{{Short description|Volcano in the Philippines}} {{Use mdy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox mountain | name = Babuyan Claro Volcano | other_name = Mount Pangasun | etymology = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | translation = | pronunciation = | image = File:Babuyan islands en.png | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | elevation_m = 1007 | elevation_ref = <ref name=phivolcs/> | prominence_m = 1007 | prominence_ref = | isolation_km = | isolation_ref = | parent_peak = | range = | listing = {{nowrap|Active volcanoes in the Philippines}} <!------- LOCATION --> | location = <!-- Babuyan Island --> | country = Philippines | state_type = Region | state = Cagayan Valley | region_type = Province | region = Cagayan | settlement_type = City/municipality | settlement = Calayan <!-- LOCATION ends --> | map = Luzon#Philippines | map_image = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_relief = | map_size = | label = Babuyan Claro | label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|19|31|24|N|121|56|24|E|type:mountain_region:PH_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = <ref name=gvp>{{cite gvp|vn=274030|name=Babuyan Claro|access-date=December 30, 2009}}</ref> | topo = | type = Stratovolcano | age = 2.32+/-0.35 Ma – 1480+/-50 B.P | geology = | volcanic_arc = Luzon Volcanic Arc | volcanic_field = | last_eruption = 1924 | first_ascent = | easiest_route = | normal_route = | access = | child = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-wikidata = yes }}
'''Babuyan Claro Volcano''', also known as '''Mount Pangasun''', is an active volcano located on Babuyan Island, the northernmost of the Babuyan group of islands in Luzon Strait, north of the main island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is classified as one of the active volcanoes of the country with the last confirmed eruption in 1860.<ref name="gvp"/>[[File: Smith Volcano 1.jpg|thumb|Babuyan Claro in the background and Smith Volcano foreground.]]
The volcano is politically located in the similarly-named Barangay of Babuyan Claro, in the Municipality of Calayan, Cagayan province, in the Cagayan Valley Region (Region II) of the country.
==Physical features== Babuyan Claro is a stratovolcano with an elevation of {{convert|843|m|sp=us}} and a base diameter of about {{convert|8|km|sp=us}} located in the center of Babuyan Island (also referred to as Babuyan Claro Island).<ref name=phivolcs/><ref>Base diameter measured using Google Earth as the data at PHIVOLCS is incorrect at {{convert|0.820|m|sp=us}}.</ref> It has four morphologically-fresh volcanic edifices: Mt. Cayonan in the south, Mt. Naydi and Mt. Dionisio in the southeast. Babuyan Claro has two very well-preserved craters {{convert|300|and|400|m|sp=us}} in diameter.<ref name=gvp/>
The Askedna Hot Spring is located at the southern basal slope of Babuyan Claro. It has a temperature range of {{convert|44.6|to|50.2|C|F|sp=us}}. The water is slightly acidic and the silica content is relatively high since the spring flows directly from lava flow deposits. The spring water can be classified as near-neutral sodium chloride brine.<ref name=phivolcs/>
==Eruptions== Babuyan Claro has one confirmed historical eruption: in 1860. Eruptions on Babuyan Claro is determined as probably strombolian or phreatomagmatic by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology.<ref name=phivolcs>{{cite web | url=http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/html/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/babuyanclaro.htm | work=Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) | title=Babuyan Claro | access-date=December 26, 2013 | archive-date=December 30, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233656/http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/html/update_VMEPD/Volcano/VolcanoList/babuyanclaro.htm }}</ref>
Three eruptions were originally attributed to Babuyan Claro: in 1813, 1913, and 1917. Later research concluded there was no 1831 eruption at Babuyan Claro; changes in climate of that year were reattributed to an eruption of Zavaritski Caldera.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hutchison|first1=William|last2=Sugden|first2=Patrick|last3=Burke|first3=Andrea|last4=Abbott|first4=Peter|last5=Ponomareva|first5=Vera V.|last6=Dirksen|first6=Oleg|last7=Portnyagin|first7=Maxim V.|last8=MacInnes|first8=Breanyn|last9=Bourgeois|first9=Joanne |last10=Fitzhugh |first10=Ben|last11=Verkerk|first11=Magali|last12=Aubry|first12=Thomas J.|last13=Engwell|first13=Samantha L.|last14=Svensson|first14=Anders|last15=Chellman|first15=Nathan J.|last16=McConnell|first16=Joseph R.|last17=Davies|first17=Siwan|last18=Sigl|first18=Michael|last19=Plunkett|first19=Gill|title=The 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils)|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=7 January 2025|volume=122|issue=1|article-number=e2416699122|doi=10.1073/pnas.2416699122|display-authors=5|doi-access=free|pmid=39793052 |pmc=11725861}}</ref> The eruption on 1913 is listed as uncertain<ref name="Garrison Kilburn Edwards 2018">{{cite journal | last1=Garrison | first1=Christopher S. | last2=Kilburn | first2=Christopher R. J. | last3=Edwards | first3=Stephen J. | title=The 1831 eruption of Babuyan Claro that never happened: has the source of one of the largest volcanic climate forcing events of the nineteenth century been misattributed? | journal=Journal of Applied Volcanology | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=7 | issue=1 | date=5 September 2018 | issn=2191-5040 | doi=10.1186/s13617-018-0078-9 | page=8| s2cid=52222449 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2018JApV....7....8G }}</ref> by the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution while the 1917 eruption is confirmed as an eruption of Smith Volcano.
==Recent reported activity== In July 1993, there were reports of earthquakes and alleged drying up of vegetation at the upper slopes and summit area of the volcano but volcanologists said the earthquakes were of tectonic in origin and there was no significant change in the volcanic activity.<ref name=phivolcs />
In February 2004, there were reports of grayish steam clouds hovering above the summit but volcanologists from PHIVOLCS said the seismic swarm was of tectonic origin and the steaming activity was only wispy to weak.<ref name=phivolcs />
==See also== *List of volcanoes in the Philippines **List of active volcanoes in the Philippines **List of potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines **List of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines
==References== {{reflist}}
<!--==External links==-->
{{Volcanoes of the Philippines}} {{Authority control}}
Category:Stratovolcanoes of the Philippines Category:Subduction volcanoes Category:Volcanoes of the Luzon Strait Category:Mountains of the Philippines Category:Active volcanoes of the Philippines Category:Landforms of Cagayan