{{Short description|Genus of grasses}} {{Use Australian English|date=July 2024}} {{automatic taxobox |name = Speargrass |image = Austrostipa nodosa dried seeds.jpg |image_caption = ''Austrostipa nodosa'' |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Austrostipa |authority = S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett |type_species = ''Austrostipa mollis'' |type_species_authority = (R.Br.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett }} {{commons category|Austrostipa}}
'''''Austrostipa''''' is a primarily Australian genus of plants in the grass family, commonly called '''speargrass.'''<ref>Jacobs, Surrey Wilfrid Laurance & Everett, Joy 1996. Telopea 6: 579–595</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://delta-intkey.com/grass/www/au_stipa.htm |title=The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references |accessdate=2009-08-19 |author=Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. |year=2008 |work=The Grass Genera of the World |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606065813/http://delta-intkey.com/grass/www/au_stipa.htm |archivedate=2011-06-06 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=AUSTROSTIPA Australian Plant Name Index (APNI): ''Austrostipa'']</ref><ref>[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&search=yes&namesearch=Austrostipa&dist= PlantNET: New South Wales Flora Online: ''Austrostipa'']</ref>
The genus includes species formerly included in the genus ''Stipa.'' All known species are native to Australia, most of them found nowhere else. One species ''(A. variabilis)'' is, however, found in South Africa as well as in Australia, and two species ''(A. setacea'' and ''A. stipoides)'' are native to Australia and New Zealand.<ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=397199 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref> The group likely originated in Australia approximately 20 million years ago.<ref>Syme, A. E. (2012). Diversification rates in the Australasian endemic grass ''Austrostipa'' - 15 million years of constant evolution. "Plant Systematics and Evolution" 298 (1):221-227.</ref>
; Species<ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=397199 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>[http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/search/quick?PHPSESSID=b0b1b1c579775f9dc72303446a1cfe94&q=Austrostipa FloraBase - The Western Australian flora online: ''Austrostipa''] — list of species</ref><ref>[http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:biodiversity.org.au:apni.taxon:348446 Atlas of Living Australia, ''Austrostipa'' S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett Spear-grasses]</ref> {{columns-list|colwidth=22em| * ''Austrostipa acrociliata'' * ''Austrostipa aphylla'' * ''Austrostipa aquarii'' * ''Austrostipa aristiglumis'' * ''Austrostipa bigeniculata'' * ''Austrostipa blackii'' * ''Austrostipa blakei'' * ''Austrostipa breviglumis'' * ''Austrostipa bronwenae'' * ''Austrostipa campylachne'' * ''Austrostipa centralis'' * ''Austrostipa compressa'' * ''Austrostipa crinita'' * ''Austrostipa curticoma'' * ''Austrostipa densiflora'' * ''Austrostipa dongicola'' * ''Austrostipa drummondii'' * ''Austrostipa echinata'' * ''Austrostipa elegantissima'' (feather speargrass) * ''Austrostipa eremophila'' * ''Austrostipa exilis'' * ''Austrostipa feresetacea'' * ''Austrostipa flavescens'' (coast speargrass) * ''Austrostipa geoffreyi'' * ''Austrostipa gibbosa'' * ''Austrostipa hemipogon'' * ''Austrostipa jacobsiana'' * ''Austrostipa juncifolia'' * ''Austrostipa lanata'' * ''Austrostipa macalpinei'' * ''Austrostipa metatoris'' * ''Austrostipa mollis'' (soft speargrass) * ''Austrostipa muelleri'' * ''Austrostipa multispiculis'' * ''Austrostipa mundula'' * ''Austrostipa nitida'' * ''Austrostipa nivicola'' * ''Austrostipa nodosa'' * ''Austrostipa nullanulla'' (club speargrass) * ''Austrostipa nullarborensis'' * ''Austrostipa oligostachya'' * ''Austrostipa petraea'' * ''Austrostipa pilata'' * ''Austrostipa platychaeta'' (flatawn speargrass) * ''Austrostipa plumigera'' * ''Austrostipa puberula'' * ''Austrostipa pubescens'' * ''Austrostipa pubinodis'' * ''Austrostipa pycnostachya'' * ''Austrostipa ramosissima'' (stout bamboo grass) * ''Austrostipa rudis'' * ''Austrostipa scabra'' (speargrass) * ''Austrostipa semibarbata'' * ''Austrostipa setacea'' (corkscrew grass) * ''Austrostipa stipoides'' (prickly speargrass) * ''Austrostipa stuposa'' * ''Austrostipa tenuifolia'' * ''Austrostipa trichophylla'' * ''Austrostipa tuckeri'' * ''Austrostipa variabilis'' * ''Austrostipa velutina'' * ''Austrostipa verticillata'' (slender bamboo grass) * ''Austrostipa vickeryana'' * ''Austrostipa wakoolica'' }}
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
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Category:Austrostipa Category:Bunchgrasses of Australasia Category:Poaceae genera
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