Azoarcus

{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Azoarcus | authority = Reinhold-Hurek et al. 1993 | type_species = ''Azoarcus indigens'' | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''Azoarcus anaerobius'' ''Azoarcus buckelii'' ''Azoarcus communis'' ''Azoarcus evansii'' ''Azoarcus indigens'' ''Azoarcus olearius'' ''Azoarcus toluclasticus'' ''Azoarcus tolulyticus'' ''Azoarcus toluvorans'' }}

'''''Azoarcus''''' is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.<ref name="Reinhold-HurekHurek1993">{{cite journal|last1=Reinhold-Hurek|first1=B.|last2=Hurek|first2=T.|last3=Gillis|first3=M.|last4=Hoste|first4=B.|last5=Vancanneyt|first5=M.|last6=Kersters|first6=K.|last7=De Ley|first7=J.|title=Azoarcus gen. nov., Nitrogen-Fixing Proteobacteria Associated with Roots of Kallar Grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth), and Description of Two Species, Azoarcus indigens sp. nov. and Azoarcus communis sp. nov|journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology|volume=43|issue=3|year=1993|pages=574–584|issn=0020-7713|doi=10.1099/00207713-43-3-574|doi-access=free}}</ref> Species in this genus are usually found in contaminated water, as they are involved in the degradation of some contaminants, commonly inhabiting soil. These bacteria have also been found growing in the endophytic compartment (inside the plant between the living cells) of some rice species and other grasses.<ref>Raven Biology of Plants 8th Edition. Freeman</ref> The genus is within the family ''Zoogloeaceae'' in the ''Rhodocyclales'' of the ''Betaproteobacteria''.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Boden, R |author2=Hutt, LP |author3=Rae AW | year = 2017 | title = Reclassification of ''Thiobacillus aquaesulis'' (Wood & Kelly, 1995) as ''Annwoodia aquaesulis'' gen. nov., comb. nov., transfer of ''Thiobacillus'' (Beijerinck, 1904) from the ''Hydrogenophilales'' to the ''Nitrosomonadales'', proposal of ''Hydrogenophilalia'' class. nov. within the 'Proteobacteria', and four new families within the orders ''Nitrosomonadales'' and ''Rhodocyclales'' | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 67 | issue = 5 | pages = 1191–1205 | doi = 10.1099/ijsem.0.001927| pmid = 28581923 | doi-access = free | hdl = 10026.1/8740 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

Many studies reported this genus about its potential extracellular electron uptake metabolism and has been found in the cathodic part of many microbial fuel cells, notably in nitrate and oxygen reducing bio-cathodes biofilms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Philippon |first1=Timothé |last2=Tian |first2=Jianghao |last3=((Bureau)) |first3=Chrystelle |last4=Chaumont |first4=Cédric |last5=Midoux |first5=Cédric |last6=Tournebize |first6=Julien |last7=Bouchez |first7=Théodore |last8=Barrière |first8=Frédéric |date=August 2021 |title=Denitrifying bio-cathodes developed from constructed wetland sediments exhibit electroactive nitrate reducing biofilms dominated by the genera Azoarcus and Pontibacter |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1567539421000827 |journal=Bioelectrochemistry |language=en |volume=140 |article-number=107819 |doi=10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107819 |issn=1567-5394 |pmid=33894567 |s2cid=233390050 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jiawei|first1=Yang|last2=Shaoan|first2=Cheng|date=2018-12-20|title=Effects of Using Anode Biofilm and Cathode Biofilm Bacteria as Inoculum on the Start-up, Electricity Generation, and Microbial Community of Air-Cathode Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells|url=http://www.pjoes.com/Effects-of-Using-Anode-Biofilm-and-Cathode-nBiofilm-Bacteria-as-Inoculum-on-the-Start,81700,0,2.html|journal=Polish Journal of Environmental Studies|language=english|volume=28|issue=2|pages=693–700|doi=10.15244/pjoes/81700|issn=1230-1485|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shehab|first1=Noura|last2=Li|first2=Dong|last3=Amy|first3=Gary L.|last4=Logan|first4=Bruce E.|last5=Saikaly|first5=Pascal E.|date=November 2013|title=Characterization of bacterial and archaeal communities in air-cathode microbial fuel cells, open circuit and sealed-off reactors|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00253-013-5025-4|journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology|language=en|volume=97|issue=22|pages=9885–9895|doi=10.1007/s00253-013-5025-4|pmid=23775270|bibcode=2013ApMB...97.9885S|s2cid=205928|issn=0175-7598|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== *{{cite journal |vauthors=Hurek T, Reinhold-Hurek B |title=Identification of grass-associated and toluene-degrading diazotrophs, Azoarcus spp., by analyses of partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |volume=61 |issue=6 |pages=2257–61 |date=June 1995 |doi=10.1128/aem.61.6.2257-2261.1995 |pmid=7793946 |pmc=167497 |bibcode=1995ApEnM..61.2257H |url=}} *Whitman, William B., et al., eds. Bergey's manual® of systematic bacteriology. Vol. 2. Springer, 2012. *{{cite book |author1=Falkow, Stanley |author2=Dworkin, Martin |title=The prokaryotes: a handbook on the biology of bacteria |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-387-25495-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/The_Prokaryotes_Vol._1_Symbiotic_Associations_Biotechnology_Applied_Microbiology}} *{{cite book |author1=Malik, Kauser A. |author2=Ladha, J. K. |author3=Bruijn, F. J. de |title=Opportunities for biological nitrogen fixation in rice and other non-legumes: papers presented at the second working group meeting of the frontier project on nitrogen fixation in rice held at the National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan, 13-15 October 1996 |publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers |location=Boston |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-7923-4514-5 }}

==External links== *[https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/azoarcus LPSN] *{{EOL}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Azoarcus}} Category:Bacteria genera Category:Zoogloeaceae Category:Betaproteobacteria Category:Rhodocyclales