{{Short description|Overview of the hybrid vehicles by Audi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Update|date=April 2025}}

[[Image:Audi metroproject quattro concept.JPG|thumb|200px|The [[Audi A1|Audi metroproject quattro]], a [[concept vehicle]] showcasing Audi hybrid technology]] '''Audi hybrid vehicles''' are [[hybrid electric vehicle]]s created by the German carmaker, [[Audi]]. Some vehicles listed were [[concept vehicle]]s, which utilised an [[internal combustion engine]] and an [[electric motor]], and were used for [[research and development]] (R&D) for potential future use of the technology into possible [[mass production|series production]]. Audi launched its first hybrid concept car in 1989 called the '''Audi Duo''', and was the first European company to sell a hybrid in 1997, though only in very small numbers.

==Audi Duo== The original Audi Duo (styled duo) was created in 1989 and was first shown at the [[Frankfurt Motor Show]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Youngtimer als Pionier der Hybridtechnik|url=http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/eco/audi-100-avant-duo-von-1989-youngtimer-als-pionier-der-hybridtechnik-1016386.html|work=Auto Motor und Sport|accessdate=28 December 2012|date=16 April 2009}}</ref> and was based on the [[Audi 100#C3|Audi C3 100 Avant]]. It was a [[petrol engine]]/electric hybrid concept vehicle. It was powered {{convert|100|kW|PS bhp|0|lk=on|adj=on}} five-cylinder petrol engine that drove the front wheels, and a part-time electric motor that could be activated when the vehicle was stationary, developing {{convert|9|kW|PS bhp|0|lk=off|adj=on}} and drove the rear wheels. It used nickel-cadmium batteries.<ref name="audi official">{{cite web|title=The Audi duo|url=https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/public/hintergrundberichte/2011/10/27/ten_million_units/the_audi_duo.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729114024/https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/public/hintergrundberichte/2011/10/27/ten_million_units/the_audi_duo.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=29 July 2013|work=Audi Media Services|accessdate=28 December 2012|date=27 October 2010}}</ref>

==Audi 100 Duo II== [[Audi 100#Audi Duo|Audi 100 Duo]] second generation concept car was introduced in 1991. It featured Audi's "trademark" [[quattro (four wheel drive system)|quattro]] permanent [[four-wheel drive]] system. Powered by a four-cylinder 2.0 L engine with {{convert|85|kW|PS bhp|0|lk=off|adj=off}}), with a {{convert|21|kW|PS bhp|0|lk=off|adj=off}} electric motor for the rear wheels when required. In electric mode the front axle was disconnected, and in this mode the Duo could reach a claimed top speed of {{convert|65|km/h|mi/h|1|abbr=on}} and the sodium-sulfur battery sufficient for 80&nbsp;km (49.71 miles).<ref name="audi official"/>

==Audi A4 Duo III== The Audi Duo III was introduced in 1997, based on the [[Audi A4#B5|Audi A4 Avant]], and was the only Duo to ever make it into series production.<ref name=HybridCarHist>{{cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/history/history-of-hybrid-vehicles.html |title=History of Hybrid Vehicles |publisher=HybridCars.com |date=27 March 2006 |accessdate=21 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904154040/http://www.hybridcars.com/history/history-of-hybrid-vehicles.html |archivedate=4 September 2009 }}</ref> The Duo III used the {{convert|1.9|litre|cuin|adj=on}} [[Turbocharged Direct Injection]] (TDI) [[diesel engine]] producing {{convert|66|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on|lk=off|adj=off}}, which was coupled with a {{convert|21|kW|PS bhp|0|abbr=on|lk=off|adj=off}} water-cooled electric motor. Both engine and motor powered the front wheels only, unlike the two previous concept Duos. There was a switch inside the cabin for changing between the electric motor and the engine. The batteries would be recharged during highway or country driving, or by plugging the car into an AC power outlet. The electric motor could also recover energy during deceleration and in electric mode the Duo had a range of approximately 50 kilometers (31.07 miles) and a top speed of {{convert|80|km/h|mi/h|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="audi official"/>

The hybrid was unable to achieve [[fuel economy in automobiles|fuel efficiency]] much greater than the standard [[list of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines#1.9 TDI 66-81kW|1.9 TDI]], due to the extra weight the lead gelatin batteries added. There was little demand for this hybrid due to its high price, and thus only about 100 Duos were produced. The Duo was the first European hybrid ever put into production and Audi would not sell another hybrid until early 2011.<ref name=HybridCarHist/>

==Audi Q7 hybrid 4.2 FSI quattro== {{main|Audi Q7}} Audi unveiled the [[Audi Q7|Audi Q7 hybrid 4.2 FSI quattro]], which uses their [[gasoline direct injection|Fuel Stratified Injection]] (FSI) [[list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines#BAR|4.2-litre V8 engine]], at the 2005 [[Frankfurt Motor Show]]. Audi had planned to have the Q7 hybrid as a part of their 2008 model range, but never did.

==Audi metroproject quattro== {{see also|Audi A1}} The metroproject quattro is a [[supermini|supermini/sub-compact]], and was shown to the public at the 2007 [[Tokyo Motor Show]].<ref name=GCC_A1>{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/10/audi-introduces.html|title=Audi Introduces Metroproject Quattro Sub-Compact Plug-In Hybrid Concept at Tokyo Show|work=BioAge Group, LLC.|publisher=GreenCarCongress.com|date=24 October 2007|accessdate=14 November 2009}}</ref> Under the bonnet/hood is a 1.4-litre TSI petrol engine, producing {{convert|110|kW|PS bhp|0|lk=on}}.<ref name=GCC_A1/> This will distribute its [[torque]] of {{convert|240|Nm|0|lk=on}} to the front wheels via an 'S tronic' [[Direct-Shift Gearbox]].<ref name=GCC_A1/> However, in the back of the car, beneath a [[poly(methyl methacrylate)|perspex]] peephole, is a {{convert|30|kW|PS bhp|0}} [[electric motor]] which drives the rear [[axle]], and can generate an additional {{convert|200|Nm|0}} of torque, designed to create a [[zero emission]]s driving<ref name=GCC_A1/> experience in residential or city areas, and increase [[torque]] while the [[list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines#1.4TSI|1.4 TSI engine]] is accelerating.

A [[lithium-ion battery]] pack supports a [[Range (vehicle)|range]] of up to {{convert|100|km|0}}.<ref name=GCC_A1/> In electric mode, the car has a top speed of more than {{convert|100|km/h|0}}.<ref name=GCC_A1/> When both the engine and electric motors are working in unison, the car is transformed into a genuine quattro, with a combined torque output of {{convert|440|Nm|0}} being shared between all four wheels.<ref name=GCC_A1/> [[start-stop system|Stop-start]] technology will be utilised,<ref name=GCC_A1/> as will [[regenerative brake|regenerative braking]]. As a result, Audi claim a 15% improvement in [[fuel efficiency]] when compared to exclusive use of the internal combustion engine.<ref name=GCC_A1/>

The A1 started production in 2010 but without a hybrid. There are also no plans to add such later; instead Audi plan an all-electric version.

==Audi Q5 hybrid== The [[Audi Q5#Audi Q5 hybrid|Q5]] is Audi's first large-scale production hybrid model on sale, first announced at the end of 2010, and sales started during 2011. Powered by a 2.0-litre TFSI turbocharged and direct injected petrol engine, producing 208&nbsp;bhp, and a {{convert|33|kW|PS bhp|0|lk=on|adj=on}} electric motor providing a combined total output for the hybrid system is 241&nbsp;bhp and 354&nbsp;lb ft. Drive goes to all four wheels, and the gearbox is an eight-speed automatic, but without a [[torque converter]] as the electric motor also acts as a starter motor and as a generator. The 1.3&nbsp;kWh lithium-ion battery sits under the boot floor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Audi Q5 Hybrid Quattro (2011)|url=http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/Drives/Search-Results/First-drives/Audi-Q5-Hybrid-Quattro-2011-CAR-review/|work=Car|accessdate=28 December 2012|date=12 January 2011}}</ref>

==Other concept models== Other Audi hybrid electric vehicles include: *[[Audi A1]] Hybrid<ref>[http://www.audinewcar.com/2011/01/audi-a1-hybrid-concept.html Audi New Car January 2011] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707184759/http://www.audinewcar.com/2011/01/audi-a1-hybrid-concept.html |date=7 July 2011 }}</ref> *[[Audi A4]] TDI concept e

==Other production models== [[File:Audi A8 2.0 T Hybrid (Frankfurt Motor Show - IAA 2011).jpeg|thumb|right|Audi A8 hybrid at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2011]] * Audi A6 hybrid (2011), 2.0 TFSI petrol engine and 53&nbsp;bhp electric motor, generates a maximum 242&nbsp;bhp.<ref>{{cite web|title=Audi A6 Saloon Hybrid driven|url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/audi/a6-saloon/road-test/hybrid-driven|work=Top Gear|accessdate=28 December 2012|date=November 2011|archive-date=28 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428051326/http://www.topgear.com/uk/audi/a6-saloon/road-test/hybrid-driven|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Audi A8 hybrid (2012), 2.0 TFSI petrol engine and 53&nbsp;bhp electric motor, generates a total 262&nbsp;bhp<ref>{{cite web|title=Audi A8 Hybrid (2012)|url=http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/Drives/Search-Results/First-drives/Audi-A8-Hybrid-2012-CAR-review/|work=Car|accessdate=28 December 2012|date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

== Audi Q8 == [[File:Audi Q8 Sport Concept (411).jpg|thumb|right|[[Audi Q8]] concept]] [[Audi Q8]] Engine 3.0 V6 TFSI (333 h.p.) + E-tron = 448 h.p. ==Batteries== Audi is planning an alliance with the Japanese electronic company [[Sanyo]] to develop a pilot hybrid project for the [[Volkswagen Group]]. The alliance could result in Sanyo [[battery (electricity)|batteries]] and other electronic components being used in future models of the Volkswagen Group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2008/05/28/volkswagen-expanding-battery-cooperation-with-sanyo/ |title= Volkswagen expanding battery cooperation with Sanyo |publisher=Autoblog.com}}</ref>

==See also== *[[List of hybrid vehicles]] *[[Audi e-tron (brand)]]

==References== {{reflist}}

{{Audi}} {{Audi vehicles timeline (Europe)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Audi Hybrid Vehicles}} [[Category:Audi concept vehicles|H]] [[Category:Hybrid electric vehicles]]