Baiera

{{Short description|Extinct genus of seed plants in the family Ginkgoaceae}} {{Distinguish|text=two unaccepted genera with a similar name, Baeria}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = ''Baiera'' | image = Baiera gracilis.jpg | image_caption = ''Baiera gracilis'' fossil | taxon = Baiera | authority = {{ill|Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun|de|lt=Braun}}, 1843 | fossil_range = {{fossil range|298.9|94.3|PS=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=288241|title=Fossilworks: Baiera|website=fossilworks.org}}</ref>}} Permian–Cretaceous | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = †''Baiera africana'' †''Baiera bidens'' †''Baiera darleyensis'' †''Baiera digitata'' †''Baiera gracilis'' †''Baiera mansfeldensis'' {{extinct}}''Baiera muensteriana'' }}

'''''Baiera''''' is a genus of prehistoric gymnosperms in the order Ginkgoales.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=288241|title=Fossilworks: Baiera|website=fossilworks.org|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref> It is one of the oldest fossil foliage types of Ginkgoales,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=2019-09-01|title=Cuticle ultrastructure of Baiera furcata from Northeast China and its implication in taxonomy and paleoenvironment|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666719300077|journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology|language=en|volume=268|pages=95–108|doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.05.006|issn=0034-6667|last1=Guignard|first1=Gaëtan|last2=Yang|first2=Xiao-Ju|last3=Wang|first3=Yong-Dong|bibcode=2019RPaPa.268...95G |s2cid=199103806 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> and is related to the genera ''Ginkgo'' and ''Ginkgoites''. Fossils of ''Baiera'' are found worldwide, and have been known from the Permian to the Cretaceous.

== Description == thumb|Artist's reconstruction of ''Baiera''. ''Baiera'' species are characterized by fan-shaped leaves,<ref name=":0">Pott, Christian & Burgh, J. & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Johanna. (2016). New Ginkgophytes from the Upper Triassic–Lower Cretaceous of Spitsbergen and Edgeøya (Svalbard, Arctic Norway): The History of Ginkgoales on Svalbard. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 177. 175-197. 10.1086/684194.</ref> are deeply lobed into four segments,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ginkgophyte {{!}} plant division|language=en|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/ginkgophyte#ref411068|access-date=2018-02-03}}</ref> deeply incised into slender segments,<ref name=":0" /> and are distinguished from ''Sphenobaiera'' by a petiole.<ref name=":0" />

''B. africana'' is characterized by its symmetrical and triangular leaves.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barboni|first1=Ronaldo|last2=Dutra|first2=Tânia Lindner|date=November 2015|title=First record of ''Ginkgo''-related fertile organs (''Hamshawvia'', ''Stachyopitys'') and leaves (''Baiera'', ''Sphenobaiera'') in the Triassic of Brazil, Santa Maria formation |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=63|pages=417–435|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2015.08.001 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2015JSAES..63..417B }}</ref>

== Classification == Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun first introduced the name ''Baiera'' in 1843 to refer to fossils in Germany that he interpreted as ginkgophytes.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Bauer|first1=K.|last2=Kustatscher|first2=E.|last3=Krings|first3=M.|date=2013|title=The ginkgophytes from the German Kupferschiefer (Permian), with considerations on the taxonomic history and use of Baiera and Sphenobaiera|url=https://core.ac.uk/display/194458482?recSetID=|journal=Bulletin of Geosciences|pages=539–556|language=en-gb|doi=10.3140/bull.geosci.1394|via=Core|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 1936, Carl Rudolf Florin used ''Baiera'' to refer to leaves with a distinct stalk or petiole and with a semicircular or triangular shape.<ref name=":3" />

=== Placement of ''Baiera'' === Gerd Dietl and Günter Schweigert (2011) place ''Baiera'' in the family Ginkgoaceae,<ref name=":2" /> while a 2015 classification by Andriy Novikoff and Beata Barabasz-Krasny places it in the Karkeniaceae.<ref>{{Cite web|title=IRMNG - Baiera C.F.W. Braun, 1843 †|url=https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1314580|access-date=2021-05-09|website=www.irmng.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Novikoff|first1=Andrew|url=http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164|title=Modern plant systematics|last2=Barabasz-Krasny|first2=Beata|date=2015|publisher=Liga-Pres|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.4745.6164}}</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}}

Category:Ginkgophyta Category:Prehistoric gymnosperm genera Category:Fossil taxa described in 1843