{{Short description|Church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach}} {{Infobox Bach composition | name = {{nowrap|{{lang|de|Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen}}}} | bwv = 175 | type = Church cantata | image = Christiana Mariana von Ziegler.jpg | image_upright = 0.8 | caption = Christiana Mariana von Ziegler, {{nowrap|author of the cantata text}} | occasion = Pentecost Tuesday | performed = {{Timeline-event|date={{Start date|1725|05|22|df=y}}|location=Leipzig}} | movements = 7 | text_poet = {{nowrap|Christiana Mariana von Ziegler}} | bible = {{plainlist| * {{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=John|chapter=10|verse=3|range=,6}} }} | chorale = by Johann Rist | vocal = {{plainlist| * {{abbr|SATB|soprano, alto, tenor and bass}} choir * solo: alto, tenor and bass }} | instrumental = {{hlist | 2 trumpets | 3 recorders | 2 violins | viola | violoncello piccolo | continuo }} }} '''{{lang|de|Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen}}''' (He calls His sheep by name),<ref name="Dellal" /> '''{{abbr|BWV|Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (catalogue of Bach's works)}}{{nbsp}}175''', is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed the cantata in Leipzig for the third day of Pentecost and first performed it on 22 May 1725.
== History and words == Bach wrote the cantata in his second year in Leipzig for Pentecost Tuesday, the third day of Pentecost.<ref name="Dürr" /> In this second year Bach had composed chorale cantatas between the first Sunday after Trinity and Palm Sunday, but for Easter returned to cantatas on more varied texts, possibly because he lost his librettist. Nine of his cantatas for the period between Easter and Pentecost are based on texts of Christiana Mariana von Ziegler.<ref name="Wolff" /> Bach later assigned most of them, including this cantata, to his third annual cycle.<ref name="Dürr" />
The prescribed readings for the feast day were from the Acts of the Apostles, the Holy Spirit in Samaria ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Acts|chapter=8|verse=14|range=–17}}), and from the Gospel of John, the Good Shepherd ({{Sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=John|chapter=10|verse=1|range=–10}}). The cantata is thematically divided in two parts, movements 1 to 4 and movements 5 to 7, but performed consecutively. Both begin with a quotation from the gospel. The first part deals with Jesus as the Good Shepherd and the sheep who hear his voice. The second part deals with those who don't hear this voice. The poet uses the term "{{lang|de|verblendete Vernunft}}" (deluded reason),<ref name="Dellal" /> possibly addressing the attitude of the intellectual movement "{{lang|de|Aufklärung}}" (Age of Enlightenment).<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="Gardiner" /> The cantata is closed with the ninth stanza of Johann Rist's hymn "{{langr|de|O Gottes Geist, mein Trost und Ruh}}".<ref name="chorale text" />
Bach first performed the cantata on 22 May 1725.<ref name="Dürr" />
== Scoring and structure == The cantata in seven movements is distinctively scored for three vocal soloists (alto, tenor and bass), a four-part choir only in the closing chorale, two trumpets, three recorders, two violins, viola, violoncello piccolo and basso continuo. The recorders give a pastorale character to the first part about the Good Shepherd.<ref name="Dürr" />
# Recitative (tenor): {{langr|de|Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen}} # Aria (alto): {{langr|de|Komm, leite mich}} # Recitative (tenor): {{langr|de|Wo find ich dich?}} # Aria (tenor): {{langr|de|Es dünket mich, ich seh dich kommen}} # Recitative (alto, bass): {{langr|de|Sie vernahmen aber nicht}} # Aria (bass): {{langr|de|Öffnet euch, ihr beiden Ohren}} # Chorale: {{langr|de|Nun, werter Geist, ich folg dir}}
== Music ==
[[File:Champaigne shepherd.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|''The Good Shepherd'', by Jean-Baptiste de Champaigne]] The first quotation from the Bible is sung by the tenor, like an Evangelist. This recitative, saying "{{lang|de|Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen und führet sie hinaus}}" (He calls His sheep by name and leads them out),<ref name="Dellal" /> is accompanied by three recorders, an instrument with pastoral associations.<ref name="Robins" /><ref name="Mincham" /> The recorders also colour the first aria, a movement in {{music|time|12|8}} time with a text which refers to green fields.<ref name="Gardiner" />
The following short recitative asks in a dissonant and dramatic way, like a lost sheep for its shepherd: "{{langr|de|Wo find ich dich? Ach, wo bist du verborgen?}}" (Where can I find you? Ah, where are you hidden?).<ref name="Dellal" /> The second aria is about the shepherd's arrival. Bach took the music from the secular cantata {{lang|de|''Durchlauchtster Leopold'', BWV 173a |italic=unset}}, although the meter of Ziegler's poetry does not fit, as if Bach had not communicated the idea of the parody with the poet.<ref name="Dürr" /> Bach transposes movement 7 from his congratulatory cantata up a minor third for tenor rather than bass voice and with an obbligato part for violoncello piccolo contrasting with the low range of the instruments he used in the first version. It is in the form of an extended ''da capo'' bourrée.<ref name="Gardiner" />
The central recitative, movement 5, is the first movement of the cantata accompanied by the strings. It begins with the quotation from the gospel "{{langr|de|Sie vernahmen aber nicht, was es war, das er zu ihnen gesaget hatte}}" (But they did not grasp what it was, that He had said to them),<ref name="Dellal" /> sung by the alto as the Evangelist,<ref name="Gardiner" /> and leads to an arioso on the final warning not to overhear the words of Jesus, which "may be to your well-being"<ref name="Dellal" /> ({{langr|de|zu deinem Heil geschicht}}). This warning is enforced by two trumpets in the bass aria which reminds of the death of Jesus: "{{langr|de|Jesus hat euch zugeschworen, daß er Teufel, Tod erlegt}}" (Jesus has sworn to you that He has laid low devil, death).<ref name="Dellal" /><ref name="Gardiner" /> The trumpets are silent in the middle section, dealing with the gifts of Jesus, "grace, sufficiency, abundant life"<ref name="Dellal" /> ({{langr|de|Gnade, Gnüge, volles Leben}}). The aria may also be a parody, but the model is not known.<ref name="Dürr" />
The chorale is repeated from the cantata for Pentecost, {{lang|de|''Wer mich liebet, der wird mein Wort halten'', BWV 59 |italic=unset}}. The melody of the hymn for Pentecost "{{langr|de|Komm, Heiliger Geist, Herre Gott}}"<ref name="chorale melody" /> is set for four parts and three independent recorder parts, instead of strings in the earlier version, thus returning to the scoring of the beginning of the cantata.<ref name="Dürr" /><ref name="Gardiner" />
== Recordings == * ''J. S. Bach: Cantatas BWV 100 & BWV 175'', Heinz Wunderlich, Kantorei St. Jacobi Hamburg, Hamburger Kammerorchester, Lotte Wolf-Matthäus, Hans-Joachim Rotzsch, Hans-Olaf Hudemann, Cantate 1961 * ''Bach Cantatas Vol. 3 – Ascension Day, Whitsun, Trinity'', Karl Richter, Münchener Bach-Chor, Münchener Bach-Orchester, Anna Reynolds, Peter Schreier, Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Cantate 1975 * ''Die Bach Kantate Vol. 38'', Helmuth Rilling, Gächinger Kantorei, Bach-Collegium Stuttgart, Carolyn Watkinson, Peter Schreier, Philippe Huttenlocher, Hänssler 1981 * ''J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk – Sacred Cantatas (Vol. 9)'', Gustav Leonhardt, Knabenchor Hannover, Collegium Vocale Gent, Leonhardt-Consort, Paul Esswood, Marius van Altena, Max van Egmond, Teldec 1988 * ''J. S. Bach: Cantatas with Violoncelle Piccolo (Vol. 2)'', Christophe Coin, Das Leipziger Concerto Vocale, Ensemble Baroque de Limoges, Barbara Schlick, Andreas Scholl, Christoph Prégardien, Gotthold Schwarz, Auvidis Astrée 1994 * ''Bach Cantatas Vol. 27: Blythburgh/Kirkwell'', John Eliot Gardiner, Monteverdi Choir, English Baroque Soloists, Nathalie Stutzmann, Christoph Genz, Stephan Loges, Soli Deo Gloria 2000 * ''J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 15'', Ton Koopman, Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir, Bogna Bartosz, Christoph Prégardien, Klaus Mertens, Antoine Marchand 2001 * ''J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 39 (Cantatas from Leipzig 1725)'', Masaaki Suzuki, Bach Collegium Japan, Robin Blaze, Gerd Türk, Peter Kooy, BIS 2007
== References == {{reflist | 30em | refs =
<ref name="Dellal">{{cite web | last = Dellal | first = Pamela | author-link = Pamela Dellal | url = https://www.emmanuelmusic.org/bach-translations/bwv-175 | title = BWV 175 – "Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen" | publisher = Emmanuel Music | access-date = 7 September 2022 }}</ref>
<ref name="Dürr">{{cite book | last = Dürr | first = Alfred | author-link = Alfred Dürr | title = Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach | year = 1981 | publisher = Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag | isbn = 3-423-04080-7 | volume = 1 | edition = 4 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/diekantatenvonjo0002durr/page/314 314–316] | language = de | url = https://archive.org/details/diekantatenvonjo0002durr/page/314 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gardiner">{{Cite AV media notes | last = Gardiner | first = John Eliot | author-link = John Eliot Gardiner | url = https://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/dc.asp?dc=D_SDG138 | title = Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantatas Nos 129, 165, 175, 176, 184 & 194 | publisher = Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website) | year = 2008 | access-date = 8 June 2019 }}</ref>
<ref name="Mincham">{{cite web | last = Mincham | first = Julian | url = https://www.jsbachcantatas.com/documents/chapter-47-bwv-183--175 | title = Chapter 47 BWV 183 &175, each commencing with a recitative. | publisher = jsbachcantatas.com | year = 2010 | access-date = 7 September 2022 }}</ref>
<ref name="Robins">{{cite web | last = Robins | first = Brian | url = http://www.allmusic.com/work/cantata-no-175-er-rufet-seinen-schafen-mit-namen-bwv-175-bc-a89-c4071/description | title = Cantata No. 175, "Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen," BWV 175 | year = 2011 | access-date = 7 June 2011 | publisher = Allmusic }}</ref>
<ref name="Wolff">{{cite web |last = Wolff |first = Christoph |author-link = Christoph Wolff |url = http://www.pregardien.com/pdf/vol15.pdf |title = The transition between the second and the third yearly cycle of Bach's Leipzig cantatas (1725) |publisher = pregardien.com |access-date = 1 June 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110726205853/http://www.pregardien.com/pdf/vol15.pdf |archive-date = 26 July 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="chorale text">{{cite web | url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale104-Eng3.htm | title = O Gottes Geist, mein Trost und Ruh / Text and Translation of Chorale | publisher = Bach Cantatas Website | year = 2005 | access-date = 1 June 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="chorale melody">{{cite web | url = http://www.bach-cantatas.com/CM/Komm-Heiliger-Geist-Herre-Gott.htm | title = Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Komm, Heiliger Geist, Herre Gott | publisher = Bach Cantatas Website | year = 2006 | access-date = 1 June 2011 }}</ref>
}}
== Sources == * {{IMSLP2|work=Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen, BWV 175 (Bach, Johann Sebastian)|cname=Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen, BWV 175}} * [http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000213?lang=en Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen BWV 175; BC A 89 / Sacred cantata (3rd Day of Pentecost)] Bach Digital * [http://www.bach-cantatas.com/BWV175.htm Cantata BWV 175 Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen] history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion, Bach Cantatas Website * [http://www.bach.de/werk/bwv/175.html Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen] history, scoring, Bach website {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.uvm.edu/~classics/faculty/bach/BWV175.html BWV 175 Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen] English translation, University of Vermont * [http://webdocs.cs.ualberta.ca/~wfb/cantatas/175.html BWV 175 Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen] text, scoring, University of Alberta
{{Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach}} {{Bach cantatas}} {{authority control}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Er rufet seinen Schafen mit Namen'', BWV 175}}
Category:Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach Category:1725 compositions