{{Short description|British biochemist}} {{Use British English|date=July 2017}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} {{Infobox person | name = Arthur Gamgee | image = Arthur Gamgee. Photograph. Wellcome V0026427.jpg | alt = Portrait. Credit: Wellcome Collection | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1841|10|11}} | birth_place = Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1909|05|29|1841|10|11}} | death_place = Paris, France | resting_place = Arnos Vale Cemetery, Bristol, England | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|51.435|-2.565|display=inline}} | monuments = | known_for = Founder of the ''Edinburgh Veterinary Review'' | education = University College School | alma_mater = University of Edinburgh | occupation = Physiologist | title = {{Unbulleted list |MD Edin. (1862) |MRCP Edin. (1871) |FRCP Edin. (1872) |FRS (1872) |Brackenbury Professor of Physiology (1873) |President of the biological section of the British Association (1882) |Fullerian Professor of Physiology (1884–1886)<ref>The 1909 obituary for Gamgee in the journal ''Nature'' claims that he was Fullerian Professor from 1882 to 1885, but the ''Nature'' obituary and several other sources are wrong.</ref> |MRCP Lond. (1885) |FRCP Lond. (1896)}} | spouse = Mary Louisa Clark (1875–1909) | children = One son, two daughters | parents = Joseph Gamgee<br> Mary Ann West | relatives = {{Unbulleted list|John Gamgee (brother)|Joseph Sampson Gamgee (brother)|D'Arcy Thompson (nephew)}} | awards = | signature = }} Prof '''Arthur Gamgee''' FRS FRSE (11 October 1841 – 29 May 1909)<ref name="odnb"> {{cite ODNB | author = Power D'A, Davies RE | year = 2004 | title = Gamgee, Arthur (1841–1909) | url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33317 | access-date = 26 June 2010 | doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/33317 }}</ref> was a British biochemist.<ref name="obituary"> {{cite journal | date = 10 April 1909 | title = ARTHUR GAMGEE, M.D.Edin., F.R.C.P.Edin. and Lond., F.R.S | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 1 | issue = 2519 | pages = 933–934 | url= | doi = 10.1136/bmj.1.2519.933-a | pmc = 2318586 }}</ref>
==Life== Arthur Gamgee was the youngest of eight children of Joseph Gamgee, an Edinburgh-born veterinarian and pathologist and his wife Mary Ann West. He was born in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, where his father had a practice nearby in Livorno. His family moved to the United Kingdom when he was fourteen years old. He was educated at University College School in London and at the University of Edinburgh, graduating with an MD<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Gamgee |first=Arthur|date=1862 |title=Contributions to the physiology and chemistry of foetal nutrition |url=https://hdl.handle.net/1842/31773 |publisher=Edinburgh Medical School|hdl=1842/31773}}</ref> in 1862. For his thesis, ''Contributions to the Chemistry and Physiology of Foetal Nutrition'', he was awarded a gold medal. He did postgraduate studies in both Heidelberg and Leipzig in Germany.<ref name="SocEd index">{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0-902-198-84-X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf|access-date=17 June 2016|archive-date=24 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124115814/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 1867 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being Sir Andrew Douglas Maclagan.<ref name="SocEd index" />
He taught in the Edinburgh Extramural School of Medicine, giving lectures on physiology and histology at Surgeon's Hall. Between 1863 and 1869 he was Physician to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children.<ref name="odnb" /> In 1873 he was appointed Professor of Physiology at the Royal Manchester School of Medicine. He was also Physician to the Manchester Hospital for Consumption.<ref name="obituary"/> In 1872 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and delivered its Croonian Lecture in 1902.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27gamgee%27%29| title= Library and Archive catalogue| publisher= Royal Society|access-date= 31 January 2011}}</ref> Manuscript notes of Gamgee's physiology lectures from both Edinburgh and Manchester survive as part of the Manchester Medical Manuscripts Collection held by special collections at the University of Manchester with the reference MMM/19/1.
From 1884 to 1886 he was Fullerian Professor of Physiology and Comparative Anatomy at the Royal Institution of Great Britain;<ref>{{cite book|title=Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science|chapter=Arthur Gamgee appointed Fullerian Professor for 3 years|year=1884|volume=50|page=21|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0xjOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA23}}</ref> he did not serve the full three years of the Fullerian appointment because he resigned his chair in 1886 to take up private practice.<ref>{{cite book|title=List of the Members, Officers, and Professors|chapter=vacany in the Fullerian Professorship of Physiology|year=1887|publisher=Royal Institute of Great Britain|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YwQBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA41}}</ref><ref>{{cite DNB12|wstitle=Gamgee, Arthur}} This 1912 Supplement to the ''Dictionary of National Biography'' contains several errors.</ref> He was also the author of ''A Text-book of the Physiological Chemistry of the Animal Body: including an account of the chemical changes occurring in disease'', published in 1880.<ref> {{cite book | author = Gamgee, Arthur | year = 1880 | title = A Text-book of the Physiological Chemistry of the Animal Body, including an account of the chemical changes occurring in disease | publisher = Macmillan | location = London | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/44746 }}</ref>
He was awarded the honorary degree Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) from the University of Edinburgh in 1903.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=University intelligence|date=19 February 1903 |page=10 |issue=37008}}</ref>
Arthur Gamgee was fluent in French, German, and Italian.<ref name="odnb"/>
On 29 March 1909, he died of pneumonia during a visit to Paris. He was buried in the family vault in Arnos Vale Cemetery, Bristol.<ref name="odnb" />
==Family==
He married Mary Louisa Clark in 1875.
He was the brother of John Gamgee and Joseph Sampson Gamgee and uncle of D'Arcy Thompson.<ref name="odnb" />
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== * {{cite web | title = Fullerian Professorships | work = John 'Mad Jack' Fuller homepage | publisher = Annette Lloyd Thomas | url = https://johnmadjackfuller.homestead.com/fullerianprofessors.html | access-date = 28 June 2010 }} *{{cite book | author = Thompson, Ruth D'Arcy | year = 1974 | title = The Remarkable Gamgees: A Story of Achievement | publisher = Ramsay Head Press | location = Edinburgh | isbn = 978-0-902859-22-7 | pages = 216 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Xud9QgAACAAJ}} *{{cite journal | date = 17 April 1909 | title = Obituary – Arthur Gamgee, M.D.Edin., F.R.C.P.Lond., F.R.S., Emeritus Professor of Physiology, Victoria University, Manchester | journal = The Lancet | volume = 173 | issue = 4468 | pages = 1141–1148 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)66951-9}}
==External links== * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Arthur Gamgee}} * {{Wikisource author-inline}}
{{s-start}} {{s-aca}} {{succession box | before = John Gray McKendrick | title = Fullerian Professor of Physiology | years = 1884–1886 | after = George John Romanes}} {{s-end}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gamgee, Arthur}} Category:1841 births Category:1909 deaths Category:Expatriates in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany Category:19th-century Scottish people Category:Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Category:British biochemists Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Category:British fellows of the Royal Society Category:Fullerian Professors of Physiology Category:People educated at University College School