Fatimid Caliphate.{{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA238 238]}} * Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (through Idris ibn Abdullah al-Kamil){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA235 235]}} * Senussi Dynasty of Libya (through Idris ibn Abdullah as cadets of the Idrisid Dynasty) * Ja’alin of Sudan (through Ibrahim Ja’al, an Abbasid noble and descendant of Al Abbas) * Ishaqi family (through Shaykh Ishaaq ibn Ahmad ar-Ridawi)<ref name="Lewisapd">I. M. Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy: a study of pastoralism and politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa'', (LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), p. 157.</ref> **Tolje'lo Dynasty of the Isaaq kingdom **Guled Dynasty of the Isaaq Sultanate ** Ainanshe Dynasty of the Habr Yunis Sultanate * Darod (Jabarti) Family (through Abdirahman ibn Isma'il Al-Jeberti) ** Gerad Dynasty of the Warsangali Sultanate ** Majeerteen Dynasty of the Majeerteen Sultanate ** Bah Yaqub Dynasty of the Hobyo Sultanate ** Ogaden Dynasty of the Ogaden Sultanate *Walashma dynasty of the Ifat Sultanate and Adal Sultanate (through Aqil ibn Abi Talib) *Asharaf clan of Somalia's Benadiri region (through Ali ibn Abi Talib's children Al-Hasan & Al-Hussein)
'''''Indo-Persia''''' * Alids of Tabaristan (through Zayd bin Hassan al Muthana) * Zaydi Dynasty of Tabaristan (through Zayd ibn Ali){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA236 236]}} * Barha Dynasty Including the later Nawabs of Samballhera (through Zayd ibn Ali)<ref>{{cite book |author=Abul Fazl |title=The Āʼīn-i Akbarī |publisher=Sang-e-Meel Publications |isbn=9693515307 |edition=2nd|year=2004 }}</ref> * The Agha Khans (Through Ismail ibn Jafar as cadets of the Fatimid Dynasty){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA237 237]}} *<!--Mirs of Rajhat-->Mirs of Rajhat (Through Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin)<ref>{{cite book |author=Abu Huraira Virasat Rasul|title=Ashraf Al Ansab |publisher=Karachi Publications }}</ref> * Sabzwari Dynasty (through Ali al Reza)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Shah Nawaz |title=Maasir al Umara |date=1952 |publisher=Calcutta Oriental Press |location=Calcutta |pages=259–262}}</ref> * Najafi Dynasty of Bengal. Including the later Nawabs of Murshidabad and the Tabatabai family of Iran (through Ibrahim Tabataba ibn Ismail al Dibaj)
'''''Southeast Asia''''' * Sultans of Siak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA233 233]}} * Bendahara Dynasty of Pahang and Terengannu (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai) * Bolkiah Dynasty of Brunei (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai) * Jamal al layl dynasty of Perak and Perlis (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai) * Sultans of Pontianak (through Ahmad al Muhajir as cadets of the Ba alawai){{sfn|Vachon|Boudreau|Cogné|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA233 233]}} * House of Temenggong of Johor (as cadet branches of Bendahara Dynasty)
'''''Europe''''' * Hummudid Dynasty (through Idris ibn Abdullah)
==Family tree== <br /> {{tree chart/start|style=font-size:95%;line-height:100%;|align=center}} {{tree chart| KiM |y| FbS | KiM='''Kilab ibn Murrah'''|FbS='''Fatimah bint Sa'd'''}} {{tree chart| |,|-|^|-|.| }} {{tree chart| ZiK | | QiK |y| HbH | ZiK='''Zuhrah ibn Kilab'''<br /> (progenitor of Banu Zuhrah)<br /> maternal great-great-grandfather|QiK='''Qusai ibn Kilab'''<br /> paternal great-great-great-grandfather|HbH='''Hubba bint Hulail'''<br /> paternal great-great-great-grandmother}} {{tree chart| |!| | | | | |!| }} {{tree chart| AMZ | | | | AMQ |y| AbM | AMZ='''`Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah'''<br /> maternal great-grandfather|AMQ='''`Abd Manaf ibn Qusai'''<br /> paternal great-great-grandfather|AbM='''Atikah bint Murrah'''<br /> paternal great-great-grandmother}} {{tree chart| |!| | | | | | | |!| }} {{tree chart| WiA | | | | | | HiA |y| SbA | WiA='''Wahb ibn `Abd Manaf'''<br /> maternal grandfather|HiA='''Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf'''<br /> (progenitor of Banu Hashim)<br /> paternal great-grandfather|SbA='''Salma bint `Amr'''<br /> paternal great-grandmother}} {{tree chart| |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }} {{tree chart| |!| | | FbA |y|~|~| AuM |~|~|~|~|y| HbW | FbA='''Fatimah bint `Amr'''<br /> paternal grandmother|AuM='''`Abdul-Muttalib'''<br /> paternal grandfather|HbW=Halah bint Wuhayb<br /> paternal step-grandmother}} {{tree chart| |!| | | |,|-|+|-|.| |)|-|.| | | |!| }} {{tree chart| Ami |y| AiA |!| AZi |!| Har | | Ham | | Ami='''Aminah'''<br /> mother|AiA='''`Abdullah'''<br /> father|AZi=Az-Zubayr<br /> paternal uncle|Har=Harith<br /> paternal half-uncle|Ham=Hamza<br /> paternal half-uncle}} {{tree chart| | | |!| | | |`|-|.| |`|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }} {{tree chart| Thu |!| Hal | | ATi | | AAi | | ALa | | oth | Thu=Thuwaybah<br /> first nurse|Hal=Halimah<br /> second nurse|ATi=Abu Talib<br /> paternal uncle|AAi=`Abbas<br /> paternal half-uncle|ALa=Abu Lahab<br /> paternal half-uncle|oth=''6 other sons<br />and 6 daughters''}} {{tree chart| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |!| }} {{tree chart|F|~| Muh |y| KbK |!| | | AAA | Muh='''Muhammad'''|KbK=Khadija<br /> first wife|AAA=`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas<br /> paternal cousin}} {{tree chart|:| | | | |)|.| | |!| | | |,|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }} {{tree chart|:|,|-| Fat |t|~| Ali | | |!| | QiM | | AiM | Fat='''Fatimah'''<br /> daughter|Ali=Ali<br /> paternal cousin and son-in-law <br />family tree, descendants|QiM='''Qasim'''<br /> son|AiM='''`Abd-Allah'''<br /> son}} {{tree chart|:|!| | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| }} {{tree chart|:|!| | | | ZbM | | RbM |y| UbA |~| UKM | | ZiH | ZbM='''Zainab'''<br /> daughter|RbM='''Ruqayyah'''<br /> daughter|UbA=Uthman<br /> son-in-law<br />family tree|UKM='''Umm Kulthum'''<br /> daughter|ZiH=Zayd<br /> adopted son}} {{tree chart|:|!| | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }} {{tree chart|:|!| | AiZ | | UbZ | | AAU | | | | RbZ |7| UiZ | AiZ='''Ali ibn Zainab'''<br /> grandson|UbZ='''Umamah bint Zainab'''<br /> granddaughter|AAU='''`Abd-Allah ibn Uthman'''<br /> grandson|RbZ=Rayhana<br /> (marriage disputed)|UiZ=Usama ibn Zayd<br /> adoptive grandson}} {{tree chart|:|`|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |:| }} {{tree chart|:| MiA | | Has | | Hus | | UKA | | ZbA |D| SbH | MiA='''Muhsin ibn Ali'''<br /> grandson|Has='''Hasan ibn Ali'''<br /> grandson|Hus='''Husayn ibn Ali'''<br /> grandson<br />family tree|UKA='''Umm Kulthum bint Ali'''<br /> granddaughter|ZbA='''Zaynab bint Ali'''<br /> granddaughter|SbH=Safiyya<br /> tenth / eleventh wife*}} {{tree chart|D|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|C| }} {{tree chart|:| AbB |D| SbZ |:| Uma |D| USa |D| JbH |D| MbH | AbB=Abu Bakr <br /> father-in-law<br />family tree|SbZ=Sawda<br /> second / third wife*| Uma=Umar<br /> father-in-law<br />family tree|USa=Umm Salama<br /> sixth wife|JbH=Juwayriya<br /> eighth wife|MbH=Maymuna<br /> eleventh / twelfth wife*}} {{tree chart|:| |!| |:| | | |:| |!| |:| | | |:| | | |:| }} {{tree chart|L| Ais |L| ZbK |L| HbU |L| ZbJ |L| RbA |L| MaQ | Ais=Aisha<br /> second / third wife<br />Family tree|ZbK=Zaynab<br /> fifth wife|HbU=Hafsa<br /> fourth wife|ZbJ=Zaynab<br /> seventh wife|RbA=Umm Habiba<br /> ninth wife|MaQ=Maria al-Qibtiyya }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }} {{tree chart| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | IiM | IiM='''Ibrahim'''<br /> son}} {{tree chart/end}}
* Note that direct lineage is marked in '''bold'''.
==See also== *Non-Muslims who interacted with Muslims during Muhammad's era *Abbasid caliphs *Abbasid architecture *Hashmi *Sayyid *Dhund (tribe) *Awan (tribe) *Husseini *Banu Umayya *Umayyad dynasty *Umayyad Caliphate *Abbasid Caliphate *Family tree of Muhammad *Quraysh
==References== {{Reflist}}
===Sources=== * {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Hoiberg |editor-first=Dale H. |title=Abbasid Dynasty |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |edition=15th |year=2010 |volume=I: A-Ak – Bayes |location=Chicago, IL |isbn=978-1-59339-837-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency }} * {{cite book |last1=Vachon |first1=Auguste |last2=Boudreau |first2=Claire |last3=Cogné |first3=Daniel |title=Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996 |date=1998 |publisher=University of Ottawa Press |isbn=978-0-7766-1600-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IW-kDAAAQBAJ |language=en }}
==External links== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090523041524/http://baalawi.ning.com/ Ba'Alawi (Al Husayni Al Hashimi Al Qurayshi) Sadah of Hadhramaut] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110610064624/http://www.al-islam.org/restatement/4.htm Banu Hashim – Before the Birth of Islam] *[https://bani-alabbas.com/ Genealogy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126085840/http://bani-alabbas.com/ |date=2021-11-26 }} of the Hashemite Banu Abbas.
{{Characters and names in the Quran}} {{Clans of Quraysh}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hashim}} Category:Banu Hashim Category:Tribes of Arabia Category:Family of Muhammad Category:Sunni Islam Category:Quraysh