Ashfaq Parvez Kayani

{{Short description|Pakistani general}} {{more footnotes needed|date=March 2026}} {{Use British English|date=October 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Ashfaq Parvez Kayani | native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ur|{{nq|اشفاق پرویز کیانی}}}}}}  | native_name_lang =  | honorific_prefix = General | honorific_suffix = NI(M) HI(C) HI(M) OMM | image = Kayani in July 2010.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Kayani in 2010 | order = | office1 = 8th Chief of Army Staff | term_start1 = 29 November 2007 | term_end1 = 29 November 2013 | president1 = Pervez Musharraf Asif Ali Zardari Mamnoon Hussain | prime_minister1 = Muhammad Mian Soomro (caretaker) Yusuf Raza Gilani Raja Pervaiz Ashraf Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (caretaker) Nawaz Sharif | order2 = Vice Chief of Army Staff | office 2 = | term_start2 = 8 October 2007 | term_end2 = 28 November 2007 | president2 = Pervaiz Musharraf | predecessor2 = Gen. Ahsan Saleem Hayat | successor2 = ''Post Abolished'' | office5 = Commander X Corps, Rawalpindi | term_start5 = October 2003 | term_end5 = October 2004 | president5 = Pervaiz Musharraf | predecessor5 = Lt-Gen. Syed Arif Hassan | successor5 = Lt-Gen. Salahuddin Satti | office6 = Director General of Military Operations at GHQ | term_start6 = 2000 | term_end6 = 2003 | alongside =  | monarch = | governor_general = | taoiseach = | chancellor = | governor = | deputy = | lieutenant = | succeeding =  | constituency = | majority = | predecessor1 = General Pervez Musharraf | successor1 = General Raheel Sharif | prior_term = | order3 = Acting Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee | office3 =  | term_start3 = 8 October 2013 | term_end3 = 29 November 2013 | alongside3 =  | monarch3 =  | president3 =  | governor_general3 =  | primeministe3 =  | chancellor3 =  | taoiseach3 =  | governor3 =  | vice_president3 =  | vice_prime_minister3 =  | deputy3 =  | lieutenant3 =  | succeeding3 =  | predecessor3 = Gen. Khalid Shameem Wynne | successor3 = General Rashad Mahmood | parliamentary_group3 =  | constituency3 =  | majority3 =  | prior_term3 =  | order4 = 17th Director General of the Inter-Services Intelligence | term_start4 = 3 October 2004 | term_end4 = 8 October 2007 | president4 = Pervaiz Musharraf | prime_minister4 = Shaukat Aziz | predecessor4 = Lt-Gen. Ehsan-ul-Haq | successor4 = Lt-Gen. Nadeem Taj | pronunciation = | birth_name = Ashfaq Pervez Kayani | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|04|20|df=y}} | birth_place = Gujar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan | death_date =  | death_place = | party = | other_party =  | height =  | partner =  | relations = | children = | parents =  | mother =  | father =  | relatives = | education = | alma_mater = {{ubl|Military College Jhelum|Pakistan Military Academy|Command and Staff College|US Army Command and General Staff College|National Defence University}} | occupation = | profession = | known_for = | salary = | net_worth =  | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | awards = Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Civilian) | blank1 = | data1 = | blank2 = | data2 = | blank3 = | data3 = | blank4 = | data4 = | blank5 = | data5 = | signature = | signature_alt = | website =  | nickname = {{ubl|''Kayani''|''The thinking General''|''Quiet General''}} | allegiance = {{PAK}} | branch = {{Army|PAK}} | service_years = 1971–2013 | rank = 20px General | unit = 5th Baloch | commands = {{ubl|Vice Chief of Army Staff|Director-General Military Operations|X Corps in Rawalpindi|GOC 12th Infantry Division, Murree|Mil Secy to First Benazir Ministry}} | battles = {{tree list}} * Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts ** Bangladesh Liberation War *** Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 ** Indo-Pakistani standoff (2001) ** Indo-Pakistani standoff (2008) ** Indo-Pakistani skirmish (2011) ** Indo–Pakistani skirmish (2013) * War on terror ** War in Afghanistan *** Pakistan–United States skirmishes ** War in North-West Pakistan *** Operation Rah-e-Haq *** Operation Zalzala *** Battle of Bajaur *** Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem *** Operation Black Thunderstorm *** Operation Rah-e-Rast *** Orakzai and Kurram offensive *** Operation Koh-e-Sufaid *** Mohmand offensive *** Operation Rah-e-Nijat *** Khyber Pass offensive *** Operation Janbaz *** Operation Rah-e-Shahadat

{{tree list/end}} | mawards = {{ubl|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Civilian)|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)|Turkish Legion of Merit| Order of King Abdulaziz|Legion of Merit| Legion of Honour| Order of Military Merit| Tajikistan Medal}} | military_blank1 = | military_data1 = | military_blank2 = | military_data2 = | military_blank3 = | military_data3 = | military_blank4 = | military_data4 = | military_blank5 = | military_data5 =  | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | footnotes = }}

'''Ashfaq Parvez Kayani''' {{post-nominals|list=NI(M) HI(C) HI(M) OMM}} (Urdu: {{nq|اشفاق پرویز کیانی}} ; born 20 April 1952), is a retired four-star general of the Pakistan Army who served as the eighth chief of army staff, being appointed on 29 November 2007 after his predecessor Pervez Musharraf retired from his military service and remained in the office until 29 November 2013.

Initially appointed as Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS) under then-President Pervez Musharraf on 8 October 2007, he formally took over the command of the army when President Pervez Musharraf retired from his military service on 29 November 2007. In addition, General Kayani served as the Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and as director of the Directorate-General of Military Operations (DGMO), overseeing major war efforts in the war on terror. On 24 July 2010, Kayani's tenure was extended for three more years by Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani to continue the war efforts against the insurgent outfits.<ref>Khan, Iftikhar A., [https://www.dawn.com/archives/38737 "Kayani to stay on as COAS till 2013: The night of the quiet general"], ''Dawn'', 23 July 2010.</ref><ref>Jan, Reza, [http://www.criticalthreats.org/pakistan/continuity-time-flux-pakistan-army-chief%E2%80%99s-term-extended-august-09-2010 "Continuity in a Time of Flux: Pakistan Army Chief's Term Extended"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009120225/http://www.criticalthreats.org/pakistan/continuity-time-flux-pakistan-army-chief%E2%80%99s-term-extended-august-09-2010 |date=9 October 2016}}, AEI ''Critical Threats'', 9 August 2010. Retrieved 4 April 2011.</ref>

''Forbes'' named him the world's 34th most powerful person in 2011<ref name="forbes.com">{{cite news|title=The World's Most Powerful People {{ndash}} Ashfaq Parvez Kayani|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/ashfaq-parvez-kayani/ |work=Forbes}}</ref> and the world's 28th most powerful person in 2012.<ref name="forbes.com" />

== Early life and education == Ashfaq Parvez Kayani was born at Manghot, Punjab, on 20 April 1952, in a family belonging to the Kayani Ghakar tribe of the Pothohar Plateau. The town of Manghot is situated on the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab bounded on the east by the Jhelum River, on the west by the Indus River. Ashfaq's father was a Junior commissioned officer (JCO) in the Pakistan Army as Subedar major.{{Citation needed|date= May 2022}}

His humble background as the son of a JCO has endeared him to the junior ranks of the army. After attending a local high school, Ashfaq successfully enrolled in the Military College Jhelum, Sarai Alamgir and made a transfer to Pakistan Military Academy in Kakul where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1971 in his class of 45th PMA Long Course.<ref name="ISI Publications"/>

==Military career==

===1971 war experience=== Kayani was commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant in the 5th Battalion of the famed Baloch Regiment on 29 August 1971.<ref name="Directorate for Inter-Services Public Relations"/> He actively participated and joined the military in the time of 1971 war with Bangladesh.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|title=Rise of Pakistan's 'quiet man'|author=Syed Shoaib Hasan|publisher=BBC| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7024719.stm|date=17 June 2009}}</ref>

===Academia and professorship=== After the war, Ashfaq continued to resume his studies and became more involved with his studies after joining the Command and Staff College in Quetta.<ref name="ISI Publications">{{cite web|last=ISI |title=Ashfaq Parvez Kayani (ISI) |url=http://www.isi.org.pk/g.kiyani.htm |work=Government of Pakistan |publisher=ISI Publications |access-date=6 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109095529/http://www.isi.org.pk/g.kiyani.htm |archive-date=9 January 2013 }}</ref> After his graduation, Kayani departed to the United States on deputation and educated at the United States Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth and the United States Army Infantry School at Fort Benning.<ref name="Directorate for Inter-Services Public Relations"/> After graduating from the military institutions in the United States, Ashfaq returned to Pakistan and attained his Master of Science in War studies from the National Defence University.<ref name="Directorate for Inter-Services Public Relations">{{cite web|last=PA|title=General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani|url=http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=155|work=Government of Pakistan|publisher=Directorate for Inter-Services Public Relations|access-date=6 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122215610/http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=155|archive-date=22 November 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

During his long military career, Ashfaq has been on the faculty of School of Infantry and Tactics, also in Quetta.<ref name="Directorate for Inter-Services Public Relations"/> Ashfaq briefly taught war courses at the Command and Staff College in Quetta and later moved on to accepting the professorship of strategic studies and joined the teaching faculty at the National Defence University in Islamabad.<ref name="Directorate for Inter-Services Public Relations"/>

===Staff and command appointments=== As a Lt Col, Gen Kayani commanded 30 Baloch Regiment. As a Brigadier, he commanded an Infantry Brigade.<ref name="ISI Publications" /> As a Brigadier, he also served as Benazir Bhutto's Military Secretary. Upon his promotion to two-star rank, Major-General Kayani served as the general officer commanding of the 12th Infantry Division stationed in Murree, deployed all over the LoC region and which comes under the X Corps.<ref name="ISI Publications" /> In 2000, Kayani was moved and appointed as the director of the Directorate–General of Military Operations (DGMO).<ref name="ISI Publications" /> In 2001, it was during his tenure as DGMO that the intense military standoff between Pakistan and India took place.<ref name="ISI Publications" /> Reportedly, Kayani only slept a few hours a night during that period as he diligently oversaw the unified armed forces mobilisation and preparedness on the border.<ref name="ISI Publications" />

In September 2003, Kayani's promotion to three-star assignment was approved by the President Musharraf and subsequently elevating him to three-star rank, Lieutenant-General. The same year, he was appointed as the field operational commander of the X Corps in Rawalpindi.<ref name="ISI Publications" /> The promotion indicated Musharraf's significant trust in Kayani, since chief of army staff cannot build a military coup without the help of the X Corps commander. Kayani led the X Corps until October 2004, when he was transferred to the ISI as its director-general.<ref name="ISI Publications" />

During Kayani's tenure at the X Corps, he led the successful investigation of the two back-to-back suicide attacks against Musharraf in December 2003. It is believed that Kayani won the trust of Musharraf after the investigation, and a prelude to Kayani's appointment as the sensitive position of ISI chief.<ref name="Newsweek">Ron Moreau and Zahid Hussain. [http://www.newsweek.com/id/41883 "The Next Musharraf"] ''Newsweek'', 8 October 2007</ref> He was awarded Hilal-e-Imtiaz, the civilian medal, for his achievement.

==Intelligence career==

===Directorship of Inter-Services Intelligence=== In October 2004, Lieutenant-General Ashfaq Kayani was appointed as the director general of Directorate of Inter-Services Intelligence (''ISI''), in place of General Ehsan-ul-Haq, who was promoted as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.<ref name="ISI Publications" /> General Kayani directed the ISI operations and her operatives during a bleak period, with widely spread insurgencies in North-West Pakistan and Balochistan, disclosing of the nuclear proliferation case, and waves of suicide attacks throughout Pakistan emanating from the northwestern tribal belt.<ref name="ISI Publications" /> In his final days at the ISI, he also led the talks with Benazir Bhutto for a possible power sharing deal with Musharraf.<ref name="Newsweek" /> In October 2007, after three years, he was replaced at the ISI by Lt Gen Nadeem Taj.<ref>Ayaz Amir. [https://www.dawn.com/news/1073238/is-change-in-the-air "Is change in the air?"] ''Dawn'', 1 December 2006</ref>

Kayani was also present at the March 2007 meeting that took place between Musharraf and Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, when the former military ruler informed the top judge that he was suspended. Accounts of that meeting narrated that Kayani was the only one among Musharraf's aides who did not speak a word.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Insider Brief|url=http://www.pakintel.com/2007/09/23/kayanis-next-role-and-renewed-negotiations/|work=Shaan Akbar|access-date=2 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204012410/http://www.pakintel.com/2007/09/23/kayanis-next-role-and-renewed-negotiations/|archive-date=4 February 2011|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

==Chief of Army Staff== In October 2007, Kayani's promotion papers for the appointment to the four-star rank was approved by the President Musharraf, and appointed him as the Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS). At the time of the promotion, Kayani ultimately superseded the senior-most army general, Lt-Gen. Khalid Kidwai, who was on an extension for one year. On 28 November 2007, Kayani succeeded Musharraf as chief of army staff after Musharraf's retirement.

General Kayani is noted as the second four-star army general who held the directorship of the ISI but later then went on to become the Chief of Army Staff. The first appointment of ISI director being appointed to four-star appointment was in 1999 when General Ziauddin Butt was the first army general who was appointed as army chief after his brief tenure as ISI director.

It was during General Kayani's tenure that Pakistan turned the tide in its war against terror. Gen Kayani is also credited with developing response to Indian cold start doctrine, which the Army validated by conducting Azm e Nau exercises.

=== War against terror === General Kayani has been credited with having played a major role in turning the tide in favour of Pakistan in its armed conflict against Islamist militant groups active in North-West Pakistan. Before Kayani's tenure, under the command and administration of President General Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan had lost nearly 30% of its North-West Frontier Province and 100% of the FATA in the hands of Taliban and its allies. Under the Peverz Musharaf, the situation in FATA further complicated with the emergence of Tehreek-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). Local Pakistani jihadi fighters that have previously fought Soviets, with support from Central Asian militant groups, Arab fighters of al-Qaeda, in 2007 formed TTP. The TTP, beside FATA, managed to capture four settle districts of North-Western Frontier Province (modern day Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa). The districts such as Buner, Dir, Shangla and Swat fell out of writ of Government of Pakistan by 2007 as militants flashed into mainland of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa further expanding their influence beyond peripheries of FATA.

Moreover, Musharraf decision to undertake Lal-Masjid Operation increased number of suicide attacks from 10 in 2006 to 61 in 2007. The deteriorated law and order situation saw assassination of former prime minister Benazir Bhutto in 2007 which was also claimed by the TTP.

Pakistan with the exit of Pervez Musharraf got a fresh civil-military setup under the President Asif Zardari-led government of PPP in 2008. Pakistan Army also witnessed a change of guard. Its new COAS Ashfaq Pervez Kayani decided to take on TTP and its Islamist allies.

In to order contain the militants General Kayani launched series of military campaigns to recapture areas fallen in the hands of militants from 2007 to 2013 beginning with Operation Sherdil, beside successfully taking ongoing campaigns of Armed Forces launched under the command of General Musharaf. The campaign that was launched by Kayani ended with success of Operation Zarb-e-Azb in late 2016. Pakistan Army under the Kayani Doctrine was able to capture six tribal agencies and four settled districts of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa including Swat and South Waziristan, which were two strongholds of TTP. Thus, due to the Kayani's aggressive war doctrines Pakistan re-established its writ almost whole of the North-West and FATA exempting North-Waziristan and pockets of Khyber that were cleared from the militants by the Kayani's successors. [[File:Kayani in July 2010.jpg|thumb|280x280px|24 July 2010, Kayani as Chief of the Army Staff (COAS).]] {| class="wikitable" |+Military campaigns by Pakistan Armed Forces under General Kayani !# !Campaign !Date !location !Results |- | |Operation Rah-e-Haq |25 October – 8 December 2007 |Swat Valley and Shangla |Pakistani victory

* Following the operation, the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) offered a truce and peace negotiations resulting in a suspension of violence. * In spite of the victory in the operation, on 21 May 2008 Pakistan signed a peace agreement with the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). * Short-lived peace in South Waziristan. |- | |Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem |28 June – 9 July 2008 |Bara |Pakistani victory

* Pakistan Army gained control of strategic town of Bara on the outskirts of Peshawar. * The Peshawar was secured from the threat of militant takeover. * Destruction of LeI command and training centers. |- | |Operation Sherdil |7 August 2008 – 28 February 2009 |Bajaur Agency |Decisive Pakistani victory

* Districts returned to Pakistani control * High ranking TTP leadership taken as POW * TTP's control confined to four agencies of FATA, namely, North Waziristan, Kurram, Khyber and Orakzai. * Mainland Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa secured. * Enduring peace across Malakand division. |- | |Operation Rah-e-Rast |16 May 2009 – 15 July 2009 |Swat |Decisive Pakistani victory

* Sub-Operation of ''Black Thunderstorm'' specifically targeted to flush out militants from Swat * Swat returned to government control * Multiple Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan commanders captured or killed * Ensured long term peace in Swat |- | |Operation Rah-e-Nijat |19 June 2009 – 12 December 2009 |South Waziristan Agency |Decisive Pakistani victory

* The military occupied the town of Kaniguram, a stronghold of former Russians fighters and Uzbeks led by the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. * Senior Taliban, Uzbek, Russian, and Al-Qaeda leadership abandoned their posts and escaped to neighboring Afghanistan * On December 12, 2009, the military took the control of the entire South Waziristan into the government control. * Pakistani forces established government writ in South Waziristan till Afghanistan-Pakistan border. * Enduring Peace in South Waziristan |- | |2009 Khyber Pass Offensive |1 September 2009 – 30 September 2009 |Khyber Agency |Pakistani victory

* 100% Orakzai and 90% of Kurram returned to Pakistani control * Militants fled to white mountains of Afghanistan Pakistan border * Sporadic militant attacks from white mountains continued in Kurram Agency |- | |Operation Brekhna |3 November 2009 – 20 December 2012 |Mohmand Agency |Decisive Pakistani victory

* Mohmand Agency fell back into the government control * Leadership of TTP fled to Afghanistan * Failure to kill or capture Ayman al-Zawahiri * Enduring peace in Mohmand |- | |Operation Koh-e-Sufaid |4 July 2011 – 18 August 2011 |Kurram Agency |Decisive Pakistani victory

* Militants flushed out from white mountains of Koh-e-Sufaid on Afghanistan–Pakistan border in Kurram Agency. * Thall–Parachinar transit route secured at Kharlachi border. * Militants fled across Afghanistan–Pakistan border * Kurram Agency effectively secured from militant attacks originating from Koh-e-Sufaid range. * Gains of Orakzai and Kurram offensive consolidated * Militants continued to maintain strong presence in Tirah Valley |- | |Operation Rah-e-Shahadat |5 April – 30 June 2013 |Tirah Valley |Decisive Pakistani victory

* Militants flushed out from Tirah Valley * Headquarters of Lashkar-e-Islam destroyed * TTP and LeI leadership fled across Afghanistan * Militants continued to pose threat to Khyber Agency from across the border. |}

===Withdrawal of military secondment from civilian institutions=== In January 2008 General Kayani passed a directive which ordered military officers not to maintain contacts with politicians.<ref>[http://news.monstersandcritics.com/southasia/news/article_1390892.php/Pakistan_military_withdraws_officers_from_civilian_duties "Pakistan military withdraws officers from civilian duties"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404031859/http://news.monstersandcritics.com/southasia/news/article_1390892.php/Pakistan_military_withdraws_officers_from_civilian_duties |date=4 April 2012 }} ''Monsters and Critics'', 12 February 2008</ref> It was further made public on 13 February 2008 that General Kayani ordered the withdrawal of military officers from all of Pakistan's government civil departments. It was an action that reversed the policies of his predecessor, President Musharraf. It was welcomed by President Musharraf's critics, who have long demanded that the military distance itself from politics. The Pakistani media reported that the army officers would be withdrawn from 23 wide-ranging civil departments, including the National Highway Authority, National Accountability Bureau, Ministry of Education, and Water and Power Development Authority.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/world/asia/13pstan.html?ref=world "New Pakistan Army Chief Orders Military Out of Civilian Government Agencies, Reversing Musharraf Policy"] ''The New York Times'', 2 February 2008</ref>

===General elections in 2008=== On 7 March 2008 General Kayani confirmed that Pakistan's armed forces would stay out of politics and support the new government. He told a gathering of military commanders in the garrison city of Rawalpindi that "the army fully stands behind the democratic process and is committed to playing its constitutional role". The comments made were after the results of the 2008 Pakistani general election where the Pakistan Peoples Party won the election and began forming a coalition government who were opposed to President Pervez Musharraf.<ref>Khalid Qayum. [https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601091&sid=aEuCmvHqeP9c&refer=india "Pakistan's Army Chief Kayani Pledges to Stay Out of Politics"] ''Bloomberg L.P.'', 6 March 2008</ref>

===Perceptions of Kayani as COAS=== When he became COAS, several top-level US officials visited General Kayani in succession to make up their own minds about him. Most, including the then CIA chief Michael Hayden, National Intelligence Director Mike McConnell and former CENTCOM-commander Admiral William J. Fallon came away confident that Kayani "knows what he's doing."<ref>Chauhan, Swaraaj, [http://themoderatevoice.com/17751/general-kayani-usas-new-poster-boy-in-pakistan/ "General Kayani: USA's New 'Poster Boy' In Pakistan?"], ''The Moderate Voice'', 13 February 2008.</ref>

Kayani's first move as army chief was to visit the front lines in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). He launched several successful operations against the TTP and its affiliates. All major kinetic operations, except the operation in North Waziristan, were conducted under command of Gen Kayani. He used to frequently visit the frontlines and was always easily accessible.

===War in Afghanistan and the United States=== [[File:US-Afghan-Pakistani military men.jpg|thumb|Gen. Kayani and Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal (Commander of NATO ISAF and US Forces Afghanistan) during 29th Tripartite Commission meeting.]] About the Afghan war, Kayani is reported to have said, "the Pakistani people believe that the real aim of U.S. [war] strategy is to denuclearize Pakistan."<ref>DeYoung, Karen, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/30/AR2011013004136.html?hpid=topnews "New estimates put Pakistan's nuclear arsenal at more than 100"], ''The Washington Post'', 31 January 2011.</ref> thumb|right|24 April 2013, John Kerry bids farewell to Gen. Kayani in Brussels, Belgium.

In January 2011, and after, there was criticism of General Kayani's handling of the Raymond Davis saga.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-03-17 |title=Pakistan army chief Kayani in US drone outburst |language=en-GB |agency=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12779232 |access-date=2023-04-21}}</ref> Davis, a CIA contractor, was hastily tried and acquitted of murder charges in exchange for blood money paid to relatives of the victims, after which he was sent out of Pakistan within a matter of hours. Knowing the dynamics of the Pakistani state and the nature of this particular case, it was impossible for Davis to be released and deported from Pakistan without the knowledge and co-operation of Pakistan's Army and the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazzetti |first=Mark |date=2013-04-09 |title=How a Single Spy Helped Turn Pakistan Against the United States |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/14/magazine/raymond-davis-pakistan.html |access-date=2023-04-21 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

The day after Davis' release, over 40 people were killed in the Datta Khel airstrike in North Waziristan in the FATA, in a drone strike by a US Predator aircraft. The target appeared to be a compound operated by Hafiz Gul Bahadur, a Tehrik-i-Taliban leader. The dead included local tribal leaders.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rodrigue|first=Alex|title=Pakistan denounces U.S. drone strike|url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2011-mar-18-la-fg-pakistan-drone-attack-20110318-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=18 March 2011|access-date=21 March 2011}}</ref> The strike, intended to further the local war effort, instead added to the unpopularity of drone strikes and added to the anti-American sentiment in Pakistan. Kayani conducted a rare press conference in which he condemned the drone strike (even persuading the Pakistani government to summon American Ambassador to Pakistan, Cameron Munter, and lodge a "protest in the strongest possible terms") and labelled it "intolerable". In 2011, after delivering a long lecture at the National Defence University, one staff officer reportedly got up and challenged his policy of co-operation with the United States.<ref name="THe New York Times, 2011 (NDU)">{{cite news|last=Perlez|first=Jane|title=Pakistan's Chief of Army Fights to Keep His Job|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/16/world/asia/16pakistan.html |access-date=6 December 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 June 2011}}</ref> The officer asked, "If they don't trust us, how can we trust them?" according to one professor who was briefed on the session.<ref name="THe New York Times, 2011 (NDU)" /> General Kayani essentially responded, "We can't."<ref name="THe New York Times, 2011 (NDU)" />

Kayani's comments about the Datta Khel strike were viewed in the broader context of public and private communications by Pakistani officials with Washington, including an April 2011, visit by the head of the ISI, Lt. Gen. Ahmed Shuja Pasha, to CIA Director Leon Panetta at CIA headquarters. "[S]ome officials in both countries [were] saying intelligence ties [we]re at their lowest point since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks spurred the alliance," according to one report. The report went on to say the overall communications included private demands that the CIA suspend drone strikes and also reduce the number of US intelligence and Special Operations personnel in the country. After the ISI-CIA meeting, CIA spokesman George Little stated that the intelligence relationship "remains on solid footing".<ref>Entous, Adam, and Matthew Rosenberg, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704662604576257273696136418?mod=WSJ_hp_MIDDLENexttoWhatsNewsSecond "Pakistan Tells U.S. to Halt Drones"], ''The Wall Street Journal'', 12 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011.</ref>

== Retirement ==

In 2013, General Kayani was in the race for the chairmanship of joint chiefs of staff committee along with Admiral Asif Sandila and Air Chief Marshal Tahir Rafiq; though he was shortlisted for the appointment, on 6 October 2013, General Kayani announced that he would be retiring, his due date of retirement in November,<ref>{{cite news| url=http://in.reuters.com/article/pakistan-military-chief-kayani-idINDEE99506620131006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306233817/http://in.reuters.com/article/pakistan-military-chief-kayani-idINDEE99506620131006 | url-status=dead | archive-date=6 March 2016 | work=Reuters | title=Pakistan's military chief Kayani says he will retire in November | date=6 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defencetalk.com/pakistans-powerful-army-chief-confirms-retirement-49304/ |title=Pakistan's powerful army chief confirms retirement |date=8 October 2013}}</ref> ending speculation that he might get another extension or would be appointed as Chairman Joint Chief of staff Committee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/613496/kayani-may-be-retained-in-powerful-security-role-after-retirement/|title = Kayani may be retained in powerful security role after retirement|date = 4 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-25741-Three-options-for-Gen-Kayani-on-the-table-but-Nawaz-will-decide|title = Coronavirus economic impacts: QWP seeks relief measures for people}}</ref>

His retirement was confirmed when Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif approved then-Lieutenant General Raheel Sharif as chief of army staff and Lieutenant General Rashid Mehmood as Chairman Joint chiefs on 27 November 2013.

==Awards and decorations== {| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" | colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}} |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Civilian).png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=130}} |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Baqa (1998).png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Istaqlal (2002).png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=10 years Service Medal.png|width=130}} |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=20 years Service Medal.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=30 years Service Medal.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=35 years Service Medal.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=40 years Service Medal.png|width=130}} |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Jamhuriat Tamgha 1988.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha Pakistan.svg|width=130}} |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Independence Day Golden Jubilee Medal, 2006.svg|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Command and Staff College Quetta Centenary Medal.svg|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Merit.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Order of King Abdulaziz, 1st Class (Saudi Arabia).png|width=130}} |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=US Legion of Merit Commander ribbon.png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Grand Cross of Military Merit - White (Spain).png|width=130}} |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Unknown Tajikistan Medal.png|width=130}} |} {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" | | colspan="2" |'''Nishan-e-Imtiaz''' '''(Military)'''

''(Order of Excellence)'' | |- ||'''Hilal-e-Imtiaz''' '''(Civilian)'''

''(Crescent of Excellence)''

'''(2004)''' ||'''Hilal-e-Imtiaz''' '''(Military)'''

''(Crescent of Excellence)'' ||'''Tamgha-e-Diffa''' ''(General Service Medal)''

'''Siachen Glacier Clasp''' ||'''Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War''' ''(War Star 1971)'' |- ||'''Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War''' ''(War Medal 1971)'' |'''Tamgha-e-Baqa''' ''(Nuclear Test Medal)''

'''1998''' |'''Tamgha-e-Istaqlal Pakistan''' ''(Escalation with India Medal)''

''(100th Birth Anniversary of''

''Muhammad Ali Jinnah)''

'''1976''' |'''Hijri Tamgha''' ''(Hijri Medal)''

'''1979''' |'''Jamhuriat Tamgha''' ''(Democracy Medal)''

'''1988''' |'''Qarardad-e-Pakistan Tamgha''' ''(Resolution Day''

''Golden Jubilee Medal)''

'''1990''' |- |'''Tamgha-e-Salgirah Pakistan''' ''(Independence Day''

''Golden Jubilee Medal)''

'''1997''' |'''Command & Staff College''' '''Quetta'''

'''Instructor's Medal''' |'''Turkish Legion of Merit''' '''(Turkey)''' |'''Order of''' '''King Abdul Aziz''' '''(Saudi Arabia)''' |- |'''The Legion of Merit''' '''(Degree of Commander)'''

'''(United States)'''

'''2009''' |'''Legion of Honour'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan |url=https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail.php?id=648 |access-date=2022-05-31 |website=ispr.gov.pk}}</ref>

'''(France)'''

'''2009''' |'''Order of Military Merit''' '''(Spain)'''

'''2011''' |'''Order Of Glory''' '''(Tajikistan)''' '''2013''' |}

=== Foreign decorations === {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" style="background:#006400; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center" |'''Foreign Awards''' |- !'''{{flag|Turkey}}''' |'''Turkish Legion of Merit'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan |url=https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail.php?id=49 |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=ispr.gov.pk}}</ref> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Turkish Armed Forces Medal of Merit.png|width=130}} |- !{{flag|Saudi Arabia}} |'''Order of King Abdul Aziz (Class I)''' |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Order of King Abdulaziz, 1st Class (Saudi Arabia).png|width=130}} |- !'''{{flag|United States}}''' |'''The Legion of Merit (Degree of Commander)'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inter Services Public Relations Pakistan |url=https://ispr.gov.pk/press-release-detail.php?id=546 |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=ispr.gov.pk}}</ref> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=US Legion of Merit Commander ribbon.png|width=130}} |- !'''{{flag|France}}''' |'''Légion d'honneur''' |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Legion Honneur Chevalier ribbon.svg|width=130}} |- !'''{{flag|Spain}}''' |'''Order of Military Merit'''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-15 |title=Spain confers highest military honour upon Kayani |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/253249/spain-confers-highest-military-honour-upon-kayani |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Grand Cross of Military Merit - White (Spain).png|width=130}} |- !{{flag|Tajikistan}} |'''Order of Glory (Tajikistan)''' |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Unknown Tajikistan Medal.png|width=130}} |}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Ashfaq Parvez Kayani}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110930231946/http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-chiefs&dept=coas Official profile at ISPR website] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121122215610/http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=155 Official profile at Pakistan Army website] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7024719.stm Profile at BBC News] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081204103359/http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=11425 Profile at The News]

{{S-start}} {{S-mil}} |- {{S-bef|before=Ehsan ul Haq}} {{S-ttl|title=Director General of the Inter-Services Intelligence|years=2004–2007}} {{S-aft|after=Nadeem Taj}} |- {{S-bef|before=Ahsan Saleem Hyat}} {{S-ttl|title=Vice Chief of Army Staff|years=2007}} {{s-non|reason=Post abolished}} |- {{S-bef|before=Pervez Musharraf}} {{S-ttl|title=Chief of Army Staff|years=2007 – 2013}} {{S-aft|after=Raheel Sharif}} |- {{s-bef|before=Khalid Shameem Wynne}} {{s-ttl|title=Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (Acting)|years=2013}} {{S-aft|after=Rashad Mahmood}} {{end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kayani, Ashfaq Pervez}} Category:Living people Category:1952 births Category:People from Gujar Khan Category:Pakistan Military Academy alumni Category:Baloch Regiment officers Category:People of the Bangladesh Liberation War Category:Pakistani military personnel of the India–Pakistan war of 1971 Category:National Defence University (Pakistan) alumni Category:Academic staff of the National Defence University (Pakistan) Category:Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College Category:Government of Benazir Bhutto staffers and personnel Category:Pakistani generals Category:Directors-general of Inter-Services Intelligence Category:Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan Category:People of the insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Category:People of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Category:Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit Category:Psychological warfare theorists Category:Counterinsurgency theorists Category:Pakistani military theorists