{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Arthrinium hysterinum (10.3897-mycokeys.49.32115) Figure 8.jpg | image_caption = ''Arthrinium hysterinum'' | taxon = Arthrinium | authority = Kunze (1817) | type_species = ''Arthrinium caricicola'' | type_species_authority = Kunze (1817) | synonyms = ''Camptoum'' <small>Link & L. (1824)</small><br> ''Gonatosporium'' <small>Corda (1839)</small><br> ''Goniosporium'' <small>Link (1809)</small><br> ''Microtypha'' <small>Speg. (1911)</small><br> ''Phaeoharziella'' <small>Loubière (1924)</small><br> ''Pseudobasidium'' <small>Tengwall (1924)</small><br> ''Racemosporium'' <small>Moreau & V. Moreau (1941)</small><br> ''Rhinocephalum'' <small>Kamyschko (1961)</small><br> ''Sporophleum'' <small>Nees ex Link, L. (1824)</small><br> ''Tureenia'' <small>J.G.Hall (1915)</small> | synonyms_ref = <ref name="Mycobank" /> }}
'''''Arthrinium''''' is a genus of minute disease-causing fungi which belong to the family Apiosporaceae and which are parasitic on flowering plants such as sedges. These fungi have an anamorphic life cycle stage where spores are produced asexually in structures called conidia and a teleomorphic stage where sexual spores are produced in asci.<ref name="GBIF"/><ref name="Pintos 2019"/>
Historically the name ''Arthrinum'' represented the anamorph form and a different genus name was used for the teleomorph form; however after a decision in 2011 one name or the other has to be selected as the current name for all cases. The corresponding teleomorph-derived name varies from species to species of ''Arthrinium'' but most commonly it is ''Apiospora'', for instance the teleomorph synonym of the species ''Arthrinium balearicum'' is ''Apiospora balearica''. There is a tendency to prefer the teleomorph name and the genus name ''Arthrinium'' is not the current official one for all species.<ref name="Pintos 2019"/><ref name=SF/>
The genus was first described by Gustav Kunze in 1817.<ref name="GBIF" />
The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution.<ref name="GBIF" />
''Arthrinium caricola''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=D. L. |last2=Chang |first2=S. C. |last3=Lin |first3=S. C. |last4=Doong |first4=M. L. |last5=Jong |first5=S. C. |title=Production of 3-nitropropionic acid by Arthrinium species |journal=Current Microbiology |date=1994 |volume=28 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1007/BF01575978 |url=https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US9507900 |language=English |issn=0343-8651|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and ''A. saccharicola'' produce the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropanoic acid.<ref name="saccharicola"/>
Selected species: * ''Arthrinium caricicola'' * ''Arthrinium carinatum'' * ''Arthrinium phaeospermum'' * ''Arthrinium puccinioides'' * ''Arthrinium sphaerospermum'' * ''Arthrinium saccharicola''<ref name="saccharicola"/>
==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="GBIF">{{cite web |title=Arthrinium Kunze |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2569332 |website=www.gbif.org |access-date=18 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Mycobank" >{{cite web|url=https://www.mycobank.org/page/Name%20details%20page/field/Mycobank%20%23/7214|title=Mycobank: ''Arthrinium''|accessdate=2021-02-19}}</ref>
<ref name="Pintos 2019">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pintos Á, Alvarado P, Planas J, Jarling R |title=Six new species of ''Arthrinium'' from Europe and notes about ''A. caricicola'' and other species found in ''Carex'' spp. hosts |journal=MycoKeys |year=2019 |issue=49 |pages=15–48 |doi=10.3897/mycokeys.49.32115 |doi-access=free |pmid=30918449 |pmc=6424953 }}</ref>
<ref name=SF>{{cite web |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/GSDSpecies.asp?RecordID=837665 |title=the ''Apiospora balearica'' page |work=Species Fungorum |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Kew |accessdate=2021-01-28 }}</ref>
<ref name="saccharicola">{{cite journal |vauthors=Birkelund T et al. |title=Fatal 3-Nitropropionic Acid Poisoning after Consuming Coconut Water|journal=Emerg. Infect. Dis.|year=2021|volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=278–280 |doi=10.3201/eid2701.202222|pmid=33350928 |pmc=7774558}}</ref> }}
==External links== *[https://www.gbif.org/species/2569332 Images & occurrence data for ''Arthrinium''] from GBIF
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Category:Enigmatic Sordariomycetes taxa Category:Sordariomycetes genera