{{Short description|Polish Jewish violinist and dance-music composer}} thumb|right|260px|The Gold-Petersburski Orchestra, '''Artur Gold''' in the back row, left.
'''Artur''' ('''Arthur''') '''Gold''' (born 17 March 1897, Warsaw, died 1943 in Treblinka)<ref name="Treblinka"/> was a Polish Jewish violinist and dance-music composer during the Interbellum. He closely collaborated with his brother Henryk Gold and with Jerzy Petersburski with whom he arranged music for his famous ensembles; they were among the most popular composers in interwar Poland and many of their hits were sung throughout the whole country.<ref name="fater" /> Gold ran an orchestra in the {{interlanguage link|Qui Pro Quo (theatre)|lt=Qui Pro Quo|pl|Qui Pro Quo}} theater (1922) and in the Warsaw "Adria" night club (1931–1939).
==Life== Artur Gold was the second son of Michał Gold, a musician in the Warsaw Opera; when Michał died an uncle took Artur to England, where he received his musical education.<ref name="fater">Isaschar Fater, ''Jewish Music in Poland Between the Two World Wars'', 1970.</ref> He later returned to Warsaw and played there for various venues including nightclubs. Some of his noted compositions were the foxtrot ''Gdy Petersburski razem z Goldem gra'' ("When Petersburski and Gold play together") (1926), the tango ''Gdy w ogrodzie botanicznym'' ("While in the botanical garden"), ''Jesienne róże'' ("Autumn roses"), ''Nie odchodź ode mnie'' (Don't walk away from me), ''Nie wierzę ci'' ("I don't trust you'"), ''Jaśminy'' (Jasmine), ''Kwiaciarka z Barcelony'' (Flower girl from Barcelona), ''Oczy czarne'' (Black Eyes), ''Ostatni jeszcze,'' and others. Most of the lyrics were by Andrzej Włast.<ref name="fater" />
Artur Gold also performed with English orchestras in the 1920s and recorded for Columbia records. In the 1930s he also recorded several albums for the Polish "{{interlanguage link|Odeon Records|preserve=y|lt=Odeon|pl|Odeon (wytwórnia płytowa)}}" record company.{{void|Fabrickator|comment|Specify "preserve=y" to prevent a match on the article title from deleting/overriding the Polish-language article title since the current English-language version of the article makes no mention of the Odeon brand being used in Poland.}}
==Treblinka extermination camp== After the German and Soviet invasion on Poland in September 1939, Artur Gold was forced into the newly created Warsaw Ghetto, in which he played with an orchestra. He was deported by the Germans with thousands of fellow inmates who boarded the Holocaust trains at the Umschlagplatz in Warsaw, destined for the gas chambers of German Treblinka extermination camp. He was not killed upon arrival there in 1942.<ref name="ARC ">{{cite web |url=http://www.deathcamps.org/treblinka/roll%20of%20remembrance.html |title=Gold, Artur. Treblinka Roll of Remembrance |publisher=ARC. Treblinka Camp History |access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref> He played for the Nazis in their casino, at least on one occasion dressed as a clown.<ref name="BBC">Monica Whitlock, [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21178079 Warsaw Ghetto: The story of its secret archive.] BBC News Online.</ref> He was murdered in 1943 in Treblinka. According to recollections of some of the Treblinka survivors Gold might have been killed during the uprising at Treblinka which occurred on 2 August 1943.<ref name="Treblinka">{{Citation|last1=Kopówka |first1=Edward |author-link1=Edward Kopówka |last2=Rytel-Andrianik |first2=Paweł |title=Treblinka II – Obóz zagłady |trans-title=Monograph, chapt. 3: Treblinka II Death Camp |language=Polish |url=http://echomatkibozejniepokalaniepoczetej.com/embnp/pages/assets/files/2011-09/dam_ime_na_wieki.pdf |publisher=Drohiczyńskie Towarzystwo Naukowe [The Drohiczyn Scientific Society] |work=Dam im imię na wieki [I will give them an everlasting name. Isaiah 56:5] |year=2011 |access-date=9 September 2013 |isbn=978-83-7257-496-1 |format=PDF file, direct download 20.2 MB |quote=with list of Catholic rescuers of Jews imprisoned at Treblinka, selected testimonies, bibliography, alphabetical indexes, photographs, English language summaries, and forewords by Holocaust scholars. |page=90 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010231757/http://echomatkibozejniepokalaniepoczetej.com/embnp/pages/assets/files/2011-09/dam_ime_na_wieki.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2014 }}</ref>
The melody of his song ''Chodź na Pragę (Come to Praga)'' (1930) is currently played as a Hejnał of the Warsaw borough of Praga, each day at noon.
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110214185129/http://holocaustmusic.ort.org/places/ghettos/warsaw/goldartur/ Music and the Holocaust] * [http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/nazioccupation/gold&szpilman.html About Artur Gold's orchestra in Treblinka and his death there.] * [https://polona.pl/search/?query=Artur_Gold&filters=creator:%22Gold,_Artur_(1897--1942)%22,creator:%22Gold,_Artur_(1897--1942)_Kompozytor%22,creator:%22Gold,_Artur_(1897--1943)%22,creator:%22Gold,_Artur_(1897--1942)_Kompozytor_%22,creator:%22Gold,_Artur__(1897--1942)%22,public:1,hasTextContent:0 Scores by Artur Gold] in digital library Polona
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gold, Artur}} Category:1897 births Category:1943 deaths Category:Jewish cabaret performers Category:Polish composers Category:Polish male violinists Category:Polish cabaret performers Category:Warsaw Ghetto inmates Category:Musicians from Warsaw Category:Jewish composers Category:Jewish songwriters Category:Jewish violinists Category:Polish civilians killed in World War II Category:Polish people who died in Treblinka extermination camp Category:20th-century Polish violinists Category:20th-century Polish comedians Category:20th-century Polish male musicians