{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Use British English|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Baadre | native_name = | other_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = Yezidi town of Baadre, near Shekhan in Duhok Governorate 11.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Iraq#Iraqi Kurdistan | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Iraq | coordinates = {{coord|36|43|05|N|43|15|15|E|region:IQ-NI|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Iraq}} | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Kurdistan Region}} | subdivision_type2 = Governorate | subdivision_name2 = Dohuk Governorate | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = Shekhan District | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> | area_total_km2 = | area_total_ha = | area_land_km2 = | area_land_ha = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_ha = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_km2 = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_ha = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_title = <!-- square kilometers --> | area_blank2_km2 = <!-- hectares --> | area_blank2_ha = | area_note = | dimensions_footnotes = | length_km = | width_km = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | area_code_type = | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | footnotes = | area_urban_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> | area_rural_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> | area_metro_footnotes = <!-- <ref> </ref> --> }} '''Baadre''' ({{langx|ku|باعەدرێ|translit=Baedrê}};<ref>{{cite news |title=Li nêzîkî Şêxanê 5 kesên ji malbatekê canê xwe ji dest dan |url=https://www.rudaw.net/kurmanci/kurdistan/06062019 |access-date=19 December 2019 |work=Rûdaw |date=6 June 2019 |language=ku}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=چەند پرۆژەیەک لە باعەدرێ جێبەجێ دەکرێن |url=https://www.kdp.info/a/d.aspx?l=13&a=118271 |access-date=19 December 2019 |work=Kurdistan Democratic Party |language=ku}}</ref> {{langx|syr|Beṯ ʿEḏraï}}){{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=203}}{{efn|Alternatively transliterated as Bā ʿAdhra, Bāʿdrē, Bā ʿAdre, Beth Edre, Beth ʿEdray, or Beth ʿEdraye.{{sfnmp|Brock|2011|1p=436|Van Rompay|2011|2p=27|Wilmshurst|2000|3p=203|Allison|2004|Wallis Budge|1893|5p=327|Ahmad b. Yahya al-Baladhuri|2022|6p=335}}}} is a town located in the Shekhan District of the Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. It is located in the Nineveh Plains. It belongs to the disputed territories of Northern Iraq. In 2014, the urban population was 9835 and the rural population was 5167.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Demographic Survey: Kurdistan Region of Iraq - Iraq|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/demographic-survey-kurdistan-region-iraq|access-date=2021-05-25|website=ReliefWeb|language=en}}</ref>
It is mostly inhabited by Yazidis and it is considered the political capital of the Yazidis as it is the historical seat of the ruling dynasty of the Sheikhan principality and the Mir.{{sfnp|Allison|2004}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=З |first=Мосаки Нодар |last2=В |first2=Пирбари Димитрий |date=2019-12-02 |title=Кончина эмира езидов и будущее езидской общины |url=https://ras.jes.su/asaf-today/s032150750007023-7-1 |journal=Азия и Африка сегодня |language=ru |issue=11 |pages=49–54 |doi=10.31857/S032150750007023-7 |issn=0321-5075|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=nrw>{{cite news|last1=Melchior|first1=Jillian Kay|title=Escape from Mount Sinjar|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/article/388388/escape-mount-sinjar-jillian-kay-melchior|access-date=October 7, 2014|work=National Review|date=September 19, 2014}}</ref> The castle of the princely family is found here.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Yazidi mausoleum Mîr Alî Beg in Ba'adrê|url=https://www.mesopotamiaheritage.org/en/monuments/le-mausolee-yezidi-mir-ali-beg-de-baadre/|access-date=25 May 2021|website=Mesopotamia Heritage}}</ref>
==History== Beṯ ʿEḏraï (today called Baadre) was historically inhabited by Church of the East Christians.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=156}} A synod was hosted at Beṯ ʿEḏraï in August-September 485 AD.{{sfnp|Van Rompay|2011|p=27}} It was conquered by Utba ibn Farqad al-Sulamī during the Arab conquest of Mesopotamia in 641, according to ''Futuh al-Buldan'' by the 9th-century historian Al-Baladhuri.{{sfnmp|Minorsky|1986|1p=451|Ahmad b. Yahya al-Baladhuri|2022|2p=335}} Al-Baladhuri noted that the district of Bā ʿAdhra had a Kurdish population.{{sfnmp|Minorsky|1986|1p=451|Ahmad b. Yahya al-Baladhuri|2022|2p=335}} A school was established in the village by the 8th-century reformer Rabban Babāï.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=157}}
In the 9th century, the village is attested as part of the Church of the East diocese of Margā as per Thomas of Marga's ''Book of Governors'', in which it is mentioned that one resident had practised sun worship prior to converting to Christianity.{{sfnmp|Wilmshurst|2000|1p=191|Wallis Budge|1893|2pp=327–328}} The father of Patriarch Abraham II of Seleucia-Ctesiphon ({{reign|837|850}}) was from Beṯ ʿEḏraï.{{sfnp|Wallis Budge|1893|pp=327–328}} The monk Joseph Busnaya ({{died-in|979}}) was born at Beṯ ʿEḏraï.{{sfnp|Brock|2011|p=436}} Beṯ ʿEḏraï likely ceased to be Christian during the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries, at which time a Yazidi community was established.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=189, 203}}
In Ba'athist Iraq, the population of Baadre was deported because of their support for Peshmerga.{{sfnp|Spät|2018|p=427}} According to Shamal Adeeb, who was the town's mayor at the time, the town and the 10 villages in the vicinity took in 2,028 displaced families totaling 12,115 people fleeing the Sinjar massacre in 2014.<ref name=nrw/>
==References== '''Notes''' {{Notelist}} '''Citations''' {{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} *{{cite book | author1=Ahmad b. Yahya al-Baladhuri|translator=Hugh Kennedy|author-link1=Al-Baladhuri|date=2022|title=History of the Arab Invasions: The Conquest of the Lands: A New Translation of al-Baladhuri's Futuh al-Buldan}} *{{cite encyclopedia |last=Allison|first=Christine |date=20 July 2004|access-date=20 April 2026|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazidis-i-general-1 |title=Yazidis i: General |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica}} *{{cite encyclopedia|last=Brock |first=Sebastian P. |authorlink=Sebastian P. Brock |title=Yawsep Busnaya |encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage|editor1=Sebastian P. Brock |editor2=Aaron M. Butts |editor3=George A. Kiraz |editor4=Lucas Van Rompay |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yawsep-Busnaya |publisher=Gorgias Press |year=2011|access-date= 20 April 2026|pages=436–437}} *{{cite encyclopedia|last=Minorsky|first=V.|date=1986|access-date=20 April 2026|url=https://archive.org/details/ei2-complete/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_vol_5_1/page/450/mode/2up|title=Kurds, Kurdistān |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition=2nd|pages=447–64|volume=5|editor1= P. Bearman|editor2=Th. Bianquis|editor3=C. E. Bosworth|editor4=E. Donzel|editor5=W. P. Heinrichs}} *{{cite journal|last1=Spät |first1=Eszter|title=Yezidi Identity Politics and Political Ambitions in the Wake of the ISIS Attack |journal=Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies |date=2018 |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=420–438|doi=10.1080/19448953.2018.1406689 |s2cid=148897618 }} *{{cite encyclopedia|last=Van Rompay|first=Lucas |title=Aqaq |encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage|editor1=Sebastian P. Brock |editor2=Aaron M. Butts |editor3=George A. Kiraz |editor4=Lucas Van Rompay |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aqaq |publisher=Gorgias Press |year=2011|access-date= 20 April 2026|page=27}} *{{cite book | last1 =Wallis Budge | first1 =E.A. |date=1893|title=The Book of Governors: The Historia Monastica of Thomas of Marga AD 840|url=https://archive.org/details/bookofgovernors02thom|access-date=21 April 2026|volume=2|author-link1=E. A. Wallis Budge}} *{{cite book | last1 =Wilmshurst| first1 =David|date=2000|title=The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913|publisher=Peeters Publishers|url=http://www.aina.org/books/ecclesiastical-organisation-of-the-church-of-the-east.pdf|access-date=30 October 2024}} {{div col end}} {{Commons category|Baadre}}
{{Nineveh Plains}}
Category:Populated places in Nineveh Governorate Category:Yazidi communities in Iraq Category:Nineveh Plains Category:Historic Assyrian communities in Iraq Category:Populated places in ancient Upper Mesopotamia