Arthur Middleton Manigault

{{Short description|Confederate generals (1824–1886)}} {{Infobox military person |name= Arthur Middleton Manigault |birth_date= {{birth date|1824|10|26}} |death_date= {{death date and age|1886|8|17|1824|10|26}} |image= Arthur Middleton Manigault.jpg |image_size= 250px |caption= Arthur Middleton Manigault |nickname= |birth_place= Charleston, South Carolina |death_place= Georgetown County, South Carolina |burial_place= Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston, South Carolina |burial_label= Place of burial |allegiance= {{flagicon|USA}} United States of America<br />{{Flagicon|CSA|1864}} Confederate States of America |branch= {{army|CSA}} |service_years= 1861–1864 (C.S.A) |rank=35px Brigadier General |unit= |commands= |battles= Mexican–American War * Battle of Chapultepec American Civil War * Battle of Fort Sumter * Battle of Stone's River * Battle of Chickamauga * The Atlanta Campaign ** Battle of Resaca * Second Battle of Franklin |awards= |relations= |other_work=Adjutant and Inspector General of South Carolina, 1880–86 }} '''Arthur Middleton Manigault''' (October 26, 1824 – August 17, 1886) was a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.<ref>Wakelyn, ''Biographical Dictionary'', pp. 308-309.</ref>

==Early life and career== Manigault was born in Charleston, South Carolina in 1824. His parents were Joseph and Charlotte Manigault. His grandfather, Peter Manigault, was the richest person in British North America in 1770. Joseph Manigault's great-great-grandfather was Pierre Manigault [https://web.archive.org/web/20081212055830/http://www.familysearch.org/eng/default.asp] (1664–1729), a French Huguenot who was born in La Rochelle, France and settled in Charleston. His mother was both the daughter of Charles Drayton,<ref>A brother of Congressman William Henry Drayton and cousin to Jurist William Drayton</ref> a South Carolina Lt. Governor, and the granddaughter of Henry Middleton, the second President of the First Continental Congress, whose grandfather, Edward Middleton, emigrated from England via Barbados.<ref name="middletonplace">{{cite web |title=Middleton Place And Middleton Family Stories, Enslaved Charleston History, Plantation Life |url=https://www.middletonplace.org/explore/stories/ |website=www.middletonplace.org |publisher=Middleton Place |accessdate=1 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Her uncle, Arthur Middleton, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.

Manigault attended the College of Charleston, although he abandoned his studies to pursue an interest in business. During the Mexican–American War, he served in the United States Army as a first lieutenant with the Palmetto Regiment. From 1847 to 1856, he was a businessman in Charleston. On April 15, 1850 he married Mary Proctor Huger, the granddaughter of Daniel Elliott Huger.<ref>{Daniel Huger wife was a daughter of Arthur Middleton}</ref> They had five children together. In 1856, he inherited a rice plantation in Georgetown County, South Carolina and moved there.

==Civil War== A few days before the outbreak of the Civil War, Manigault participated in the Battle of Fort Sumter. He was colonel of the 10th South Carolina Infantry, and helped construct the batteries for the defense of Winyah Bay in Georgetown County. In March 1862, he was ordered to dismantle the coastal batteries and to ship the guns to Charleston. In April 1862, he was commanded to take his troops and report to General P. G. T. Beauregard with the Army of Mississippi.<ref>''Official Records'', Series 1, Vol. 1, p. 34; Vol. 6, pp. 268–69, 285, 417–418, 433–34.</ref>

In northern Mississippi, Manigault saw action during the Siege of Corinth. Afterwards he served with the reorganized Army of Tennessee and saw action at the Battles of Stone's River and Chickamauga. He was present during the Battle of Missionary Ridge.<ref>Eicher, ''The Longest Night'', p. 610.</ref> During the late spring and summer of 1864, he participated in the Atlanta campaign.

On April 26, 1863, he was promoted to brigadier general. During the war, he was wounded twice: first in Georgia at the Battle of Resaca in May 1864, and then at the Second Battle of Franklin during November 1864. His second injury prevented his return to active service.

==Postbellum activities== After the war, Manigault returned to manage his rice plantation in South Carolina. From 1880 to 1886, he served as the Adjutant and Inspector General of South Carolina. He died in Georgetown County, South Carolina in 1886 and is buried in the Magnolia Cemetery in Charleston.<ref>Owens and Owens, ''Generals at Rest'', p. 199.</ref>

==Notes== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==References== * Eicher, David J. ''The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-684-84944-7}}. * Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, ''Civil War High Commands''. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-8047-3641-1}}. * Owen, Richard, and James Owen. ''Generals at Rest: The Grave Sites of the 425 Official Confederate Generals''. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Co., 1997. {{ISBN|1-57249-045-4}}. * Sifakis, Stewart. ''Who Was Who in the Civil War''. New York: Facts On File, 1988. {{ISBN|978-0-8160-1055-4}}. * United States War Department. ''The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies''. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. {{OCLC|427057}}. * Warner, Ezra J. ''Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders''. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. {{ISBN|978-0-8071-0823-9}}. * [http://www.civilwarhome.com/dhhill.htm Online biography of Hill] * Wakelyn Jon L. ''Biographical Dictionary of the Confederacy''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977. {{ISBN|0-8371-6124-X}}.

==External links== {{Appletons' Poster|Manigault, Gabriel|Arthur Middleton Manigault}} * {{Find a Grave|9255|accessdate=2008-03-01}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manigault, Arthur Middleton}} Category:1824 births Category:1886 deaths Category:Military personnel from Charleston, South Carolina Category:Confederate States Army brigadier generals Category:United States Army officers Arthur Category:American military personnel of the Mexican–American War Category:People of South Carolina in the American Civil War Category:American people of Barbadian descent Category:American people of French descent Category:American people of English descent