Awali (river)

{{short description|River in Lebanon}} {{Infobox river | name = Awali | image = نهر الأولي 7.jpg | image_caption = Awali river | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 10 | source1_location = Barouk and Niha mountains, Lebanon | mouth_location = the Mediterranean | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Lebanon | length_km = 48 | source1_elevation = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|10.1625|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | basin_size_km2 = 294 | extra = | coord = {{coord|33.5888|N|35.3860|E|source:wikidata|display=inline,title}} }}

The '''Awali''' ({{langx|ar|نهر الأولي}} / ALA-LC: ''Nahr al-Awalī'', ancient '''Bostrenus''' / Bostrenos)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Renan|first=Ernest|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YcXoDv-4HY8C|title=Mission de Phénicie dirigée par Ernest Renan: Texte|date=1864|publisher=Impr. impériale|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=506|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lipiński|first=Edward|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bOcR5DZoeiMC|title=Dictionnaire de la civilisation phénicienne et punique|date=1992|publisher=Brepols|year=|isbn=978-2-503-50033-1|location=|pages=77|language=fr}}</ref> is a perennial river flowing in Southern Lebanon.<ref>{{Cite conference|publisher=Ministry of Environment |last=Lebanese Ministry of Environment |title=Lebanon State of the Environment Report |location=Beirut |accessdate=2010-08-03 |date=2008 |url=http://www.moe.gov.lb/SiteCollectionDocuments/www.moe.gov.lb/Reports/SOER2002/Chap%208.%20Water%20.pdf |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721075326/http://www.moe.gov.lb/SiteCollectionDocuments/www.moe.gov.lb/Reports/SOER2002/Chap%208.%20Water%20.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-21 }}</ref> In ancient times, it was known as the Asclepius River. The Awali, which is {{convert|48|km|mi}} long, originates from the Barouk mountain at an elevation of {{convert|1492|m|ft}} and from the Niha mountain. Two tributaries, the Barouk and Aaray rivers, supplement the Awali. The river is also called the Bisri river in its upper section. It flows along the western face of Mount Lebanon and empties into the Mediterranean. The Awali has a discharge rate of approximately {{convert|10.1625|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} and drains a watershed covering about {{convert|294|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite conference | publisher = Ministry of Environment | pages = 55 | last = Arab Resource Development | title = INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CAMP AREA WITH DEMONSTRATIONS IN DAMOUR, SARAFAND AND NAQOURA MUNICIPALITIES | location = Beirut | accessdate = 2010-08-03 | date = 2003 | url = http://www.pap-thecoastcentre.org/pdfs/IWRM%20Final%20report.pdf }}</ref> The river flows into Joun Lake, part of the Bisri Dam project aimed at improving the region’s fresh water supply.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdr.gov.lb/study/bisri/L12002-0100D-RPT-PM-02%20REV%205%20volume%201.pdf|title=Greater Beirut Water Supply Augmentation Project: Environment and Social Impact Assessment}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ray, Kirshen and Vogel|first=Patrick A., Paul H., and Richard M.|date=2010|title=Integrated Optimization of Dual Quality Water and Wastewater System|journal=Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management|volume=136|pages=11|via=ascelibrary}}</ref> A significant portion of funding for the Bisri Dam project, provided by the World Bank, was canceled in September 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Q&A: Bisri Dam Project Cancelation|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2020/09/04/bisri-dam-project-cancelation|access-date=2021-02-09|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Rivers of Lebanon