Astra (missile)

{{Short description|Indian beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile}} {{for|the naval surface-to-air variant of the missile|VL-SRSAM|}} {{pp-extended|small=yes}} {{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox weapon | name = Astra | image = File:Astrabvraam.png | image_size = 300 | alt = | caption = Astra Mk-1 | type = Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile | origin = India | is_missile = yes <-- Service history --> | service = {{start date|2019}}–present | used_by = *Indian Air Force *Indian Navy | wars = 2025 India–Pakistan conflict | designer = Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDO) | design_date = | manufacturer = Bharat Dynamics Limited | unit_cost = Mk-1: {{INRConvert|7-8|c}}<ref name="Deal for desi Astra Mk 1 sealed"/> | production_date = 2017 − Present | variants = *Mk-1 (Operational) *Mk-2 (LSP) *Mk-3 (Trial-phase) *VL-SRSAM (Trial-phase) | engine = *Mk-1: Solid-propellant rocket *Mk-2: Dual-thrust pulsed rocket motor *Mk-3: Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet | spec_label = | weight = {{cvt|154|kg}} | length = {{cvt|3.84|m}} | width = | height = | diameter = {{cvt|178|mm}} | filling = High-explosive pre-fragmented HMX/PU<ref name="livefistdefence.com">{{cite web |last1=Aroor |first1=Shiv |title=How India's ASTRA Air-To-Air Missile Is Quietly Killing It |url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/2018/03/how-indias-astra-air-to-air-missile-is-quietly-killing-it.html |website=Livefist Defence |date=24 March 2018 |access-date=30 August 2020}}</ref> | filling_weight = {{cvt|15|kg}}<ref name="livefistdefence.com" /> | detonation = *Mk-1: Radio proximity fuze *Mk-2: Optical proximity fuze | yield =  | fuel_capacity = | vehicle_range = *Mk-1: {{cvt|110|km}}<ref name="Deal for desi Astra Mk 1 sealed" /> *Mk-2: {{cvt|240|km}}<ref name=":18" /> *Mk-3: {{cvt|350|km}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-07 |title=From missiles to glide bombs, India set to test several advanced weapon systems |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-all-set-to-test-several-homemade-weapon-systems/articleshow/91394150.cms |access-date=2023-08-05 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 2022-06-05 |title=With The 'Devil' Behind, India's Fastest Missile 'Astra' Can Down Enemy Jets At Almost Hypersonic Speeds |work=Eurasian Times |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/with-the-devil-india-fastest-missile-astra-can-hypersonic/ |access-date= 2023-08-05}}</ref> | speed = *Mk-1: Mach 4.5<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhardwaj |first1=Tarun |title=Deadly weapon! IAF successfully test-fires air-to-air missile Astra from Sukhoi-30 combat aircrafts [sic]|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/deadly-weapon-iaf-successfully-test-fires-air-to-air-missile-astra-from-sukhoi-30-combat-aircrafts/1708799/ |access-date=30 August 2020 |publisher=Financial Express |date=17 September 2019}}</ref> | guidance = '''Mid-course:''' FOG-INS + Mid-course update via datalink '''Terminal:''' ARH | wingspan = | propellant = Solid fuel | ceiling = {{cvt|20|km|ft}} | altitude = | accuracy = | launch_platform = *Su-30MKI<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=India orders Astra weapon in move to break dependence on foreign missiles |url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2022/06/02/india-orders-astra-weapon-in-move-to-break-dependence-on-foreign-missiles/ |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref> *MiG-29K *Tejas Mk.1/1A *MiG-29UPG (Trial-phase) *HAL Tejas Mk2 (Planned) *AMCA (Planned) *TEDBF (Planned) * Rafale Marine (Planned)<ref name=":2" /> | ref = <ref name="janes-6sep17">{{cite news|last1=Bedi|first1=Rahul|title=BDL begins initial build of Astra Mk1 BVRAAM|url=http://www.janes.com/article/73576/bdl-begins-initial-build-of-astra-mk1-bvraam|work=IHS Jane's Missiles & Rockets|publisher=Jane's Information Group|date=6 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906221508/http://www.janes.com/article/73576/bdl-begins-initial-build-of-astra-mk1-bvraam|archive-date=6 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=M. Somasekhar|title=Jaitley hands over long-range surface-to-air missile to Navy|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/jaitley-hands-over-longrange-surfacetoair-missile-to-navy/article9832349.ece|work=The Hindu Business Line|publisher=The Hindu Group|date=27 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="vayu-sep15"/><ref name="thehindu-22may15">{{cite news|title=Astra missile successfully tested again|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/astra-missile-successfully-testfired-again/article7233219.ece|author=Y. Mallikarjun|work=The Hindu|publisher=The Hindu Group|date=22 May 2015|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="SM">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/15-years-on-drdos-supersonic-missile-ready-for-iaf-fighters/articleshow/71355843.cms|title=15 years on, DRDO's supersonic missile ready for IAF fighters|last=Pandit|first=Rajat|date=29 September 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="CA" /> }}

'''Astra''' (Sanskrit: "Weapon") is a family of Indian all weather beyond-visual-range air-to-air missile (BVRAAM) developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation for the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. Multiple variants of this missile have been developed with engagement range varying from {{convert|500|m|mi|abbr=on}} to {{convert|340|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite news |title=What is Astra Missile ? |work=Business Standard India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/about/what-is-astra-missile#collapse |access-date=2022-07-25}}</ref> Astra Mk-1 has been integrated with the Sukhoi Su-30MKI fleet.<ref name="janes-6sep17" /> The missile will be integrated with the entire fighter fleet except the Dassault Mirage 2000 of the Indian Air Force as well as the Dassault Rafale fleet of the Navy.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Rana |first=Javaria |date=2025-04-30 |title=Why homegrown Astra, set to be integrated with Rafale Marine, is no ordinary missile |url=https://theprint.in/defence/why-homegrown-astra-set-to-be-integrated-with-rafale-marine-is-no-ordinary-missile/2609584/#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17460171019652&csi=0&referrer=https://www.google.com&ampshare=https://theprint.in/defence/why-homegrown-astra-set-to-be-integrated-with-rafale-marine-is-no-ordinary-missile/2609584/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2024, the missile was cleared for full production.<ref name=":0" />

== Description == === Astra Mark-1 === Astra Mk-1 is {{convert|3.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} long with a diameter of {{convert|178|mm|in|abbr=on}} and weighs {{convert|154|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. It uses mid-course inertial guidance driven by fibre-optic gyroscope with terminal guidance through active radar homing.<ref name="toi-5may14">{{cite news |last1=Pandit |first1=Rajat |title=First successful Astra test gives boost to air missile technology |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/First-successful-Astra-test-gives-boost-to-air-missile-technology/articleshow/34652986.cms|work=The Times of India|publisher=The Times Group|date=5 May 2014}}</ref> It is capable of receiving course corrections through a secure data link. The missile's active radar seeker, with a homing range of {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}}, was originally designed by Russia's Concern Morinformsystem-Agat for the R-77 missile<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Raghuvanshi |first=Vivek |date=2016-12-19 |title=Indian Astra Missile Still Needs Russian Tech To Find Targets |url=https://www.defensenews.com/air/2016/12/19/indian-astra-missile-still-needs-russian-tech-to-find-targets/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=Defense News |language=en}}</ref> but manufactured within India.<ref name="vayu-sep15">{{cite magazine|last1=Majumdar|first1=Sayan|title=Astra – The Spear for Air Dominance|url=http://www.vayuaerospace.in/Issue/vayu-issue-Vayu-Issue-V-Sep-Oct-2015.pdf|magazine=Vayu Aerospace and Defence Review|date=September–October 2015|issue=5|pages=56–57|publisher=Society for Aerospace Studies}}</ref> The seeker can lock-on to a target with a radar cross section of 5 square metres from a distance of 15 km and enables off-boresight launches up to an angle of 45°.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Richardson|first1=Doug|title=India's Astra uses an AGAT seeker|journal=IHS Jane's Missiles and Rockets|date=1 April 2017|volume=17|issue=4|publisher=Jane's Information Group|location=Coulsdon}}</ref> Some tests in 2017 and 2018 validated an indigenous seeker replacing the earlier seeker. It is an improved active Ku, X band monopulse radio-frequency seeker developed by Research Center Imarat.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Reddy |first1=U. Sudhakar |date=16 September 2017 |title=Final trials of air-to-air missile Astra successful |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/160917/final-trials-of-air-to-air-missile-astra-successful-1.html |work=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scd-report412">{{cite web |date=March 2018 |title=Forty first report of the Standing Committee on Defence (2017–2018) |url=http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Defence/16_Defence_41.pdf |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |page=59 |location=New Delhi}}</ref><ref name="ht-26sep182">{{cite news |date=26 September 2018 |title=Indigenously developed air-to-air missile Astra successfully test fired |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indigenously-developed-air-to-air-missile-astra-successfully-test-fired/story-1KXLnNJoMeaoOVovnlh5KI.html |work=Hindustan Times |publisher=HT Media |language=en |agency=Press Trust of India}}</ref><ref name="jdw-6may1422">{{cite news |last1=Udoshi |first1=Rahul |date=6 May 2014 |title=India successfully tests home-grown Astra AAM |url=http://www.janes.com/article/37521/india-successfully-tests-home-grown-astra-aam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517051207/http://www.janes.com/article/37521/india-successfully-tests-home-grown-astra-aam |archive-date=17 May 2014 |work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly |publisher=Jane's Information Group}}</ref>

Astra Mk-1 is equipped with electronic counter-countermeasures to allow operation even during enemy attempts to jam the seeker using electronic countermeasures. It carries a {{convert|15|kg|lb|abbr=on}} high explosive pre-fragmented warhead activated by a DRDO-developed laser proximity fuse.<ref name="vayu-sep15" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite news |date=2013-12-06 |title=‘Astra’ carriage trials with Su-30 begins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Astra-carriage-trials-with-Su-30-begins/articleshow/26955534.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109160313/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Astra-carriage-trials-with-Su-30-begins/articleshow/26955534.cms |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> It uses a smokeless solid fuelled motor that can propel the missile to a speed of Mach 4.5 and allows operation from a maximum altitude of {{convert|20|km|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="thehindu-22may15" /><ref name="vayu-sep15" /> Its maximum range is {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} in tail chase mode and {{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=on}} in head-on chase mode.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-05-21 |title=Astra missile successfully test-fired: 10 Facts you shouldn't miss about it |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-and-current-affairs/story/astra-missile-successfully-test-fired-some-facts-254084-2015-05-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109140831/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-and-current-affairs/story/astra-missile-successfully-test-fired-some-facts-254084-2015-05-21 |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref name="thbl-18sep17">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-18 |title=After successful development trials, Astra missile ready for production |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/after-successful-development-trials-astra-missile-ready-for-production/article9864087.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110025327/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/after-successful-development-trials-astra-missile-ready-for-production/article9864087.ece |archive-date=2025-11-10 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref> The maximum range is achieved when the missile launched from an altitude of over {{convert|15|km|ft|abbr=on}}. However, the maximum range of the missile when fired from an altitude of {{convert|8|km|ft|abbr=on}} drops to {{convert|44|km|mi|abbr=on}} and when launched from sea level, the range drops further to {{convert|21|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last= |date=2012-12-21 |title=Astra missile test-fired successfully |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Astra-missile-test-fired-successfully/article12457627.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109142207/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Astra-missile-test-fired-successfully/article12457627.ece |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="thehindu-22dec12">{{cite news|author1=Y. Mallikarjun|author2=T. S. Subramanian|title=Astra missile test-fired successfully|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Astra-missile-test-fired-successfully/article12457627.ece|work=The Hindu|publisher=The Hindu Group|date=22 December 2012|language=en-IN}}</ref> The seeker of the missile has a search range of {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":5" /> The airframe can also handle up to 40g of lateral acceleration (latax).<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |date=2009-10-31 |title=Captive flight trials of Astra missile carried out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/Captive-flight-trials-of-Astra-missile-carried-out/article16889657.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109161513/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/Captive-flight-trials-of-Astra-missile-carried-out/article16889657.ece |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It can be launched in both autonomous and buddy mode operation and can lock on to its target before or after it is launched.<ref name=":19">{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Saurav|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/sauravjha/2976/64918/drdos-international-coming-out-party-in-seoul-features-new-pragati-tactical-missile-system.html|title=DRDO's international coming out party in Seoul features new Pragati tactical missile system|publisher=IBNLive|date=26 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029132054/http://ibnlive.in.com/blogs/sauravjha/2976/64918/drdos-international-coming-out-party-in-seoul-features-new-pragati-tactical-missile-system.html|archive-date=29 October 2013}}</ref> The missile is designed for high off-boresight launches beyond 45°.<ref name=":18">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nw87BZ-eXwQ |title=Astra Missile By DRDO: दुश्मनों के होश उड़ाने को वाले DRDO द्वारा निर्मित स्वदेशी अस्त्र मिसाइले |date=2026-01-25 |last=IndiaTV |type=Video |language=Hindi |trans-title=Astra Missile by DRDO: The indigenously developed Astra missiles, manufactured by DRDO, are designed to stun the enemy. |access-date=2026-01-28 |via=YouTube}}</ref>

It can be launched in both autonomous and buddy mode operation and can lock on to its target before or after it is launched.<ref name=":19" /> The missile is designed for high off-boresight launches beyond 45°.<ref name=":18" />

During an interview in January 2026, a DRDO official said the missile was fired from the LCA Tejas in 2025 where the target was detected at {{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}} and was engaged at a range of {{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The missile has already completed over 50 live firing trials. Further, the officials explained that following extensive feasibility talks between DRDO and Air Force officials after 2025 India–Pakistan conflict, the range of the existing missiles is being enhanced to {{convert|160|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":20">{{Cite tweet|number=2015410028149461245|user=DefenceDecode|title=Astra MK1 has been integrated on LCA, in the last test target was detected by the LCA at 140km range and it was destroyed with Astra...|date=2026-01-25|access-date=2026-01-28}}</ref>

=== Astra Mark-2 === The Astra Mk-2 has a maximum range of {{Convert|130-160|km||abbr=on}} depending on the firing altitude.<ref name="DM" /><ref name="UB" /> Multiple upgrades have been implemented including an in-house developed dual-pulse rocket motor, laser proximity fuze, fiber optic and gyroscope based Inertial navigation systems, two-way awacs datalink capability and an indigenous AESA radar seeker among others.<ref name="IN">{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Huma |date=5 October 2022 |title=India's new Astra Missile – All you want to know |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/indias-new-astra-missile-all-you-want-to-know/2701350/ |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name="jdw-6may1422"/><ref name="Trials22">{{cite news |last1=Pandit |first1=Rajat |date=7 May 2022 |title=From missiles to glide bombs, India set to test several advanced weapon systems |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-all-set-to-test-several-homemade-weapon-systems/articleshow/91394150.cms |access-date=10 May 2022 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thakur |first=Vijainder K. |date=2025-12-31 |title=Astra Mk-2: Chinese Missile Tech Is Likely Shaping India’s Next-Gen AAM As DRDO Decodes Seized PL-15 |url=https://www.eurasiantimes.com/astra-mk-2-chinese-missile-tech-is-likely-shaping-indias-next-gen-aam-as-drdo-decodes-seized-pl-15-aam/ |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=EURASIAN TIMES |language=en-US}}</ref> As per reports in 2015, the expected maximum range of the missile was {{Convert|150|km||abbr=on}} while featuring shorter fins.<ref name=":5" />

According to a October 2025 report, the missile is now planned to have a maximum range of over 200 km.<ref name=":4" /> The propulsion system is modified for enhanced thrust is and trajectory shaping optimized to provide longer endurance.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2025-10-20 |title=Upgrading strike capability: India tests 800-km BrahMos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/upgrading-strike-capability-india-tests-800-km-brahmos/articleshow/124694864.cms |access-date=2025-10-20 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The missile will also reportedly incorporate technology from the Chinese-origin PL-15E missile that was recovered by the Indian forces in Hoshiarpur district, Punjab during 2025 India–Pakistan conflict and later studied by DRDO. The missile was recovered in a fully intact form due to a lack of self destruct technology.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Shishir |date=2025-10-18 |title=DRDO analyses Chinese PL-15 missile, Astra-II will co-opt its advanced tech |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/drdo-analyses-chinese-pl-15-missile-astra-ii-will-co-opt-its-advanced-tech-101760751326571.html |access-date=2025-10-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Minister of Defence, cleared the range extension of Astra Mk 2 missiles for the Indian Air Force during its meet on 29 December 2025.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=DAC clears proposals worth Rs 79,000 crore to enhance the capabilities of the Armed Forces |date=2025-12-29 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2209422&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pandit |first=Rajat |date=2025-12-30 |title=Defence ministry nod to Rs 79,000 crore military projects |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/dac-approvs-rs-1600-cr-lease-of-2-more-predator-drones/articleshow/126241732.cms |access-date=2025-12-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":17" /> During an interview in January 2026, a DRDO scientist said that the missile's range can be upgraded up to {{convert|240|km|mi|abbr=on}} with the addition of a newly developed dual-pulse motor. The missile, with an indigenous content of 90%. is also expected to be integrated with the LCA Tejas. The missile will have two launch modes: hot launch, akin to the Mark 1 variant, and cold launch or ejection type launch.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":20" />

=== Gandiva === {{See also|Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet}}

The Gandiva missile, previously Astra Mark-3, incorporate an air-breathing propulsion system designated as Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet setting it apart from the predecessors. By dimensions, the missile has a length of {{convert|3838|mm|ft|abbr=on}} and a diameter of {{convert|178-200|mm|in|abbr=on}}. This throttlable propulsion system significantly improves the range of the missile at {{Convert|340|km||abbr=on}} at {{Convert|20|km|ft|abbr=on}} altitude and a range of {{Convert|190|km||abbr=on}} at {{Convert|8|km|ft|abbr=on}} altitude. As per reports, the missile's launch speed ranges from Mach 0.8 to 2.2 while the target hit speed ranges from Mach 2.0 to 3.6. It can engage highly maneuverable fighter aircraft with high angle of attack of up to 20 degrees. With its "±10 km snap-up/snap-down capability" the missile allows the pilots to engage targets at both higher or lower altitudes with respect to the firing aircraft. The missile utilises a two-way data link for mid-course guidance from the launch aircraft or friendly AEW&C aircraft and also employs electronic counter-countermeasures.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="AA" />

=== VL-SRSAM === {{Excerpt|VL-SRSAM|Design|paragraphs=1}}

== Development == thumb|Astra Mk-1 fired from Su-30MKI Preliminary work on Astra Mk-1 had begun by 1990 with the completion of a pre-feasibility study.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Beech|first=Eric|date=2–8 May 1990|title=India researches air-to-air missile|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1990/1990%20-%201243.PDF|publisher=Reed Business Information|volume=137|issue=4214|page=15|issn=0015-3710|magazine=Flight International|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311021555/https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1990/1990%20-%201243.PDF|archive-date=11 Mar 2018}}</ref> It was revealed to the public for the first time at Aero India 1998.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gethin|first=Howard|date=16–22 December 1998|title=India unveils Astra but keeps wraps on LCA|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1998/1998%20-%203358.PDF|publisher=Reed Business Information|magazine=Flight International}}</ref> It was described as an elongated Matra Super 530D with a smaller diameter in front of the wings.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Astra-test-may-be-delayed/articleshow/6009784.cms|title=Astra test may be delayed|date=6 April 2002|work=The Times of India|publisher=The Times Group}}</ref> The project to develop the missile was officially sanctioned in 2004 with a budget of {{INRConvert|955|c|lk=on|year=2004}}.<ref name=":15">{{Cite news |date=2015-11-06 |title=10 years in making, Astra advanced air combat missile may be ready in 2016 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/10-years-in-making-astra-advanced-air-combat-missile-may-be-ready-in-2016/articleshow/49682035.cms |access-date=2025-11-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The project was to be led by Defence Research and Development Laboratory with assistance from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Limited.<ref>{{cite news|author1=M. Somasekhar|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/bline/2004/06/17/stories/2004061702730500.htm|title=DRDL to develop Astra missile|date=17 June 2004|work=The Hindu Business Line|publisher=The Hindu Group}}</ref> The initial version of Astra Mk-1 reportedly weighed {{convert|300|kg|lb|abbr=on}} with a range of {{convert|25|–|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} and was planned to be integrated with HAL Tejas. It was tested for the first time in May 2003.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |date=2003-05-09 |title=Missile Astra successfully test-fired |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/missile-astra-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/45856991.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109153805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/missile-astra-successfully-test-fired/articleshow/45856991.cms |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|author=T. S. Subramanian|date=24 May – 6 June 2003|title=An Astra in the armoury|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2011/stories/20030606003509800.htm|magazine=Frontline|publisher=The Hindu Group|volume=20|issue=11|issn=0970-1710}}</ref>

The missile was redesigned around 2006 due to control issues and performance deficiencies at high altitude. The initial design of four cruciform short-span long-chord wings were replaced by cropped delta wings placed near the nose. The redesigned missile had an improved propulsion system and was tested for the first time in 2008.<ref name="jmr-apr11">{{cite journal|last1=Hewson|first1=Robert|date=April 2011|title=Astra redesign paves way for ramjet AAM|journal=Jane's Missiles and Rockets|location=Coulsdon|publisher=Jane's Information Group|volume=15|issue=4|page=3}}</ref> By 2013, the missile had been redesigned again in response to multiple failures caused by adverse interactions between flight control surfaces.<ref name="toi-1july2013">{{cite news|last1=Pandit|first1=Rajat|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Long-delayed-Astra-missile-will-finally-be-test-fired/articleshow/20852126.cms|title=Long-delayed Astra missile will finally be test-fired|date=1 July 2013|work=The Times of India|publisher=The Times Group}}</ref> The control, guidance, and propulsion systems were also reconfigured.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Richardson|first1=Doug|date=1 February 2017|title=Redesigned Astra completes three ground launches|journal=IHS Jane's Missiles and Rockets|location=Coulsdon|publisher=Jane's Information Group|volume=17|issue=2}}</ref> After the second redesign, the missile was lighter than the initial version by around {{cvt|130|kg}}. It was tested from the ground thrice in December 2012 and captive trials from a Sukhoi Su-30MKI were held in April 2013.<ref name="thehindu-25dec12">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/third-astra-launch-too-a-success/article4236048.ece|title=Third Astra launch too a success|date=25 December 2012|work=The Hindu|publisher=The Hindu Group|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="toi-1july2013" /> The aerodynamic characterization research was conducted at the National Aerospace Laboratories' 1.2m Trisonic Wind Tunnel Facility.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-06 |title=Bengaluru: 1.2m trisonic wind tunnel at National Aerospace Laboratories completes 55 years of service |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/bengaluru-12m-trisonic-wind-tunnel-at-national-aerospace-laboratories-completes-55-years-of-service20220606001500/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=ANI |language=en}}</ref>

Though initially conceived to be integrated with HAL Tejas,<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2007-03-25 |title=Astra missile tested after long gap |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/astra-missile-tested-after-long-gap/story-COepdHAXIewypZDwf3hL0N.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109154335/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/astra-missile-tested-after-long-gap/story-COepdHAXIewypZDwf3hL0N.html |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> the platform catalogue were later expanded to include SEPECAT Jaguar and Mikoyan MiG-29 of the Indian Air Force and was further made compatible with Su-30MKI and Dassault Mirage 2000 as well.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2008-09-13 |title=Air-to-air missile 'Astra' test-fired successfully |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/air-to-air-missile-astra-test-fired-successfully-29816-2008-09-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109152853/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/air-to-air-missile-astra-test-fired-successfully-29816-2008-09-13 |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Variants== {{Multiple image | image1 = Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) missile being tested on 8 February 2019.jpg | caption1 = | image2 = Maiden launch of VL-SRSAM by DRDO (cropped).jpg | caption2 = | width2 = 63 | footer = Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet propulsion test in 2019 (left), VL-SRSAM test in 2021 (right) }} * '''Astra Mk-1''': Basic variant with a range of {{Convert|110|km||abbr=on}}. * '''Astra Mk-2''': Extended range variant with a maximum range in excess of {{Convert|160-200|km||abbr=on}}.<ref name="IN" /><ref name=":4" /> It retains most of the features of Mk-1 variant with multiple upgrades including new indigenous dual-pulse rocket motor, laser proximity fuze and AESA radar seeker.<ref name="IN" /> Development of the type was first reported in 2015.<ref name=":5" /><ref name="print-151220">{{cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=15 December 2020 |title=India working on next 'Astra' missile with 160 km range as Mk1 is integrated in IAF & Navy |url=https://theprint.in/defence/india-working-on-next-astra-missile-with-160-km-range-as-mk1-is-integrated-in-iaf-navy/566699/ |access-date=26 February 2021 |publisher=The Print}}</ref> * '''''Gandiva''''': The variant, designated as Astra Mk-3, is named after ''Gandiva'' of ''Arjuna'' from the ''Mahabharata.'' The missile, based on the Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet,<ref name="et2">{{Cite news |last=Pubby |first=Manu |date=2018-06-02 |title=India tastes only partial success in Ramjet test |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-tastes-only-partial-success-in-ramjet-test/articleshow/64423073.cms |access-date=2019-10-11 |work=The Economic Times}}</ref> exhibits a maximum range of {{Convert|340|km||abbr=on}}. The missile enables combat aircraft to engage strategic targets including AEW&C, transport aircraft, in-flight refuellers, strategic bombers as well as enemy fighter aircraft at long distances.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2025-03-05 |title=ASTRA MK-III: India's most advanced air-to-air missile set to alter balance of power with its unmatched range |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/astra-mk-iii-indias-most-advanced-air-to-air-missile-set-to-alter-balance-of-power-with-its-unmatched-range/articleshow/118726844.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-03-05 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref name="AA">{{Cite web |title=India's Air-To-Air Superweapon Breaks Cover - Livefist |url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/indias-air-to-air-superweapon-breaks-cover/ |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Livefist Defence |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''Astra IR''': A planned shorter ranged variant with an imaging Infra-red homing seeker with a range of {{Convert|80|km||abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pandit |first1=Rajat |title=Astra air combat missile to be soon tested from Tejas fighter |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-developing-300km-range-air-to-air-missile-101654886565073.html}}</ref> * '''VL-SRSAM''': It is the surface-to-air missile derivative of the Astra family based on Indian Navy's requirements to replace older Barak 1 short range SAM system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=23 February 2021 |title=DRDO conducts successful flight test of VL-SRSAM |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2021/feb/23/drdo-conducts-successful-flight-test-of-vl-srsam-2267748.html |access-date=2021-02-23 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> VL-SRSAM will equip Indian Navy ships like Kamorta-class corvette as a short range air defense system and guided by its Revathi radar.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Indian Navy's Ship-based Air Defence Missile Contest Begins Today |url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/indian-navys-ship-based-air-defence-missile-contest-begins-today/ |publisher=Livefist}}</ref>

== Trials ==

=== Astra Mark 1 === The Astra Mark 1 missile underwent flight trials from ground-based launchers between May 2003<ref name=":11" /> and December 2012.<ref name=":9" /> Parallely, captive flight trials and weapons integration trials from the Sukhoi Su-30MKI were also completed in 2009–10<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":8" /> and 2013–14,<ref name=":9" /><ref name="thehindu-4may14" /> respectively. Further in-flight firing trials were conducted from the aircraft May 2014 onwards.<ref name="thehindu-4may14" /> As of 2026, over 50 trials have been undertaken from both Su-30MKI and LCA Tejas.<ref name=":18" />

Trials of the missile with HAL Tejas commenced in August 2023.<ref name="TH-230823" />

* The Astra BVRAAM missile was fired for its maiden flight trial on '''9 May 2003''' at from a ground based fixed launcher with the help of a booster engine at Launch Complex 2 (LC-II) of the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur, Odisha at 12:15 am IST.<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-05-09 |title=India conducts first air-to-air missile test |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2003-05-09/india-conducts-first-air-to-air-missile-test/1851228 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref> A total of three such trials were conducted during '''9–12 May'''<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":12" /> as was expected.<ref name=":11" /> * On '''25 March 2007''', the missile was again test-fired from LC-II of the ITR at Chandipur after a gap of four years but with an upgraded range from 40 km<ref name=":11" /> to 80 km. The development was expected to be completed in 2011–12.<ref name=":12" /> * On '''13 September 2008''', Astra BVRAAM was launched from Launch Complex 2 (LC-II) of the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur at 1205 hours IST. Another test could be conducted following analysing data captured from the current test. Validation trials of the missile's navigation, control, air frame, propulsion and other sub-system were completed. Earlier experimental trials were also conducted on '''25 and 26 March 2008'''.<ref name=":13" /> * In '''October 2009''', the Indian Air Force undertook multiple captive flight trials of Astra BVRAAM with a Su-30MKI. The sorties were conducted from the Lohegaon Air Force Station, Pune. Until 29 October, four sorties were completed with the fifth one, which lasted for 90 minutes, was conducted on 31 October. The sorties included various flight parameters including supersonic speeds and 7g manoeuvres to confirm the missile is compatible with the entire flight envelope of Su-30MKI. The inert missiles were being integrated on one of the six under-wing hardpoints of the aircraft, though the avionics of the missile and aircraft were not electronically connected. The missile was still integrated with a Russian launcher and seeker head while the latter was yet to be consolidated with its on-board radar and other electronics.<ref name=":10" /> A total of seven sorties were conducted through November.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=2011-05-21 |title=Astra successfully test fired for second day |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/astra-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day/article2037476.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109144630/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/astra-successfully-test-fired-for-second-day/article2037476.ece |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ** While the first phase of captive trials, including aero mechanical integrity tests, were realised after four years of planning and certification, the second phase, consisting of avionics integrity tests, would be conducted in early 2010. During this phase, the electronics components of the missile and the avionics of the aircraft would be connected so that the pilot in the cockpit can "communicate" with the missile stored on the hardpoint.<ref name=":10" /> ** Further, guided flights from ground and firing trials from Su-30MKI were also planned in early 2010 and July–August 2010, respectively.<ref name=":10" /> * On '''11 January 2010,''' two ballistic flight trials of Astra missiles were conducted from Integrated Test Range, Balasore. The missiles were launched at 0915 hours and 1200 hours, respectively. The missile's final trial was expected by the year-end following its integration with Su-30MKI.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-01-11 |title=Two Astra missiles flight-tested successfully |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Two-Astra-missiles-flight-tested-successfully/article16837123.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109152803/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Two-Astra-missiles-flight-tested-successfully/article16837123.ece |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> * On '''20 May 2011''', the missile was fired in a ground-to-air ballistic mode at 0950 hours IST. Two additional tests were also planned in two consecutive days. The data for the trial were being analysed. The objective was to evaluate the performance of the motor, propulsion system along with the vehicle and aero-dynamics configurations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-05-20 |title=Astra ballistic flight test carried out |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/astra-ballistic-flight-test-carried-2416659 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109150343/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/astra-ballistic-flight-test-carried-out/articleshow/8460652.cms |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date=2011-05-20 |title=Astra ballistic flight test carried out |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/astra-ballistic-flight-test-carried-out/articleshow/8460652.cms |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The missile, with a range of {{Convert|80|km|abbr=on}}, was again fired on '''21 May''' at 1032 hours from the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur. Further rigorous and flawless ground- and air-launched tests were to be conducted before being integrated on various fighter jets of the Indian Air Force fleet.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-05-21 |title=India successfully test fires Astra interceptor missile again in Orissa |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-successfully-test-fires-astra-interceptor-missile-again-in-orissa/articleshow/8492893.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109151332if_/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-successfully-test-fires-astra-interceptor-missile-again-in-orissa/articleshow/8492893.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> * On '''21 December 2012''', Astra BVRAAM was successfully test fired from the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur in a ground-to-air mode. The missile was fired against an electronic target with midcourse guidance while a DRDO Lakshya Pilotless Target Aircraft (PTA) was also deployed. While this firing was only a rehearsal meant to validate the reconfigured propulsion, control and guidance systems, another test firing was scheduled on '''22 December''' with an actual seeker with the objective of intercepting Lakshya. The altitude of engagement was {{Convert|4|km|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":6" /> The 22 December test was also a success.<ref name=":9" /> * Between '''29''' '''November 2013''' and '''February 2014''', around 40 sorties were conducted from Lohegaon Air Force Station, Pune for weapons integration trial to make the missile compatible with a modified Sukhoi Su-30MKI. The Software Development Institute (SDI) of the IAF was working on integrating aircraft avionics using Sukhoi test rig with the missile's onboard equipment. A team of scientists and officials were also present in Pune.<ref name=":9" /> The missile also underwent rigorous testing on Su-30 in captive mode for avionics integration and seeker evaluation.<ref name="thehindu-4may14" /> * On '''4 May 2014''', Astra was fired for the first time in air-to-air mode from a Su-30MKI at a naval range in the Western Sector. The test-firing successfully achieved all mission objectives, with side and forward-looking high-speed cameras capturing the air release. The separation occurred precisely as predicted by the simulation. Further 20-30 trials would be necessary to evaluate the air-launch envelope across parameters like altitude, speed and the angle of attack.<ref name="thehindu-4may14">{{Cite news |date=2014-05-04 |title=Astra successfully test-fired from Sukhoi-30 MKI |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Astra-successfully-test-fired-from-Sukhoi-30-MKI/article11626648.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109141018/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Astra-successfully-test-fired-from-Sukhoi-30-MKI/article11626648.ece |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> * On '''18 March 2015''', the missile was successfully test fired from a Su-30MKI where the missile validated its manoeuvring ability of up to 30g while engaging the target. On '''19 March 2015''', the missile was again successfully test fired from a Su-30MKI over the Integrated Test Range, Balasore with a payload of telemetry equipment in place of the warhead. The missile had been tasked to intercept a Lakshya PTA. These were the fourth and fifth test firing of the missile and were precisely coordinated with the Air Headquarters.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=India’s BVR Air-to-Air Missile ‘ASTRA’ Successfully Test Fired |date=2015-03-19 |publisher=Press Information Bureau |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=117420 |access-date=2025-11-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109144124/https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=117420 |archive-date=2025-11-09}}</ref> * Two developmental trials were conducted from Su-30MKI on '''20 May 2015'''. The missiles were fired over the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur while the aircraft was performing a high-g manoeuvre. These were the sixth and seventh test firing of the missile, which is expected to be inducted in 2016. Additional tests including pre-induction trials shall be undertaken. So far, the missile has failed in only one test.<ref name=":5" /> The missile's revised deadline of development was set in December 2016. Nine trials were already completed.<ref name=":15" /> * On '''18 March 2016''', Su-30MKI was test fired in public during Exercise Iron Fist exercise.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tejas, Astra Missile To Be Showcased At Indian Air Force's Firepower Demo |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tejas-astra-missile-to-be-showcased-at-indian-air-forces-firepower-demo-1285883 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820195754/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tejas-astra-missile-to-be-showcased-at-indian-air-forces-firepower-demo-1285883 |archive-date=2019-08-20 |access-date=2025-11-10 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-14 |title=IAF To Test Fire Astra Missile During Iron Fist 2016 |url=https://defensemirror.com/news/15590/IAF_To_Test_Fire_Astra_Missile_During_Iron_Fist_2016 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=defensemirror.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Chopra|first1=Anil|title=Iron Fist 2016: Indian Air Force's greatest show of air power|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/column-iron-fist-2016-indian-air-force-s-greatest-show-of-air-power-2191190|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=19 March 2016}}</ref> * On '''7 December 2016''', the user trial of Astra missile failed to deliver results. After being fired from the aircraft, the missile began to lose velocity within seconds, veered off trajectory and nose-dived in a steep manner before exploding on a sea beach. The explosion resulted in smoke and a huge noise which was heard from villages located 15 km from the test site.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rout |first=Hemant Kumar |date=2016-12-08 |title=‘Astra’ goes up in smoke |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/odisha/2016/Dec/08/astra-goes-up-in-smoke-1546815.html |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> However, further trials on '''11–13 December''', proved to be successful.<ref name=":14" /><ref name=":16" /> * Between '''11 and 14 September 2017''', Astra Mk 1 was tested seven developmental trials. The missile hit its designated pilotless target aircraft each time. The tests included an indigenous seeker, which had been put to trials for the second time.<ref name=":16">{{cite news |last1=Rout |first1=Hemant Kumar |date=31 August 2017 |title=Indian Air Force likely to start trials of Astra missile from today |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/aug/31/indian-air-force-likely-to-start-trials-of-astra-missile-from-today-1650442.html |work=The New Indian Express |publisher=Express Publications (Madurai)}}</ref> A wide variety of missions were simulated including targets located at long-range distances, high manoeuvring targets at medium ranges, salvo launches to engage multiple targets as well as firing two missiles with live warheads to neutralise targets. This marked the '''end of developmental trials''' of the missile.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-15 |title=IAF completes development trials of Astra air-to-air missile |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/iaf-completes-development-trials-of-astra-air-to-air-missile/story-kGcgryfM50C9DCQpc8zi3N.html |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-14 |title=India successfully conducted Trials of Astra Missile in Odisha Coast of Chandipur during 11-14 Sep 2017 |url=https://orissadiary.com/india-successfully-conducted-trials-astra-missile-odisha-coast-chandipur-11-14-sep-2017/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241105121739/https://orissadiary.com/india-successfully-conducted-trials-astra-missile-odisha-coast-chandipur-11-14-sep-2017/ |archive-date=2024-11-05 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=orissadiary.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * Three consecutive test firings were conducted during the user trials on '''16 September 2019'''. A missile also hit a target at a distance of {{cvt|90|km}} in one of the trials.<ref>{{cite news |title=IAF, DRDO carry out test firing of Astra air-to-air missile |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/iaf-drdo-carry-out-test-firing-of-astra-air-to-air-missile-119091801432_1.html |work=Business Standard |date=18 September 2019}}</ref> * thumb|HAL Tejas LSP7 during a maiden firing of Astra Mk1 missileOn '''23 August 2023''', Astra Mk-1 was successfully test fired from HAL Tejas LSP 7 aircraft off the coast of Goa from an altitude of {{Convert|20000|ft|km|abbr=on}}. The aircraft was monitored by a "Chase" Tejas twin-seater variant.<ref name="TH-230823">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2023-08-23 |title=LCA Tejas successfully test-fires Astra Beyond Visual Range air-to-air missile |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lca-tejas-successfully-test-fires-astra-beyond-visual-range-missile/article67227156.ece |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=LCA Tejas Fighter Jet Successfully Test-Fires ASTRA Beyond Visual Range Missile |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lca-tejas-fighter-jet-successfully-test-fires-astra-beyond-visual-range-missile-4322691 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207200724/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/lca-tejas-fighter-jet-successfully-test-fires-astra-beyond-visual-range-missile-4322691 |archive-date=2024-02-07 |access-date=2025-11-25 |work=NDTV.com}}</ref> * On '''12 March 2025''', Astra Mk-1 was successfully test fired from a Tejas Mk1 prototype over the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur. The missile scored a direct hit on a flying target at a range of over 100 km. This test was significant for the subsequent induction of Tejas Mk1A aircraft. Further trials are also expected for performance evaluation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2025 |title=Tejas LCA AF MK1 test-fires Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2111068 |access-date=13 March 2025 |work=Press Information Bureau |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Sushant |date=2025-03-13 |title=Homegrown beyond-visual-range missile Astra successfully test-fired from LCA Tejas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/missile-astra-lca-tejas-test-fired-9884805/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251125175847/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/missile-astra-lca-tejas-test-fired-9884805/ |archive-date=2025-11-25 |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> However, Tejas Mk1A variant failed the Astra firing trial later that month. This compelled the DRDL to undertake certain software tweaks and, as of 16 September, HAL is awaiting an approval from CEMILAC's safety review board to continue with the trials. Another trial is now expected in September or October.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Rahul |date=2025-09-16 |title=New LCA deal after first jets delivered |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-lca-deal-after-first-jets-delivered-101757961231857.html |access-date=2025-09-16 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The target was detected at {{convert|140|km|mi|abbr=on}} and was engaged at a range of {{convert|110|km|mi|abbr=on}} as per a DRDO official.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":20" /> * On '''11 July 2025''', the DRDO and the IAF conducted trials of Astra missiles with an indigenous radio frequency seeker off the coast of Odisha. Two launches were undertaken from a Su-30MKI against high-speed unmanned aerial targets at varying ranges. Both the targets were reportedly destroyed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2025 |title=DRDO & IAF conduct successful flight-test of Astra Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air missile with indigenous Radio Frequency Seeker from Su-30 Mk-I |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2144118 |access-date=12 July 2025 |work=Press Information Bureau |agency=Ministry of Defence, Government of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-11 |title=DRDO's ASTRA: BVRAAM missile successfully test-fired; IAF conducts trial from Su-30 MKI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/drdos-astra-bvraam-missile-successfully-test-fired-iaf-conducts-trial-from-su-30-mki/articleshow/122393167.cms |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2025-07-11 |title=DRDO, IAF successfully test indigenous Astra Missile with Radio Frequency Seeker from Su-30 MKI |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/drdo-iaf-successfully-test-indigenous-astra-missile-with-radio-frequency-seeker-from-su-30-mki/article69801243.ece |access-date=2025-07-12 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

=== Astra Mark 2 === thumb|Astra Mk-2 dropped from Su-30MKI using Unified Common Launcher

During an annual press conference on October 4, 2022, IAF released footage of an Astra Mk-2 launched from a Su-30MKI using Unified Common Launcher developed by DRDO with industry partners for air-to-air missiles.<ref>{{cite news|title=India's 'Astra Mk2' BVR Missile Breaks Cover; IAF's New Promo Video Shows Su-30 MKI Fighter Firing The Indigenous Weapon|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/indias-astra-mk2-bvr-missile-breaks-cover-iafs-new-promo/?amp|author=Sakshi Tiwari|date=6 October 2022|website=The Eurasian Times}}</ref>

Reports released in April 2024 suggested that the missile will be tested in first half of 2024 with an initial target range of around 130 km.<ref name="DM">{{Cite web |title=Defence ministry to test Astra Mark 2 air-to-air missiles with 130 km strike range |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/defence-ministry-to-test-astra-mark-2-air-to-air-missiles-with-130-km-strike-range-2528041-2024-04-16 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=India Today |date=16 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-16 |title=India to test 130 km strike range Astra Mark-2 missile this year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-to-test-130-km-strike-range-astra-mark-2-missile-this-year/articleshow/109353571.cms |access-date=2024-04-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-16 |title=India to test 130 km strike range Astra Mark-2 air-to-air missile for IAF |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-to-test-130-km-strike-range-astra-mark-2-air-to-air-missile-for-iaf-101713283941651.html |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Reports in September 2024 suggested that a series of developmental and user trials of the Astra Mk 2, with a range of 140–160 km, will be conducted in 2025 which will be completed by 2026 and followed by induction in the same year. Full-scale production is expected by 2027. There has been a few design modifications which led to delays.<ref name="UB">{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Kalyan |title=Upgraded BVR missile Astra Mk-2 will be ready for IAF induction in two years |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/upgraded-bvr-missile-astra-mk-2-will-be-ready-for-iaf-induction-in-two-years-3191961 |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

The first test firing is expected in 2026 as of December 2025.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2025-12-29 |title=200 km+ range Astra missile, 120 km range Pinaka rockets on shopping list as MoD clears Rs 79,000 cr proposals |url=https://theprint.in/defence/200-km-range-astra-missile-120-km-range-pinaka-rockets-on-shopping-list-as-mod-clears-rs-79000-cr-proposals/2814298/ |access-date=2025-12-29 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>

On 17 April, a report claimed that the 240 km-class missile cleared its preliminary trials and will proceed with integrated user trials. The missile will be integrated with Su-30MKI and Tejas Mk1A, respectively. The preliminary trials has validated the aerodynamics, propulsion and guidance of the weapon system.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-04-17 |title=Astra Mk-2 Missile Clear Preliminary Trials, Advances Towards Integrated User Trials |url=https://raksha-anirveda.com/astra-mk-2-missile-clear-preliminary-trials-advances-towards-integrated-user-trials/ |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=raksha-anirveda.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Astra Mark 3 === The missile's under development propulsion system was first tested on 30 May 2018 and further test was carried out on 8 February 2019.<ref name="pib122">{{Cite web |date=31 May 2018 |title=Successful Flight Test of SFDR |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179682 |access-date=2019-10-11 |website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref><ref name="pib222">{{Cite web |date=8 February 2019 |title=Successful Flight Test of SFDR |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=188278 |access-date=2019-10-11 |website=Press Information Bureau, Government of India}}</ref>

As per the Ministry of Defence's Year End Review, Astra Mk-3 with SFDR propulsion was flight tested in 2023 which enabled the missile to intercept aerial threats over a far greater distance at supersonic speed. The missile was configured with nozzle-less booster, thrust modulation system and a sustainer engine to deliver specific impulse in ramjet mode.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 December 2023 |title=MINISTRY OF DEFENCE - YEAR END REVIEW 2023 |work=Press Information Bureau |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1989502 |access-date=24 December 2023}}</ref>

By March 2025, the missile completed two in-flight tests FT-01 and FT-02 validating separation mechanisms after the previous ground tests for booster and nozzleless boosters. The missile will now undergo firing trials from the Sukhoi Su-30MKI and HAL Tejas.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="AA" />

== Production ==

=== Astra Mark 1 === In September 2017, Astra Mk 1 finished its last development trials and received approval from Bharat Dynamics Limited to go into production. The first order of 50 missiles will be produced at the Bhanur plant in Sangareddy. The facility was launched on 27 August 2017. The missiles, intended for the Sukhoi Su-30MKI fleet, would be delivered and inducted by the year-end.<ref name="thbl-18sep17" /><ref name="janes-6sep17" /> In 2020, an additional order of 248 missiles was placed for the Indian Air Force (200) and Indian Navy (48). The missiles would be deployed on the Su-30MKI, HAL Tejas, and MiG-29 of the Air Force and MiG-29K of the Navy.<ref name="CA">{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1635916|title=DAC approves capital acquisition of various platforms & equipment worth Rs 38,900 crore|publisher=PIB India|access-date=2 July 2020}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{cite web |title=Air Force to get 33 new fighter jets, 248 indigenous Astra missiles |url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Air-Force-to-get-33-new-fighter-jets-248-indigenous-Astra-missiles/02-07-2020-293377/ |access-date=2 July 2020 |publisher=BusinessWorld}}</ref>

A contract worth ₹2,971 crore (US$383 million) was signed by the Ministry of Defense and BDL on May 31, 2022, to produce 350+ Astra Mk-1 units for the Indian Air Force and Indian Navy under the high priority Indian Designed, Developed, and Manufactured (IDDM) category.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Udoshi |first=Rahul |date=1 June 2022 |title=Indian MoD orders Astra BVRAAM from BDL |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/indian-mod-orders-astra-bvraam-from-bdl |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Janes |language=en}}</ref> The technology transfer of the missile and related systems to BDL has already begun by DRDO. One missile will cost between ₹7 and ₹8 crore.<ref name="Deal for desi Astra Mk 1 sealed">{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2022-06-01 |title=Deal for desi Astra Mk 1 sealed, India set to test next-gen air-to-air missile 'this month' |url=https://theprint.in/defence/deal-for-desi-astra-mk-1-sealed-india-set-to-test-next-gen-air-to-air-missile-this-month/979234/ |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US |ref=Deal for desi Astra Mk 1 sealed}}</ref> All long-range air-to-air missiles of Russian origin in the Indian fleet will eventually be replaced by the Astra Mk-1 and other variants of this missile.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pubby |first=Manu |date=31 May 2022 |title=First order for indigenous air to air missiles placed |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/first-order-for-indigenous-air-to-air-missiles-placed/articleshow/91925886.cms |access-date=2022-06-01}}</ref> An aging test is being carried out to approve the production of the missile and launcher. Delivery began in FY2023–2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=2023-24 Annual Report |url=https://mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/AR_2023-24-new-23-9-2025.pdf |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=Ministry of Defence, Government of India}}</ref>

The first production batch of Astra Mk-1 for the Indian Air Force was flagged off from BDL's Kanchanbagh facility on January 14, 2024, by Ajay Bhatt, the Minister of State for Defence.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-14 |title=Union Minister Ajay Bhatt flags off Astra Missile for supply to IAF |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/union-minister-ajay-bhatt-flags-off-astra-missile-for-supply-to-iaf/articleshow/106836727.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-14 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2024-01-14 |title=Union Minister of State for Defence flags off indigenous Astra Missiles for Indian Air Force |url=https://telanganatoday.com/union-minister-of-state-for-defence-flags-off-indigenous-astra-missiles-for-indian-air-force |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref> During his visit to BDL's Hyderabad facility on August 4, 2024, then-Deputy COAS Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit certified the missile for full-rate production.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-04 |title=IAF gives clearance to DRDO, BDL for Astra missile production |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-iaf-gives-clearance-to-drdo-bdl-for-astra-missile-production-305944 |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=Zee Business}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-04 |title=IAF gives clearance to DRDO, BDL for Astra missile production |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/iaf-gives-clearance-to-drdo-bdl-for-astra-missile-production20240804203810/ |access-date=2024-08-04 |website=ANI}}</ref>

=== Astra Mark 2 === According to media report published on 15 October 2025, the Indian Air Force had indicated interest in acquiring approximately 700 Astra Mk 2 missiles for its fleet of HAL Tejas and Sukhoi Su-30MKI aircraft. The MoD is anticipated to discuss the acquisition.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Dubey |first=Ajit |date=2025-10-14 |title=Astra Mark 2 missile range to be over 200 km, IAF to buy around 700 for fighter jet fleet |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/astra-mark-2-missile-range-to-be-over-200-km-iaf-to-buy-around-700-for-fighter-jet-fleet20251014203255/ |access-date=2025-10-15 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref> The missile's production is expected to begin from 2026 to 2027. As of October 2025, it can start within six months, given its trials are successful.<ref name=":3" />

=== Astra Mark 3 === The missile is expected to be operationalised within three years as of October 2025.<ref name=":3" />

==Exports== It was published in August 2023 that Brazil was exploring possibility of equipping its Gripen fighters with Astra Mk-1 missiles as a cost-effective option.<ref>{{cite news|title=Empowering defence collaboration: Brazil and India unite to shape future security landscape|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/defence-empowering-defence-collaboration-brazil-and-india-unite-to-shape-future-security-landscape-3214566/|date=18 August 2023|website=Financial Express}}</ref> According to a report published in The Print on September 14, 2024, Armenia has inquired about the possibility of purchasing Astra Mk-1 for its Sukhoi Su-30s. Discussions are in early stages.<ref name=":22">{{Cite news |last=Philip |first=Snehesh Alex |date=2024-09-14 |title=Armenia looks to India for Astra missiles, upgrade of its Sukhoi fleet |url=https://theprint.in/defence/armenia-looks-to-india-for-astra-missiles-upgrade-of-its-sukhoi-fleet/2267517/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915101506/https://theprint.in/defence/armenia-looks-to-india-for-astra-missiles-upgrade-of-its-sukhoi-fleet/2267517/ |archive-date=2025-09-15 |access-date=2026-02-04 |work=ThePrint |language=en-US|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Operators== ;{{Flagu|India}} * Indian Air Force<ref name="CA" /><ref name=":21" /> * Indian Navy<ref name="CA" /><ref name=":21" />

=== Potential operator ===

* Armenian Air Force: The Astra missile is among the Indian weapons sought to be integrated with their upgraded Su-30 fleet, in addition to other systems such as guided air-to-surface missiles.<ref name=":22" />

==Gallery== <gallery> File:Astra missile launched from a ground-based launcher.jpg|Astra tested from ground-based launcher during initial developmental trial. File:ASTRA, the indigenously developed Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM), successfully test fired by the Indian Air Force from Su-30 aircraft, from Air Force Station, Kalaikunda on September 26, 2018.JPG|Astra fired from an Indian Air Force Su-30MKI File:Astra BVRAAM successfully test fired from Su-30MKI off the Odisha coast on September 17, 2019.jpg|Su-30MKI fires an Astra missile </gallery>

==See also== {{Portal|India|Rocketry}} {{Div col |colwidth=22em}} * {{lwc|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} * {{lwc|Python (missile)#Derby|Derby}} * {{lwc|MICA (missile)}} * {{lwc|R-77}} * {{lwc|R-27 (air-to-air missile)|R-27EA}} * {{lwc|PL-12}} * {{lwc|R-Darter}} * {{lwc|Meteor (missile)|Meteor}} * {{lwc|PL-15}} {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{wikinews|India test-fires 'Astra' missile}} * [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/astra.htm Globalsecurity] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150504064032/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MISSILES/aam/astra-aam.html Bharat Rakshak]

'''Technical:''' * [https://www.drdo.gov.in/sites/default/files/technology-focus-documrnt/TF_May-Jun_2018_web.pdf DRDO Technology Focus : Warhead for Missiles, Torpedoes and Rockets]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Astra Missile}} Category:Defence Research and Development Organisation Category:Air-to-air missiles of India Category:Beyond-visual-range air-to-air missiles Category:Guided missiles of India Category:Post–Cold War weapons of India Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2010s