Bampur

{{Short description|City in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran}} {{for|the administrative division of Sistan and Baluchestan province|Bampur County}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox settlement |name = Bampur |native_name = {{langx|fa|بمپور}} |native_name_lang = fa |settlement_type = City |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_alt = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_alt = |image_seal = |seal_alt = |image_shield = |shield_alt = |etymology = |nickname = |motto = |image_map = |map_alt = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Iran |pushpin_map_alt = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_label_position = |coordinates = {{Coord|27|11|42|N|60|27|17|E|dim:1km|display=inline,title}} |coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=27.195&mlon=60.454722&zoom=15#map=15/27.19500/60.45472|website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Bampur, Bampur County|date=8 January 2025|access-date=8 January 2025|lang=fa}}</ref> |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[Iran]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Sistan and Baluchestan province|Sistan and Baluchestan]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Bampur County|Bampur]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh (administrative division)|District]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Bampur County)|Central]] |established_title = |established_date = |founder = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |unit_pref = Metric   |area_footnotes =  |area_total_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 Sistan and Baluchestan Province"/> |population_as_of = 2016 |population_total = 12217 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |population_demonym = |timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]] |utc_offset = +3:30 |postal_code = |area_code = |website =  |module = |footnotes = }}

'''Bampur''' ({{langx|bal|بُنپور}} and {{langx|fa|بمپور}}){{efn|Also [[romanize]]d as '''Bampoor''' and '''Bampūr'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3055057}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Bampur County)|Central District]] of [[Bampur County]], [[Sistan and Baluchestan province|Sistan and Baluchestan]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Bampur County Establishment">{{cite report|title=Letter of approval regarding reforms and divisional changes in Sistan and Baluchestan province|language=fa|website=qavanin.ir|via=Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran|url=https://www.qavanin.ir/Law/PrintText/263257|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407132918/https://www.qavanin.ir/Law/PrintText/263257|last=Jahangiri|first=Ishaq|archive-date=7 April 2023|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers|date=c. 2023|orig-date=Approved 13 August 1397|id=Proposal 163101|access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref>

==History== The old citadel of Bampur, on a hill about {{convert|100|ft|m}} high {{convert|3|mi|km}} north of the river, fell into ruins. A new fort called Kalah Nasseri, was built at Pahrah, which is known as [[Iranshahr (city)|Iranshahr]], {{convert|15|mi|km}} further east, in the 1880s.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Fahraj, which in 1911 had a population of about 2,500, has become more important than Bampur. Fahraj, which is also known as [[Pahura]] (or Paharu or Puhra), is by some identified as the Poura where [[Alexander the Great]] halted on his march from the [[Indus Valley]].<ref>Others are more in favour of another Fahraj near Bam, or even of Bampūr itself as the halting place of Alexander the Great {{harv|Chisholm|1911}}.</ref>

It was Historically ruled by [[Rakhshani (tribe)|Rakshani]] Baluchs of Iran Under Their Ruler, Shah Mihrab Khan, had led our several campaigns against [[Persians]] laid waste into the lands, particularly [[Luristan]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QNEoAAAAYAAJ | title=Gazetteer of Persia | date=1892 }}</ref>

==Demographics== === Language and ethnicity=== The majority of the population are ethnic [[Baloch people|Baloch]] who speak the [[Balochi language|Balochi]] language.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

===Population=== At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 9,073 in 1,664 households,<ref name="2006 Sistan and Baluchestan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Sistan and Baluchestan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/11.xls|access-date=25 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920083538/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/11.xls|format=Excel|archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> when it was capital of the former [[Bampur District]]<ref name="Sistan and Baluchestan Province Structure">{{cite report|title=Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Sistan and Baluchestan province, centered in the city of Zahedan|language=fa|website=rc.majlis.ir|via=Research Center of the System of Laws of the Islamic Council of the Farabi Library of Mobile Users|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113038|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724212413/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113038|archive-date=24 July 2013|publisher=Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board|last=Habibi|first=Hassan|date=5 March 2013|orig-date=Approved 21 June 1369|id=Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 82822/T129|access-date=29 December 2023}}</ref> of [[Iranshahr County]]. The following census in 2011 counted 10,071 people in 2,426 households.<ref name="2011 Sistan and Baluchestan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Sistan and Baluchestan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=irandataportal.syr.edu|via=Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Sistan-and-Baluchestan.xls|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125114706/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Sistan-and-Baluchestan.xls|archive-date=25 November 2022|access-date=19 December 2022|format=Excel}}</ref> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 12,217 people in 3,123 households.<ref name="2016 Sistan and Baluchestan Province">{{cite report|title=Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Sistan and Baluchestan Province|language=fa|publisher=The Statistical Center of Iran|website=amar.org.ir|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_11.xlsx|access-date=19 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223104011/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_11.xlsx|format=Excel|archive-date=23 December 2021}}</ref>

In 2017, the district was separated from the county in the establishment of Bampur County, and Bampur was transferred to the new Central District as the county's capital.<ref name="Bampur County Establishment"/>

==Geography== It is located {{convert|330|mi|km}} south-east of [[Kerman]] at an elevation of {{convert|1720|ft|m}} In 1911 its population was about 2,000 and it was the capital of the province. It is situated on the banks of the [[Bampur River|Bampur river]] which flows from east to west and empties itself about {{convert|70| mi|km}} west into a ''[[hamun]]'', or [[Depression (geology)|depression]], {{convert|50|mi|km}} in length, and called [[Jaz Murian]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Bampūr|volume=3|page=305}}</ref>

==Archaeology== Bampur is an important site in relation to the ancient [[Helmand Province#Helmand culture|Helmand culture]] of western Afghanistan, and to the closely related [[Jiroft culture]] of eastern Iran.<ref>Jarrige, J.-F., [[Aurore Didier|Didier, A.]] & Quivron, G. (2011) [https://www.academia.edu/4602453 Shahr-i Sokhta and the Chronology of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands.] Paléorient 37 (2) : 7-34 academia.edu</ref>

The position of Bampur is near a river and major routes. Thus, prehistoric and later settlements were founded in the area. Sir [[Aurel Stein]] carried out reconnaissance here in 1932. In 1966, [[Beatrice de Cardi]] excavated next, and she established that there were six successive occupational phases (Periods I-VI) at the site.<ref name="BAMPŪR">B. de Cardi, [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bampur BAMPŪR] iranicaonline.org</ref>

There were links with major sites such as [[Shahr-e Sukhteh|Shahr-i Sokhta]] in Iran, and [[Mundigak]].<ref>M. Tosi, "Excavations at Shahr-i Sokhta, a Chalcolithic Settlement in the Iranian Sistan: Preliminary Report on the First Campaign, October–December 1967," East and West, N.S. 18/1-2, 1968, pp. 9-66</ref>

During the Period I of Shahr-e Sukhteh (3200–2800 BCE), there were already close connections between that city and the Bampur valley. These contacts also continued in the Period II of Shahr-e Sukhteh.<ref>Pierfrancesco Callieri, Bruno Genito (2012), [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/italy-vi-italian-excavations-in-iran-2 ITALIAN EXCAVATIONS IN IRAN] www.iranicaonline.org</ref>

New ceramics appeared at the end of Period IV, suggesting contact with Iran, [[Makran]], and [[Oman]]. Ceramics similar to Shahr-i Sokhta IV (ca. 2200-1800 b.c.) style were introduced in Periods V-VI.<ref name="BAMPŪR"/>

There are also links with [[Umm an-Nar]] culture of Oman, dating possibly to the last quarter of the 3rd millennium.

[[Tepe Yahya]] in [[Kerman province]], Iran, is another important site that may be related.

==See also== {{clear}}

== Notes == {{notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Populated places in Bampur County]] [[Category:Helmand culture]] [[Category:Jiroft culture]] [[Category:Cities in Sistan and Baluchestan province]]