{{Short description|Church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach}} {{good article}} {{Infobox Bach composition | name = {{lang|de|Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben}} | bwv = 77 | type = Church cantata | image_upright = 1.3 | image = Cantata Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben BWV 77 Chorale autograph manuscript-.jpg | caption = Autograph manuscript of the opening chorus | occasion = 13th Sunday after Trinity | performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1723|08|22|df=y}}|location=Leipzig}} | movements = six | text_poet = {{plainlist| * Johann Oswald Knauer (mvts. 2–5) * David Denicke (mvt. 6) }} | bible = {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=World English|book=Luke|chapter=10|verse=27}} (mvt. 1) | chorale = {{plainlist| (tunes only): * Martin Luther (mvt. 1) * Erfurt 1524 (mvt. 6) }} | vocal = {{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}} choir and solo | instrumental = {{hlist | tromba da tirarsi | 2 oboes | bassoon | 2 violins | viola | continuo }} }} Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata '''{{lang|de|Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben}}'''{{efn|''Sic''; W. Rust's BGA edition gives the standard "sollst" in place of Luther's 1522 "sollt" or 1545 "solt".}} (You shall love God, your Lord),<ref name="Dellal" /> '''{{abbr|BWV|Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (catalogue of Bach's works)}}{{nbsp}}77''' in Leipzig for the thirteenth Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 22 August 1723.
Bach composed the cantata in his first year as ''Thomaskantor'' in Leipzig, where he had begun a first cantata cycle for the occasions of the liturgical year on the first Sunday after Trinity with {{lang|de|''Die Elenden sollen essen'', BWV 75 |italic=unset}}. The cantata text, written by Johann Oswald Knauer, is focused on the prescribed reading for the Sunday, the parable of the Good Samaritan containing the Great Commandment, which is used as the text of the first movement. A pair of recitative and aria deals with the love of God, while a symmetrical pair deals with the love of the neighbour. Bach did not write the text of the closing chorale in the score, but probably his son Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach.
Bach scored the cantata for four vocal soloists, mixed choir, tromba da tirarsi, two oboes, strings and continuo. In the first movement Bach uses an instrumental quotation of Luther's hymn on the Ten Commandments, "{{lang|de|Dies sind die heilgen zehn Gebot}}" (These are the holy ten commandments), played by the trumpet in canon with the continuo. {{TOC limit|2}}
== History and words == Bach wrote the cantata in 1723 in his first year as Thomaskantor in Leipzig for the 13th Sunday after Trinity. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle to the Galatians, Paul's teaching on law and promise ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=World English|book=Galatians|chapter=3|verse=15|range=–22}}), and from the Gospel of Luke, the parable of the Good Samaritan ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=World English|book=Luke|chapter=10|verse=23|range=–37}}).<ref name="Dürr" /> The cantata text was written by Johann Oswald Knauer<ref name="Bach Digital" /> and appeared in Gotha in 1720 in {{lang|de|Gott-geheiligtes Singen und Spielen}} (Holy singing and playing to God).<ref name="Koopman CD liner p16" /> The text relates closely to the readings, even to the situation in which the parable was told, referring to the question of a lawyer what needs to be done to achieve eternal life. The answer, which the lawyer had to give himself, was the commandment to love God and your neighbour. This, the Great Commandment, is the text of the first movement. Accordingly, the following text is divided in two parts, one recitative and aria dealing with the love of God, and a symmetrical part handling the love of the neighbour.<ref name="Dürr" />
{{anchor|Closing chorale}} The cantata's last movement is a four-part harmonisation of the "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein" hymn tune: this tune, Zahn No. 4431, was first published in Erfurt in 1524 and is based on a pre–Reformation model. Bach did not write any lyrics for this movement in his autograph score. A later hand added the text of the eighth stanza of David Denicke's hymn "{{lang|de|Wenn einer alle Ding verstünd|italic=no}}" (1657). Wilhelm Rust, who edited the cantata for the 19th-century Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe (BGA), considered this text as chosen by Karl Friedrich Zelter, but included it nonetheless in the published score. Werner Neumann did not think that the text of the concluding chorale was well-chosen, so for his presentation of the cantata in the 20th-century New Bach Edition (Neue Bach-Ausgabe, NBA) he replaced it by a stanza from Denicke's "{{lang|de|O Gottes Sohn, Herr Jesu Christ|italic=no}}" hymn (1657). In an article published in the 2001 volume of the ''Bach-Jahrbuch'', Peter Wollny wrote that the handwriting of the last movement's lyrics in Bach's autograph was not Zelter's but probably that of Johann Christoph Friedrich, one of Bach's younger sons, who may have had access to the cantata's performing parts containing the lyrics as intended by the composer.<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="Dahn" /><ref name="BGA" /><ref name="NBA" /><ref name="Bach Digital" /><ref name="BD-autograph" />
Bach led the Thomanerchor in the first performance of the cantata on 22 August 1723.<ref name="Dürr" />
== Music == === Structure and scoring === Bach structured the cantata in six movements with choral movements framing two pairs of recitative and aria. He scored it for four vocal soloists (soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B)), a SATB mixed choir, and an orchestra of tromba da tirarsi (Baroque slide trumpet) (tir), two oboes (Ob), two violins (Vl), viola (Va), and basso continuo (Bc) including bassoon (Fg). The title of the autograph score reads "J.J. Concerto Dominica 13 p- Trinitatis" (J.J. concerto for the 13th a. Trinity, J.J. being short for Jesu juva (Jesus help).<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="BGA" /><ref name="NBA" /><ref name="Bach Digital" /><ref name="BD-autograph" />
{| |- | The data in the table below, such as keys and time signatures, derive from the BGA and NBA editions, and scholarship by Alfred Dürr and others. Winds and string instruments are shown in separate columns, leaving the continuo, which is playing throughout, unmentioned.<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="Dahn" /><ref name="BGA" /><ref name="NBA" /><ref name="Bach Digital" /> |}
{{Classical movement header | show_text_source = yes | work = ''Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben'' | instruments1 = Winds | instruments2 = Strings}}
{{Classical movement row | number = 1 | title = {{lang|de|Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben|italic=no}} | text_source = {{nowrap|Luke 10:27}} | type = Chorus | vocal = SATB | instruments1 = Tir | instruments2 = 2Vl Va | key = {{nowrap|C major}} | time = {{music|common-time}} }} {{Classical movement row | number = 2 | title = {{lang|de|So muß es sein!|italic=no}} | text_source = Knauer | type = Recitative | vocal = B | instruments1 = | instruments2 = | key = | time = {{music|common-time}} }} {{Classical movement row | number = 3 | title = {{lang|de|Mein Gott, ich liebe dich von Herzen|italic=no}} | text_source = Knauer | type = Aria | vocal = S | instruments1 = 2Ob | instruments2 = | key = A minor | time = {{music|common-time}} }} {{Classical movement row | number = 4 | title = {{lang|de|Gib mir dabei, mein Gott! ein Samariterherz|italic=no}} | text_source = Knauer | type = Recitative | vocal = T | instruments1 = | instruments2 = 2Vl Va | key = D minor | time = {{music|common-time}} }} {{Classical movement row | number = 5 | title = {{lang|de|Ach, es bleibt in meiner Liebe|italic=no}} | text_source = Knauer | type = Aria | vocal = A | instruments1 = Tir | instruments2 = | key = | time = 3/4 }} {{Classical movement row | number = 6 | title = (setting of the "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein" hymn tune) | text_source = Denicke | type = Chorale | vocal = SATB | instruments1 = unknown | instruments2 = 2Vl Va | key = G minor – D major | time = {{music|common-time}} }} {{End}}
=== Movements ===
==== 1 ==== The first movement, "{{lang|de|Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben|italic=no}}" (You shall love God, your Lord),<ref name="Dellal" /> carries Bach's statement on the most important law, on which, according to the parallel {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=World English|book=Matthew|chapter=22|verse=34|range=–40}}, "hang all the law and the prophets".<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="Gardiner" /> The words translate to "You shall love God, your Lord, with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength and with all your mind, and your neighbor as yourself". Bach had enlarged on the "dualism of love of God and brotherly love" already in his monumental cantata in 14 movements, {{lang|de|''Die Himmel erzählen die Ehre Gottes'', BWV 76 |italic=unset}}, at the beginning of his first cycle.<ref name="Gardiner" /> In order to show the law's universality, Bach introduces Martin Luther's chorale "{{lang|de|Dies sind die heilgen Zehn Gebot|italic=no}}" (These are the holy ten commandments), referring to the commandments of the Old Testament, as a foundation of the movement's structure.<ref name="Koopman CD liner p16" /><ref name="Gardiner" /> The tune is played in a strict canon,<ref name="Koopman CD liner p16" /> the most rigid musical law as one more symbol. The canon is performed by the trumpet in the highest range, and the continuo, representing the lowest range. The tempo of the trumpet is twice as fast as the tempo of the continuo, therefore the trumpet has time to repeat first single lines and finally the complete melody of the chorale. The trumpet enters ten times, to symbolize once more the completeness of the law.<ref name="Dürr" /> The voices, representing the law of the New Testament, engage in imitation of a theme which is derived from the chorale tune and first played by the instruments.<ref name="Gardiner" /> John Eliot Gardiner, who provides an extended analysis of the movement, concludes: {{blockquote|The end result is a potent mixture of modal and diatonic harmonies, one which leaves an unforgettable impression in the mind's ear, and in context propels one forward to the world of Brahms' ''German Requiem'' and beyond, to Messiaen's ''Quartet for the End of Time''.<ref name="Gardiner" />}}
==== 2 ==== A short secco recitative for bass, "{{lang|de|So muß es sein!|italic=no}}" (So it must be! ),<ref name="Dellal" /> summarizes the ideas.
==== 3 ==== An aria for soprano, "{{lang|de|Mein Gott, ich liebe dich von Herzen|italic=no}}" (My God, I love You from my heart),<ref name="Dellal" /> is accompanied by two obbligato oboes which frequently play in tender third parallels.<ref name="Dürr" />
==== 4 ==== The second recitative for tenor, "{{lang|de|Gib mir dabei, mein Gott! ein Samariterherz|italic=no}}" (Give me as well, my God! a Samaritan heart),<ref name="Dellal" /> is a prayer to grant a heart like the Samaritan's. It is intensified by the strings.<ref name="Dürr" />
==== 5 ==== The last aria for alto with an obbligato trumpet, "{{lang|de|Ach, es bleibt in meiner Liebe|italic=no}}" (Ah, in my love there is still ),<ref name="Dellal" /> takes the form of a sarabande. Bach conveys the "{{lang|de|Unvollkommenheit|italic=no}}" (imperfection) of human attempt to live by the law of love, by choosing the trumpet and composing for it "awkward intervals" and "wildly unstable notes" which would sound imperfect on the period's valveless instruments.<ref name="Gardiner" /> In contrast, Bach wrote in the middle section a long trumpet solo of "ineffable beauty", as a "glorious glimpse of God's realm".<ref name="Gardiner" />
==== 6 ==== The closing four-part chorale is a setting of the "Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein" hymn tune. The cantata has been published with two variant versions of the chorale text:<ref name="Dahn" /><ref name="Bach Digital" /> * The BGA edition publishes the lyrics which another hand added to Bach's autograph, i.e. a stanza from Denicke's "{{lang|de|Wenn einer alle Ding verstünd|italic=no}}" with the incipit "{{lang|de|Du stellst, Herr Jesu, selber dich zum Vorbild deiner Liebe|italic=no}}"<ref name="Wolf" /> (You, Lord Jesus, stand as a model of your love).<ref name="BGA" /><ref name="BD-autograph" /> * The NBA publishes the lyrics according to its editor's suggestion: the stanza "{{lang|de|Herr, durch den Glauben wohn in mir|italic=no}}" (Lord, dwell in me through faith)<ref name="Dellal" /> from Denicke's "{{lang|de|O Gottes Sohn, Herr Jesu Christ|italic=no}}".<ref name="Dellal" /><ref name="NBA" />
== Recordings == The entries of the table are taken from the listing on the Bach Cantatas Website. Ensembles playing period instruments in historically informed performance are marked by green background.
{{Cantata discography header|work=''Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben'' |show_orchestra_type=yes }}
{{Cantata discography row | id = Leonhardt | title = ''J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk • Complete Cantatas • Les Cantates, Folge / Vol. 4'' | conductor = {{sortname|Gustav|Leonhardt}} | choir = {{plainlist| * Knabenchor Hannover * Collegium Vocale Gent }} | orchestra = Leonhardt-Consort | soloists = {{plainlist| * soloists of the Knabenchor Hannover * Paul Esswood * Adalbert Kraus * Max van Egmond }} | label = Teldec | year = {{Start date|1978}} | orchestra_type = Period }} {{Cantata discography row | id = Rilling | title = {{lang|de|Die Bach Kantate Vol. 47}} | conductor = {{sortname|Helmuth|Rilling}} | choir = Gächinger Kantorei | orchestra = Württembergisches Kammerorchester Heilbronn | soloists = {{plainlist| * Helen Donath * Helen Watts * Adalbert Kraus * Wolfgang Schöne }} | label = Hänssler | year = {{Start date|1983}} | orchestra_type = Chamber }} {{Cantata discography row | id = Koopman | title = ''J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 8'' | conductor = {{sortname|Ton|Koopman}} | orchestra = Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir | soloists = {{plainlist| * Dorothea Röschmann * {{nowrap|Elisabeth von Magnus}} * Jörg Dürmüller * Klaus Mertens }} | label = Antoine Marchand | year = {{start date|1998}} | orchestra_type = Period }} {{Cantata discography row | id = Gardiner | title = ''Bach Cantatas Vol. 6: Köthen/Frankfurt / For the 12th Sunday after Trinity / For the 13th Sunday after Trinity'' | conductor = {{sortname|John Eliot|Gardiner}} | choir = Monteverdi Choir | orchestra = English Baroque Soloists | soloists = {{plainlist| * Gillian Keith * Nathalie Stutzmann * Christoph Genz * Jonathan Brown }} | label = Soli Deo Gloria | year = {{Start date|2000}} | orchestra_type = Period }} {{Cantata discography row | id = Suzuki | title = ''J.S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 13 – Cantatas from Leipzig 1723'' | conductor = {{sortname|Masaaki|Suzuki}} | orchestra = Bach Collegium Japan | soloists = {{plainlist| * Yoshie Hida * Kirsten Sollek-Avella * Makoto Sakurada * Peter Kooy }} | label = BIS | year = {{start date|1999}} | orchestra_type = Period }} {{Cantata discography row | id = Leusink | title = ''Bach Edition Vol. 21 – Cantatas Vol. 12'' | conductor = {{sortname|Pieter Jan|Leusink}} | choir = Holland Boys Choir | orchestra = Netherlands Bach Collegium | soloists = {{plainlist| * Ruth Holton * Sytse Buwalda * Nico van der Meel * Bas Ramselaar }} | label = Brilliant Classics | year = {{Start date|2000}} | orchestra_type = Period }}
{{End}}
== Notes == {{notelist}}
== References == {{reflist | 30em | refs =
<ref name="Dahn">{{cite web | last = Dahn | first = Luke | url = http://www.bach-chorales.com/BWV0077_6.htm | title = BWV 77.6 | publisher = bach-chorales.com | year = 2017 | access-date = 22 June 2017 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dellal">{{cite web | last = Dellal | first = Pamela | author-link = Pamela Dellal | url = https://www.emmanuelmusic.org/bach-translations/bwv-77 | title = BWV 77 - "Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben" | publisher = Emmanuel Music | access-date = 23 August 2022 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dürr">{{cite book | last1 = Dürr | first1 = Alfred | last2 = Jones | first2 = Richard D. P. | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m9JuwslMcq4C&pg=PA13 | title = The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text | publisher = Oxford University Press | pages = 510–513 | year = 2006 | isbn = 9780199297764 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gardiner">{{Cite AV media notes | last = Gardiner | first = John Eliot | author-link = John Eliot Gardiner | url = https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_SDG134 | title = Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantatas Nos 33, 35, 69a, 77, 137 & 164 | publisher = Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website) | year = 2007 | access-date = 2 September 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="Koopman CD liner p16">{{cite web | last = Koopman | first = Ton | url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Pic-Rec-BIG/Koopman-C08-1c%5BErato-3CD%5D.pdf | title = Complete Canatatas Volume 8 CD liner notes | page = 16 | year = 2008 | access-date = 12 September 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Bach Digital">{{cite web | url = http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000096?lang=en | title = Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben BWV 77; BC A 126 / Sacred cantata (13th Sunday after Trinity) | publisher = Bach Digital | year = 2017 | access-date = 21 June 2017 }} (and [https://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000096?XSL.Style=detail&lang=en lyrics] page)</ref>
<ref name="BD-autograph">{{cite web | url = https://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalSource_source_00000930?lang=en | title = Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz: D-B Mus. ms. Bach P 68 | publisher = Bach Digital | year = 2017 | access-date = 22 June 2017 | postscript = . (description and facsimile of Bach's autograph score conserved at the Berlin State Library) }}</ref>
<ref name="BGA">{{Cite book | last = Rust | first = Wilhelm | author-link = Wilhelm Rust | chapter = Cantate (Am dreizehnten Sonntage nach Trinitatis): ''Du sollst Gott, deinen Herren, lieben'' – No. 77 | pages = XIII–XV and XX–XXI ([http://imslp.nl/imglnks/usimg/8/85/IMSLP02132-BGA_18_Preface.pdf Preface]); 233–254 ([http://imslp.nl/imglnks/usimg/2/20/IMSLP01232-BWV0077.pdf Score]) | title = Joh. Seb. Bach's Kirchenkantaten: Achter Band (Nos. 71–80) | series = Bach-Gesellschaft Ausgabe | volume = XVIII | publisher = Breitkopf & Härtel | year = 1870 | language = de }}</ref> <ref name="Wolf">{{Cite book | last = Wolf | first = Uwe | url = https://www.carusmedia.com/images-intern/medien/30/3107703/3107703x.pdf | title = Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben / The Lord your God with all your heart / BWV 77 | page = 4 | publisher = Carus-Verlag | year = 2015 }}</ref>
<ref name="NBA">{{Cite book | last = Neumann | first = Werner | author-link = Werner Neumann (musicologist) | chapter = Bach, Johann Sebastian: Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben, BWV 77, Kantate zum 13. Sonntag nach Trinitatis | pages = 1ff. ([https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5013_01/ Score], 1958); 7ff. ([https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5013_41/ Critical Commentary], 1959) | title = Kantaten zum 13. und 14. Sonntag nach Trinitatis | series = New Bach Edition | volume = Series I: Cantatas, Vol. 21 | publisher = Bärenreiter | date = 1958–1959 | language = de }}</ref>
}}
== External links == * {{IMSLP|work=Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben, BWV 77 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|cname=Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben, BWV 77}} * {{DNB portal|300007655|TYP=Literature about}} * {{cite web | last = Bischof | first = Walter F. | url = http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/77.html | title = BWV 77 Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben | access-date = 29 August 2015 }} * {{cite web | last = Grob | first = Jochen | url = http://www.s-line.de/homepages/bachdiskographie/textkangeist/bwv77text.html | title = BWV 77 / BC A 126 | publisher = s-line.de | year = 2014 | language = de | access-date = 29 August 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194151/http://www.s-line.de/homepages/bachdiskographie/textkangeist/bwv77text.html | archive-date = 4 March 2016 | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web | last = Mincham | first = Julian | url = https://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-16-bwv-77 | title = Chapter 16 Bwv 77 – The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach | publisher = jsbachcantatas.com | year = 2010 | access-date = 23 August 2022 }} * {{cite web | last = Oron | first = Aryeh | url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/BWV77.htm | title = Cantata BWV 77 Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben | publisher = Bach Cantatas Website | access-date = 29 August 2015 }} * [http://www.uvm.edu/~classics/faculty/bach/BWV77.html BWV 77 Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben] English translation, University of Vermont
{{Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach}} {{Bach cantatas}} {{Authority control}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Du sollt Gott, deinen Herren, lieben'', BWV 77}}
Category:Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach Category:1723 compositions