Astralium

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Astralium calcar 01.JPG | image_caption = Several views of ''Astralium calcar'' | display_parents = 3 | taxon = Astralium | authority = Link, 1807<ref>Link (1807). ''Beschr. Nat. Samml. Univ. Rostock'' (3): 135.</ref> | synonyms = * ''Astraea (Astralium)'' Link, 1807 * ''Astraea (Calcar)'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Astraea (Cyclocantha)'' Swainson, 1840 * ''Astralium (Calcar)'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Astralium (Cyclocantha)'' Swainson, 1840 * ''Astralium (Distellifer)'' Iredale, 1937 superseded combination * ''Astralium (Foliastralium)'' T. Habe & Okutani, 1980 · alternative representation * ''Calcar'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Cyclocantha'' Swainson, 1840 * ''Distellifer'' Iredale, 1937 * ''Foliastralium'' Habe & Okutani, 1980 * ''Macropelmus'' Gistel, 1848 (Unnecessary substitute name for Calcar Montfort, 1810) * ''Okinawastraea'' Habe & Okutani, 1981 * ''Pagocalcar'' Iredale, 1937 * ''Rugastella'' Iredale, 1937 * ''Stella'' P. Fischer, 1885 * ''Trochus (Calcar)'' Montfort, 1810 superseded rank * ''Turbo (Calcar)'' Montfort, 1810 | type_species = ''Turbo calcar'' | type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 }}

'''''Astralium''''', common name star snails, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails and star snails.<ref name="WoRMS">Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Astralium'' Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204985 on 2012-09-09</ref>

==Description== In ''Astralium'' a very rapidly enlarging whorl starts from the multispiral nucleus, forming far the greater portion of the operculum, and usually leaving a pit at the starting point.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/77914 G.W. Tryon (1888), Manual of Conchology X; Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia]</ref>

==Distribution== This marine genus has a wide distribution ranging from the Eastern Indian Ocean to China and Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East India, the Maldives and Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia).

== Species== According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species are included within the genus ''Astralium'' :<ref>[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist WoRMS : Astralium]</ref> * † ''Astralium aquitanicum'' Benoist, 1874 * ''Astralium asteriscus'' (Reeve, 1843) * ''Astralium bichlinhorum'' Thach, 2023 * † ''Astralium biserialis'' (K. Martin, 1884) * ''Astralium calcar'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Astralium confragosum'' (Gould, 1851) * ''Astralium danieli'' (Alf & Kreipl, 2006) * ''Astralium dekkeri'' (Thach, 2018) * † ''Astralium ena'' Tomida, Inoue & Kase, 2022 † * † ''Astralium eniwetokense'' (Ladd, 1966) † * † ''Astralium girondinum'' (A. d'Orbigny, 1842) * ''Astralium haematragum'' (Menke, 1829) * † ''Astralium hayakawai'' (Kanno, 1958) * ''Astralium heimburgi'' (Dunker, 1882) * ''Astralium lapillus'' Reeve, 1863 * ''Astralium latispina'' (Philippi, 1844) * † ''Astralium loochooensis'' (MacNeil, 1961) * ''Astralium milloni'' (B. Salvat, F. Salvat & Richard, 1973) * ''Astralium nakamineae'' (Habe & Okutani, 1981) * ''Astralium okamotoi'' Kuroda & Habe, 1961 * ''Astralium pileolum'' (Reeve, 1842) * † ''Astralium proprium'' (Hatai & Kotaka, 1952) * ''Astralium provisorium'' Schepman, 1908 * ''Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astralium rotularium'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astralium saturnum'' Chino, 1999 * ''Astralium semicostatum'' (Kiener, 1850) * ''Astralium stellare'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Astralium tentoriiforme'' (Jonas, 1845) * ''Astralium tentorium'' (Thiele, 1930) * † ''Astralium verbeeki'' Icke, 1907 * ''Astralium wallisi'' (Iredale, 1937) * † ''Astralium waluense'' (Ladd, 1966) * ''Astralium yamamurae'' Habe & Kosuge, 1966

Another number of species are also mentioned in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database :<ref>[http://clade.ansp.org/obis/search.php/7197 OBIS : Astralium]</ref> * ''Astralium turcicus'' Reeve, 1848 {{cn|date=November 2025}}

==Synonyms== * ''Astralium abyssorum'' Schepman, 1908: synonym of ''Bolma henica'' (Watson, 1885) * ''Astralium americanum'' (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of ''Lithopoma americanum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Astralium andersoni'' E.A. Smith, 1902: synonym of ''Bolma andersoni'' (E. A. Smith, 1902) * ''Astralium aureolum'' Hedley, 1907: synonym of ''Bolma aureola'' (Hedley, 1907) * ''Astralium aureum'' (Jonas, 1844): synonym of ''Bellastraea aurea'' (Jonas, 1844) *'' Astralium bathyrhaphe'' Smith, 1899: synonym of ''Bolma bathyraphis'' (E. A. Smith, 1899) * ''Astralium brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''Lithopoma brevispina'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astralium cepoides'' E.A. Smith, 1880: synonym of ''Turbo cepoides'' E.A. Smith, 1880 * ''Astralium deplanatum'' Link, H.F., 1807: synonym of ''Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Astralium fimbriatum'' Tryon, 1888: synonym of ''Bellastraea squamifera'' (Iredale, 1924) * † ''Astralium flindersi'' Tenison Woods, 1877: synonym of † ''Bolma flindersi'' (Tenison Woods, 1877) (superseded combination) * ''Astralium gilchristi'' G.B. Sowerby III, 1903: synonym of ''Bolma bathyraphis'' (E. A. Smith, 1899) * ''Astralium guadeloupense'' Crosse, H., 1865: synonym of ''Lithopoma tectum'' (Lightfoot, 1786) * ''Astralium johnstoni'' Odhner, 1923: synonym of ''Bolma johnstoni'' (Odhner, 1923) * ''Astralium longispinum'' (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of ''Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798) (junior subjective synonym) * ''Astralium mactanense'' Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of ''Astralium lapillus'' Reeve, 1863 * ''Astralium moniliferum'' Hedley & Willey, 1896: synonym of ''Guildfordia monilifera'' (Hedley & Willey, 1896) * ''Astralium ornatissimum'' Tenison Woods, 1877: synonym of † ''Bolma crassigranosa'' (Tenison Woods, 1877) * ''Astralium phoebium'' (Röding, 1798): synonym of ''Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Astralium plicatospinosum'' Pilsbry, 1889: synonym of ''Astralium confragosum'' (Gould, 1851) * ''Astralium pyramidale'' W. H. Webster, 1905: synonym of ''Cookia sulcata'' ([Lightfoot], 1786) (junior subjective synonym) * ''Astralium roseobasis'' Kreipl & Dekker, 2003: synonym of ''Astralium provisorium'' (Schepman, 1903) * ''Astralium rugosum'' (Linnaeus, 1767): synonym of ''Bolma rugosa'' (Linnaeus, 1767) (superseded combination) * ''Astralium rutidoloma'' (Tate, 1893) synonym of ''Bellastraea rutidoloma'' (Tate, 1893) * ''Astralium semicostatum'' (P. Fischer, 1875): synonym of ''Astralium semicostatum'' (Kiener, 1850) * ''Astralium squamiferum'' (Koch, 1844): synonym of ''Bellastraea squamifera'' (Koch, 1844) * ''Astralium tayloriana'' Odhner, 1923: synonym of ''Bolma tayloriana'' (E. A. Smith, 1880) * ''Astralium titania'' Röding, P.F., 1798: synonym of ''Lithopoma phoebium'' (Röding, 1798) * ''Astralium triumphans'' (Philippi, 1841): synonym of ''Guildfordia triumphans'' (Philippi, 1841) * ''Astralium tuberosum'' (Philippi): synonym of ''Astralium rhodostomum'' (Lamarck, 1822) * ''Astralium (Bolma) modestus'' var. ''girgyllus'' (Reeve, 1843): synonym of ''Bolma modesta'' (Reeve, 1843)

<gallery> File:Astralium lapillus 002.jpg|''Astralium lapillus'' File:Astralium mactanense 003.jpg|''Astralium lapillus'' </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Astralium}} * {{Gastropods.com|key=3|id=323|title=''Lithopoma phoebium''|access-date=15 January 2019}} * [http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/de/dms/load/toc/?PPN=PPN616091923 Link, D. H. F. (1807-1808). ''Beschreibung der Naturalien-Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock''. Rostock, Adlers Erben. 1 Abt. [Part 1], pp. 1–50; 2 Abt. [Part 2], pp. 51–100; 3 Abt. [Part 3], pp. 101–165; Abt. 4 [Part 4],pp. 1–30; Abt. 5 [Part 5], pp. 1–38 [1808]; Abt. 6 [Part 6], pp. 1–38]

Category:Astralium Category:Turbinidae Category:Gastropod genera