{{Short description|Church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach}} {{Infobox Bach composition | title = {{lang|de|Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden}} | bwv = 47 | type = Church cantata | image = Thomaskirche-1885.png | caption = Thomaskirche, Leipzig | occasion = 17th Sunday after Trinity | performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1726|10|13|df=y}}|location=Leipzig}} | movements = five | text_poet = Johann Friedrich Helbig | bible = {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Ephesians|chapter=4|verse6}} | chorale = Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz | vocal = {{plainlist| * {{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}} choir * soprano and bass soloists }} | instrumental = {{hlist | 2 oboes | 2 violins | viola | organ | continuo }} }} Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata '''{{lang|de|Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden}}''' (Whoever exalts himself, will be abased<ref name="Dellal" /> / KJV: For whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased), '''{{abbr|BWV|Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (catalogue of Bach's works)}}{{nbsp}}47''', in Leipzig for the 17th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 13 October 1726.
== History and words == Bach wrote the cantata in his fourth year in Leipzig for the 17th Sunday after Trinity.<ref name="Dürr" /> It is regarded as part of his third annual cycle of cantatas. The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the Epistle to the Ephesians, the admonition to keep the unity of the Spirit ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Ephesians|chapter=4|verse=1|range=–6}}), and from the Gospel of Luke, healing a man with dropsy on the Sabbath ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Luke|chapter=14|verse=1|range=–11}}). The poet Johann Friedrich Helbig (1680–1722) was a court poet at the ducal court of Saxe-Eisenach from 1718. He published an annual cycle of cantatas in 1720, {{lang|de|Aufmunterung der Andacht}} (Encouragement of Devotion), which included this cantata.<ref name="Helbig" /> It is the only cantata text of Helbig which Bach composed.<ref name="Gardiner" /> It is not known whether he knew the publishing or rather a composition of Georg Philipp Telemann, who composed several of Helbig's texts in Eisenach. The poet takes the final line from the Gospel as a starting point in the first movement and then concentrates on the warning of pride, leading to a prayer for humility.<ref name="Dürr" /> The closing chorale is the eleventh and final stanza of the hymn "{{lang|de|Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz|italic=no}}",<ref name="chorale text" /> which Bach had used in 1723 in his cantata {{lang|de|''Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz'', BWV 138 |italic=unset}}.
Bach first performed the cantata on 13 October 1726.<ref name="Dürr" />
== Scoring and structure == The cantata in five movements is scored for two vocal soloists (soprano and bass), a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of two oboes, two violins, viola, organ obbligato and basso continuo.<ref name="Dürr" /> {{Classical movement header |show_text_source=no |work=''Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden'', BWV 47 |instruments1=Winds |instruments2=Strings |instruments3=Organ }} {{Classical movement row |number=1 |title={{lang|de|Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden}} |type= Chorus |vocal= SATB |instruments1= 2Ob |instruments2= 2Vl, Va, Bc |instruments3= |key= G minor |time= {{music|cut-time}} }} {{Classical movement row |number=2 |title={{lang|de|Wer ein wahrer Christ will heißen}} |type= Aria |vocal= Soprano |instruments1= |instruments2= Bc |instruments3= Org ''(obbligato)'' |key= D minor |time= 6/8 }} {{Classical movement row |number=3 |title={{lang|de|Der Mensch ist Kot, Stank, Asch und Erde}} |type= Recitative |vocal= Bass |instruments1= |instruments2= 2Vl, Va, Bc |instruments3= |key= |time= {{music|common-time}} }} {{Classical movement row |number=4 |title={{lang|de|Jesu, beuge doch mein Herze}} |type= Aria |vocal= Bass |instruments1= 1Ob |instruments2= 1Vl, Bc |instruments3= |key= Eb major |time= {{music|common-time}} }} {{Classical movement row |number=5 |title={{lang|de|Der zeitlichen Ehrn will ich gern entbehrn}} |type= Chorale |vocal= SATB |instruments1= 2Ob (col Soprano) |instruments2= 1Vl (col Soprano),<br>1Vl (coll'Alto),<br>Va (col Tenore),<br>Bc |instruments3= |key= C minor |time= {{music|common-time}} }} {{End}}
== Music == The opening chorus is the most elaborate of the five movements. Bach used for the long ritornello music from his organ prelude in C minor, BWV 546, transposed to G minor.<ref name="Gardiner" /> The oboes play a motif, rising in sequences, which becomes a vocal theme of a fugue, illustrating the haughty self-exaltation in the first half of the Gospel text. A countersubject moves in the opposite direction to illustrate the self-humiliation. The fugue is concluded by a homophonic "summary". The sequence of fugue and summary is repeated.<ref name="Dürr" /> Finally, the complete ritornello is repeated like a da capo, but with the voices additionally embedded, stating the complete text once more in homophony.<ref name="Gardiner" /><ref name="Mincham" />
The soprano aria was originally accompanied by an obbligato organ, as was, three weeks later, the aria ''Ich geh und suche mit Verlangen'', BWV 49. In a later performance of the cantata, Bach assigned the obbligato part to a violin. The da capo aria depicts humility in the first section, pride in the middle section, in rough rhythm both in the voice as in the obbligato, whereas the continuo plays the theme from the first section to unify the movement.<ref name="Dürr" /> John Eliot Gardiner describes the "harsh, stubborn broken chords" as illustrating arrogance.<ref name="Gardiner" /> The only recitative, accompanied by the strings, is the central movement.<ref name="Mincham" /> Gardiner observes that Bach's "autograph score shows, for example, how he sharpened the rhythm of the word "{{lang|de|Teufelsbrut}}" (devil's brood) to make its impact more abrupt and brutal."<ref name="Gardiner" /> The second aria is in three parts, but without a vocal da capo. Oboe and violin are equal partners to the bass voice in a prayer for humility.<ref name="Dürr" /> The closing chorale<ref name="chorale melody" /> is set for four parts in utmost humility.<ref name="Dürr" />
== Recordings == * ''J. S. Bach: Cantata BWV 10, BWV 47; Sanctus BWV 241'', Paul Steinitz, London Bach Society, English Chamber Orchestra, Sally Le Sage, Neil Howlett, Oryx 1965 * ''J. S. Bach: Cantata No. 47; W.A. Mozart: Missa Brevis'', Rudolf Barshai, Yurlov Choir, Moscow Chamber Orchestra, Galina Pisarenko; Bass: Alexander Vedernikov, Melodiya 1966 * ''J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk – Sacred Cantatas Vol. 3'', Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Wiener Sängerknaben, Concentus Musicus Wien, soloist of the Wiener Sängerknaben, Ruud van der Meer, Teldec 1974 * ''Die Bach Kantate Vol. 53'', Helmuth Rilling, Gächinger Kantorei, Bach-Collegium Stuttgart, Arleen Augér, Philippe Huttenlocher, Hänssler 1982 * ''Bach Edition Vol. 14 – Cantatas Vol. 7'', Pieter Jan Leusink, Holland Boys Choir, Netherlands Bach Collegium, Ruth Holton, Bas Ramselaar, Brilliant Classics 2000 * ''Bach Cantatas Vol. 9: Lund / Leipzig / For the 17th Sunday after Trinity / For the 18th Sunday after Trinity'', John Eliot Gardiner, Monteverdi Choir, English Baroque Soloists, Katharine Fuge, Stephan Loges, Soli Deo Gloria 2000 * ''J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 18'', Ton Koopman, Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir, Sandrine Piau, Klaus Mertens, Antoine Marchand 2003 * ''J. S. Bach: Cantatas for the Complete Liturgical Year Vol. 12: "Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz" - Cantatas BWV 138 · 27 · 47 · 96'', Sigiswald Kuijken, La Petite Bande, Gerlinde Sämann, Petra Noskaiová, Christoph Genz, Jan van der Crabben, Accent 2009 * ''J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 47 – Cantatas from Leipzig 1723'', Masaaki Suzuki, Bach Collegium Japan, Hana Blažíková, Peter Kooy, BIS 2010
== References == {{reflist | 30em | refs =
<ref name="Dellal">{{cite web | last = Dellal | first = Pamela | author-link = Pamela Dellal | url = https://www.emmanuelmusic.org/bach-translations/bwv-47 | title = BWV 47 – Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden | publisher = Emmanuel Music | access-date = 20 August 2022 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dürr">{{cite book | last1 = Dürr | first1 = Alfred | author-link = Alfred Dürr | last2 = Jones | first2 = Richard D. P. | author-link2 = Richard D. P. Jones | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KCQTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA564– | title = The Cantatas of J.S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text | publisher = Oxford University Press | pages = 564–568 | year = 2006 | isbn = 9780198167075 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gardiner">{{Cite AV media notes | last = Gardiner | first = John Eliot | author-link = John Eliot Gardiner | url = https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_SDG159 | title = Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantatas Nos 47, 96, 114, 116, 148 & 169 | publisher = Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website) | year = 2009 | access-date = 11 November 2018 }}</ref>
<ref name="Helbig">{{cite web | url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Helbig.htm | title = Johann Friedrich Helbig (Librettist) | year = 2003 | publisher = Bach Cantatas Website | access-date = 10 October 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Mincham">{{cite web | last = Mincham | first = Julian | url = http://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-27-bwv-47 | title = Chapter 27 Bwv 47 – The Cantatas of Johann Sebastian Bach | publisher = jsbachcantatas.com | year = 2010 | access-date = 20 August 2022 }}</ref>
<ref name="chorale text">{{cite web | url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale037-Eng3.htm | title = Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz / Text and Translation of Chorale | publisher = Bach Cantatas Website | year = 2006 | access-date = 10 October 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="chorale melody">{{cite web | url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/CM/Warum-betrubst.htm | title = Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Warum betrübst du dich, mein Herz | publisher = Bach Cantatas Website | year = 2005 | access-date = 11 October 2011 }}</ref>
}}
== Sources == * {{IMSLP|work=Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden, BWV 47 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)}} * [http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000062?lang=en Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden BWV 47; BC A 141 / Sacred cantata (17th Sunday after Trinity )] Bach Digital * [http://www.bach-cantatas.com/BWV47.htm Cantata BWV 47 Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden] history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion, Bach Cantatas Website * [http://www.uvm.edu/~classics/faculty/bach/BWV47.html BWV 47 Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden] English translation, University of Vermont * [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/47.html BWV 47 Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden] text, scoring, University of Alberta * Luke Dahn: [http://www.bach-chorales.com/BWV0047_5.htm BWV 47.5] bach-chorales.com
{{Bach's third cantata cycle and later}} {{Bach cantatas}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Wer sich selbst erhöhet, der soll erniedriget werden'', BWV 47}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wer Sich Selbst Erhohet Bwv 47}} Category:Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach Category:1726 compositions