{{Short description|Persian-language newspaper published in Iran (1967–1979)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}} {{Infobox newspaper | logo = Ayandegan.jpg | type = | format = | owner = | founder = Daryoush Homayoun | publisher = | president = | editor = Daryoush Homayoun (1967–1977) | chief_editor = | founded = 16 December 1967 | political_position = Iranian nationalism<br/>Liberalism (Iranian) | language = Persian | ceased_publication = 8 August 1979 | relaunched = | headquarters = Tehran | publishing_city = | publishing_country = Iran | circulation = | circulation_date = | circulation_ref = | readership = | sister_newspapers = | website = | ISSN = | eISSN = | oclc = | RNI = }} {{Liberalism in Iran|Media}} '''''Ayandegan''''' ({{langx|fa|آیندگان}} lit. "The Future People") was one of the most influential and popular daily newspapers in Iran during Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's rule. It was the first morning daily paper of Iran.<ref name=fink20>{{cite thesis|author=A.H. Fink|title=The importance of conspiracy theory in extremist ideology and propaganda|url=https://hdl.handle.net/1887/87359|location=Leiden University |degree=PhD|year=2020|hdl=1887/87359|page=395}}</ref> It had an independent and critical stance.<ref name=nmn/><ref>{{cite journal|author=James A. Bill|title=The Plasticity of Informal Politics: The Case of Iran|journal=The Middle East Journal|date=Spring 1973|volume=27|issue=2 |page=147|jstor=4325054}}</ref> The paper was also a liberal<ref name=mehko/> and nationalist publication in the Pahlavi period.<ref name=fink20/>
==History and profile== ''Ayandegan'' was founded in 1967 by Daryoush Homayoun, and its first issue appeared on 16 December that year.<ref name="hos">{{cite book |author=Hossein Shahidi|title=Journalism in Iran: From Mission to Profession|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MLLywtI-_n0C&pg=PA33|year=2007 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-09391-5|page=33|location=London; New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author1=L. P. Elwell-Sutton |author2=P. Mohajer|title=Ayandagan|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ayandagan-newspaper|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |volume=III|pages=132–133|issue=2|date=15 December 1987}}</ref> From its start in 1967 to 1977 Homayoun edited the paper,<ref>{{cite web |title=Homayoun, Daryush|url=http://fis-iran.org/en/oralhistory/homayun-daryush|work=Foundation for Iranian Studies|access-date=19 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520045132/http://fis-iran.org/en/oralhistory/homayun-daryush |archive-date=20 May 2015}}</ref> which held a liberal stance.<ref name=hos/> The paper had its headquarters in Tehran.<ref name=hos/>
In the immediate aftermath of the 1979 revolution, ''Ayandegan'' enjoyed higher levels of circulation selling 400,000 copies.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Asef Bayat|author-link=Asef Bayat|title=Revolution without Movement, Movement without Revolution: Comparing Islamic Activism in Iran and Egypt|journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History|year=1998|volume=40|issue=1|page=152|jstor=179392 |doi=10.1017/S0010417598980057|s2cid=54197847 }}</ref> However, the paper was banned on 12 May 1979 due to its criticisms over the Islamic government's censorship and limitations on the freedom of press.<ref name=nmn>{{cite journal|author=Nicholas M. Nikazmerad|title=A Chronological Survey of the Iranian Revolution|journal=Iranian Studies|year=1980|volume=13|issue=1/4|page=356,360 |jstor=4310346|doi=10.1080/00210868008701575}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Chronology February 16, 1979-May 15, 1979|journal=The Middle East Journal|date=Summer 1979|volume=33|issue=3|page=357|jstor=4325879}}</ref> In fact, on the same day the paper published three empty pages to protest over the statements of Ayatullah Khomeini who declared that he would not read ''Ayandegan''.<ref name=mehko>{{cite book |author1=Mehrzad Boroujerdi|author2=Kourosh Rahimkhani|title=Postrevolutionary Iran. A Political Handbook|date=2018|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, NY|isbn=978-0815635741|page=10|url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/postrevolutionary-iran-a-political-handbook}}</ref> Soon after this incident Ayatullah Khomeini stated that the paper was both depraved and deviationist.<ref name=nmn/> Then the revolutionary prosecutor closed the newspaper on 8 August 1979.<ref>[http://www.iranchamber.com/history/islamic_revolution/revolution_and_iran_after1979_1.php Revolution and Iran after 1979] Iran Chamber.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Houchang E. Chehabi|title=Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini|location=Ithaca, NY|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJEIQbUnGyYC&pg=PA268|year=1990|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-85043-198-5|page=268|author-link=Houchang Chehabi}}</ref> The staff were also arrested.<ref name=nmn/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *{{Commons-inline}}
{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ayandegan}} Category:1967 establishments in Iran Category:1979 disestablishments in Iran Category:Banned newspapers Category:Censorship in Iran Category:Daily newspapers published in Iran Category:Defunct daily newspapers Category:Defunct newspapers published in Iran Category:Defunct Persian-language newspapers Category:Iranian nationalism Category:Liberal media in Iran Category:Newspapers disestablished in 1979 Category:Newspapers established in 1967 Category:Newspapers published in Tehran Category:Pahlavi Iran