{{Short description|Geological formation in Germany and Switzerland}} {{Infobox rockunit | name = Trossingen Formation | image = Saurierfundstelle Trossingen-9908.jpg | caption = Type exposure at Trossingen | type = [[Geological formation]] | age = [[Norian]]-[[Rhaetian]]<br />~{{fossil range|220|201}} | period = Late Triassic | prilithology = [[Marl]], [[claystone]] | otherlithology = [[Mudstone]], [[sandstone]], [[conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]] | namedfor = [[Trossingen]] | namedby = Beutler | year_ts = 2005 | region = [[Central Europe]] | country = [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]] | coordinates = {{coord|48.8|N|9.2|E|display=inline}} | paleocoordinates = {{coord|31.9|N|10.4|E|display=inline}} | unitof = [[Keuper]] | subunits = Feuerletten, Grenzmergel & Knollenmergel Members | underlies = [[Exter Formation]] | overlies = [[Löwenstein Formation]] | thickness = Franconia: {{convert|55|-|60|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />Southern Württemberg: {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}} | extent = Southern half of Germany | area = | map = {{Location map+ | Germany | relief = 1 | width = 250 | float = center | places = {{Location map~ | Germany | lat_deg = 48.8 | lon_deg = 9.2 | mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg | marksize = 10 }} {{Location map~ | Germany | lat_deg = 51.9 | lon_deg = 11.1 | mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg | marksize = 10 }} {{Location map~ | Germany | lat_deg = 49.5 | lon_deg = 11.1 | mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg | marksize = 10 }} {{Location map~ | Germany | lat_deg = 50.4 | lon_deg = 10.6 | mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg | marksize = 10 }} {{Location map~ | Germany | lat_deg = 47.7 | lon_deg = 8.5 | mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg | marksize = 10 }} }} | map_caption = }}
The '''Trossingen Formation''', formerly the '''Knollenmergel''' (also known as the '''Arnstadt Formation'''), is a geological [[Formation (geology)|formation]] in Germany and Switzerland. It dates back to the late [[Norian]]-[[Rhaetian]]. It belongs to the [[Keuper|Keuper Group]] of the Germanic Triassic. The Trossingen Formation is underlain by the [[Löwenstein Formation]] and erosively overlain by the [[Exter Formation]], in part also directly by the [[Black Jurassic]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission(Hrsg. ) Beutler |first1=Gerhard (Koord und Red ) Hauschke |last2=Nitsch |first2=E. |last3=Vath |first3=U. |date=2005-08-29 |title=Stratigraphie von Deutschland IV: Keuper |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/3510613767 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.schweizerbart.de |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Nitsch |first=Edgar |date=2006-06-13 |title=Der Keuper in der in der Stratigraphischen Tabelle von Deutschland 2002: Formationen und Folgen |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/nos/detail/41/63489/Der_Keuper_in_der_in_der_Stratigraphischen_Tabelle_von_Deutschland_2002_Formationen_und_Folgen |journal=Newsletters on Stratigraphy |volume=41 |issue=1–3 |language=de |pages=159–171 |doi=10.1127/0078-0421/2005/0041-0159|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
== Definition == [[File:Saurierfundstelle Trossingen-0040.jpg|left|thumb|Outcrop at Trossingen]] The horizontal boundary of the Trossingen Formation is a diachronous facies boundary and is characterized by the exposure of the sandstones of the [[Löwenstein Formation]]. The hanging wall boundary is also sharply defined facially and characterized by the erosive overburden with terrestrial sediments of various locally widespread strata of the [[Exter Formation]] (Malschenberg Clay or Sandstone, Contorta Clay, Tübingen Sandstone) or, in the case of the more extensive Upper Keuper Hiatus, directly with the dark marine mudstones of the [[Hettangian]] onwards [[Black Jurassic]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
The Trossingen Formation itself consists of fairly uniform, reddish-brown to red, sometimes purple claystones with occasional layers of calcareous nodules (hence the name "Knollenmergel"). In northern [[Franconia]], continuous limestone crusts several meters thick can also occur.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Beutler |first1=G |url=https://lgrbwissen.lgrb-bw.de/faziesentwicklung-des-keupers-im-germanischen-becken |title=Trias – Eine ganz andere Welt – Mitteleuropa im frühen Erdmittelalter |last2=Hauschke |first2=N. |last3=Nitsch |first3=E. |last4=Hauschke |first4=N. |last5=Wilde |first5=V. |date=1999 |publisher=Pfeil |location=München}}</ref> Carbonaceous mudstones and silicified limestones also occur locally at the top of the succession.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
The Trossingen Formation is restricted to the edge area of the Vindelizian Threshold and thus to the South German stratigraphic zone. The average thickness is about 40 to 50 m, in northern Franconia values between 55 and 60 m are reached. In southern [[Württemberg]] (Wutach area), the thickness decreases to 10 m.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mückenhausen |first=E. |date=1977 |title=Die Bodenkunde und ihre geologischen, geomorphologischen, mineralogischen und petrologischen Grundlagen |journal=Soil Science |language=en |volume=123 |issue=3 |page=209 |doi=10.1097/00010694-197703000-00016|bibcode=1977SoilS.123R.209. |s2cid=129705943 }}</ref> The differences in thickness are due on the one hand to the interlocking with the Löwenstein Formation and on the other hand to the Rhaetian/Early Jurassic erosion.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
Chronostratigraphically, the Trossingen Formation is placed in the uppermost Norian or lower Rhaetian (upper Upper Triassic). The type locality or type profile is the impact slope of the [[Trosselbach]] near Trossingen ([[Tuttlingen (district)|Tuttlingen district]]). It was named after the town of Trossingen. The type region is southwestern [[Baden-Württemberg]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
The outcrops of the Trossingen Formation are characterized by so-called "[[Hummocky cross-stratification|hummocky]]" meadows. It forms very heavy soils (minute soil), which can be recognized by typical tree growth (crooked and leaning trees), and is prone to frequent landslides after rainfall.<ref name=":2" /> Tuberous marl landscapes can often only be used for orchards.<ref name=":1" />[[File:Trossingen formation NT.jpg|thumb|Selected fauna of the Trossingen Formation|left|231x231px]]Due to its richness in claystone, the Knollenmergel, like many Keuper formations, is a difficult subsoil for buildings of any kind because the claystones contain three-layer clay minerals that are swellable due to water retention in the intermediate layers. Intensive arable farming is therefore also problematic due to the fact that it is highly dependent on weather conditions.<ref name=":1" /> Like many claystone-dominated rock sequences, nodular marl tends to creep on slopes. This manifests itself in the sabre growth of trees on slopes.<ref name=":1" />
The lithology of the Trossingen Formation, particularly at the Trossingen dinosaur site, is dominated by fine-grained sediments with minimal stratification, indicating post-depositional disturbance. [[Sandstone]]s are rare, appearing only as thin intercalations in certain areas. Is dominated by [[mudstone]]s with varying compositions and colors, divided into three main stratigraphic units: the lower beds, dark purple, marbled mudstones rich in [[carbonate]]s. They contain calcitic replacements of small roots and show signs of [[pedogenic]] processes, including mud cracks and [[Breccia|pseudobreccias]]. The presence of carbonate is highest in these beds, contributing to their distinctive texture and appearance.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Schoch |first1=Rainer R. |last2=Seegis |first2=Dieter |date=2014-12-01 |title=Taphonomy, deposition and pedogenesis in the Upper Triassic dinosaur beds of Trossingen |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12549-014-0166-8 |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |language=en |volume=94 |issue=4 |pages=571–593 |doi=10.1007/s12549-014-0166-8 |bibcode=2014PdPe...94..571S |issn=1867-1608|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Next are homogeneous red-brown beds of light reddish-brown mudstones with lower carbonate content. They contain occasional small, round carbonate nodules, which increase in size and clustering towards the lower part of the unit.<ref name=":3" /> The last beds range from light purple to brown mudstones and have moderate carbonate content. Some layers contain calcitic root replacements, scattered carbonate nodules, and mud cracks that transition into pseudobreccias. This unit lacks the marbled appearance of the Lower Beds but shares similarities in texture and composition.<ref name=":3" />
== Historical Work == [[File:Sauriergrabung in Trossingen 1912.jpg|left|thumb|Excavation in Trossingen, 1912]] The Trossingen Formation's excavation history dates back to the early 20th century when a schoolboy stumbled upon dinosaur bone fragments at a site known as "the Rutschete". His discovery caught the attention of local scientists, leading to initial excavations by [[Eberhard Fraas]] in 1911. By 1912, his team had uncovered scattered bones and two articulated skeletons, one of which remains one of the best-preserved plateosaur specimens.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fraas |first=E. |date=1913 |title=The new Dinosaurierfunde in der schwäbischen Trias |journal=Die Naturwissenschaften |volume=1 |issue=45 |pages=1097–1100 |doi=10.1007/bf01493265 |issn=0028-1042}}</ref>
[[Friedrich von Huene]], aware of the site since 1904 but initially lacking funds, launched his own major excavation in 1921, supported by the [[American Museum of Natural History]] and local entrepreneurs. His team unearthed 12 ''Plateosaurus'' skeletons, employing university students under spartan conditions. His findings were split between Tübingen, the AMNH, and later [[Yale University]]. Huene originally theorized that the dinosaurs perished in an arid desert setting but later modified his view to suggest that the animals died of exhaustion near a muddy water source.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=von Huene |first=F. |date=1928 |title=Lebensbild des Saurischier-Vorkommens im obersten Keuper von Trossingen in Württemberg |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Palaeobiologica_1_0103-0116.pdf |journal=Haim}}</ref>
A large-scale excavation followed in 1932, led by [[Reinhold Seemann]] from the [[Stuttgart Natural History Museum]]. With a team of 25, he unearthed 39 individual skeletons, noting that the Lower Dinosaur Bed contained better-preserved material. Seemann refuted Huene's desert hypothesis, instead proposing that the region once held a lake, and supported the idea that many Plateosaurus specimens became trapped in mud. His meticulous field notes and maps provided a detailed record of the site, though much of the material was later destroyed in [[World War II]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Martin Sander |first=P. |date=1992-06-01 |title=The norian Plateosaurus bonebeds of central Europe and their taphonomy |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/003101829290100J |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=255–299 |doi=10.1016/0031-0182(92)90100-J |bibcode=1992PPP....93..255M |issn=0031-0182|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Interest in the site waned after 1932, with subsequent research relying on past records. Later studies, including those by Weishampel in the 1980s and Sander in 1992, refined theories on the formation's depositional history, emphasizing miring as a key factor in preserving the dinosaurs.<ref name=":4" />
Excavations resumed in 2007, conducted by the [[Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart]]. Over multiple campaigns, new fossil-bearing layers were identified, revealing additional ''Plateosaurus'' skeletons and providing fresh insights into the site's sedimentology and paleoenvironment.<ref name=":3" />
== Paleoenvironment == [[File:Liliensternus abelov2014.jpg|left|thumb|Paleoenvironment reconstruction|230x230px]] The Trossingen Formation facies formed as a result of episodic sheet floods in a well-drained [[Playa lake|playa]] basin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vollmer |first1=Thorsten |last2=Werner |first2=Ricken |last3=Weber |first3=Michael |last4=Tougiannidis |first4=Nikolaos |last5=Röhling |first5=Heinz-Gerd |last6=Hambach |first6=Ulrich |date=2008 |title=Orbital control on Upper Triassic Playa cycles of the Steinmergel-Keuper (Norian): A new concept for ancient playa cycles |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=267 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.12.017 |bibcode=2008PPP...267....1V |issn=0031-0182}}</ref> This region was heavily influenced by the Triassic Pangaean monsoon system, often referred to as a "[[Monsoon|megamonsoon]]". While many Keuper clay beds contain evaporitic sulphate minerals, the deposits are unique in their lack of such minerals, despite showing desiccation features like [[mudcrack]]s.<ref name=":2" /> This suggests they were deposited on a dry [[mudflat]] where groundwater was too deep for evaporite formation, allowing pedogenic processes to dominate.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Richter |first=Detlev K. |date=1985 |title=Die Dolomite der Evaporit- und der Dolcrete Playasequenz im mittleren Keuper bei Coburg (NE-Bayern) |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpa/detail/170/102732/Die_Dolomite_der_Evaporit_und_der_Dolcrete_Playasequenz_im_mittleren_Keuper_bei_Coburg_NE_Bayern |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |language=de |pages=87–128 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/170/1985/87|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The playa stretched from northern [[Switzerland]] through parts of Germany, including Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Thuringia, and Saxony-Anhalt, transitioning into central playa lake and lacustrine facies further north.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Shukla |first1=U. K. |last2=Bachmann |first2=G. H. |last3=Beutler |first3=G. |last4=Barnasch |first4=J. |last5=Franz |first5=M. |date=2006-11-01 |title=Extremely distal fluvial sandstone within the playa system of Arnstadt Formation (Norian, Late Triassic), Central Germany |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10347-006-0049-1 |journal=Facies |language=en |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=541–554 |doi=10.1007/s10347-006-0049-1 |bibcode=2006Faci...52..541S |issn=1612-4820|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
The paleoenvironment, particularly the Knollenmergel claystones, suggests a landscape shaped by alternating wet and dry conditions. The presence of features like pedogenic slickensides, pseudoanticlines, and deep desiccation cracks indicates that the sediments underwent significant soil formation processes. These characteristics align with vertisols-soils that form in climates with strong seasonal moisture fluctuations.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":17">{{Cite journal |last=Reinhardt |first=L. |last2=Ricken |first2=W. |date=2000 |title=Climate cycles documented in a playa system: comparison of geochemical signatures derived from subbasins (Triassic, Middle Keuper, German Basin). |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260183556_Climate_Cycles_Documented_in_a_Playa_System_Comparison_of_Geochemical_Signatures_Derived_from_Subbasins_Triassic_Middle_Keuper_German_Basin |journal=Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=315–340}}</ref>
The Knollenmergel paleosols likely developed through repeated deposition of clay-rich layers, each becoming integrated into the soil through swelling and shrinking processes. The widespread evidence of root structures suggests that vegetation was present at times, though oxidation may have destroyed other plant remains.<ref name=":11" /> Carbonate nodules, sometimes forming vertical "pillars," point to periods of increased aridity, leading to the formation of [[calcrete]]s. The Red-Brown Beds, distinct in color and composition, likely represent a more arid phase, contrasting with the more humid conditions inferred for the purple vertisol layers.<ref name=":3" />
Among the playa-alike deposits, ''[[Porcellispora]] longdonensis'' suggests communities of liverworts in ephemeral lakes similar to the extant genus ''[[Riella]]''.<ref name=":17" /> Hypersaline conditions were marked by the alga ''[[Plaesiodictyon]] mosellanum''. The dominant pollen is mostly of [[Hirmeriellaceae]] conifers (''[[Classopollis]]'', ''[[Granuloperculatipollis]]'' rudis) possibly representing adjacent river margins.<ref name=":17" /> Small marine incursions likely happened in the uppermost sections, based on associated freshwater ''[[Botryococcus]]'' with marine dinoflajellates (''[[Micrhystridium]]'', ''[[Veryhachium]]'').<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barth |first=G. |last2=Franz |first2=M. |last3=Heunisch |first3=C. |last4=Ernst |first4=W. |last5=Zimmermann |first5=J. |last6=Wolfgramm |first6=M. |date=2018-01-01 |title=Marine and terrestrial sedimentation across the T–J transition in the North German Basin |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018217303140 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=489 |pages=74–94 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.09.029 |issn=0031-0182}}</ref>
The Trossingen site also preserves numerous dinosaur fossils, particularly ''Plateosaurus'', with many skeletons found in life-like postures. This suggests rapid burial, likely in soft, clay-rich sediments that acted as natural mud traps. Such conditions are consistent with the presence of gilgai—depressions in vertisol landscapes that can retain water and become hazards for large animals. The overall environmental picture is one of a floodplain subject to periodic drying and wetting, supporting intermittent vegetation and experiencing long-term soil development processes.<ref name=":3" />
== Paleobiota == {{Paleobiota-key-compact}}
=== Molluscs === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- |''[[Paludina]]''<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Kuhn |first=O. |date=1939 |title=Beiträge zur Keuperfauna von Halberstadt [Contributions to the Keuper fauna of Halberstadt] |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03042753 |journal=Paläontologische Zeitschrift |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=258–286|doi=10.1007/BF03042753 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> |''aff. P. sp.'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Shells |A [[Viviparidae|viviparid]] gastropod | |- |''[[Unionites]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''U. postera'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Shells |A [[unionid]] bivalve | |- |[[Unio (bivalve)|''Unio'']]<ref name=":12" /> |''U. franconicus'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Shells |A [[unionid]] bivalve |[[File:Unio mancus2 A MRKVICKA.JPG|thumb|Extant ''Unio'' specimen|center|213x213px]] |}
=== Fish === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- |''[[Acrodus]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''cf. A. sp.'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Teeth |A [[hybodont]] Chondrichthyan | |- |''[[Birgeria]]''<ref name=":19">{{Cite journal |last=Numberger-Thuy |first=Lea D. |last2=Delsate |first2=Dominique |last3=Poschmann |first3=Markus J. |last4=Schindler |first4=Thomas |last5=Thuy |first5=Ben |date=2025-08-12 |title=A new phytosaur-dominated vertebrate assemblage from the Late Triassic of the South Eifel region (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany) |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpa/detail/prepub/107230/A_new_phytosaur_dominated_vertebrate_assemblage_from_the_Late_Triassic_of_the_South_Eifel_region_Rhineland_Palatinate_Germany |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |language=en |pages=187–208 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/1273}}</ref> |''B. sp'' | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Multiple teeth and scales |A [[Birgeriiformes]] bony fish | |- | rowspan="2" |''[[Ceratodus]]''<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Huene |first=F. v. |date=1911 |title=Die jungtriassische Wirbeltierfauna von Niederschönthal bei Basel [The Upper Triassic vertebrate fauna of Niederschönthal near Basel]. |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=47802 |journal=Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie |pages=422–424}}</ref> |''C. latissimus'' | * Niederschönthal, Liestal |Tooth plates |A [[ceratodontid]] lungfish | rowspan="2" |[[File:Ceratodus BW.jpg|thumb|Example of ''Ceratodus'' specimen|center]] |- |''C. sp.'' | * Niederschönthal, Liestal |Tooth plates |A [[ceratodontid]] lungfish |- |''[[Colobodus]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''cf. C. sp.'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Teeth |A [[colobodontid]] bony fish | |- |''[[Gyrolepis]]''<ref name=":19" /> |''G. sp'' | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Multiple teeth and scales |A [[Palaeonisciformes|Palaeonisciform]] bony fish | |- |''[[Hybodus]]''<ref name=":13" /> |''H. sp.'' | * Niederschönthal, Liestal |Teeth |A [[hybodont]] Chondrichthyan |[[File:Full body reconstruction of Hybodus by Victoria Grabowski.png|thumb|Example of ''Hybodus'' specimen|center|227x227px]] |- |''[[Hypsocormus]]''?<ref name=":12" /> |''cf.H. sp.'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Teeth |''Incertae sedis'' | |- |''[[Lissodus]]''<ref name=":19" /> |''L. minimus'' | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Multiple teeth and spine fragments |A [[hybodont]] Chondrichthyan | |- |''[[Nemacanthus]]''<ref name=":19" /> |''N. sp'' | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Multiple teeth and spine fragments |A [[Synechodontiformes|Synechodontiform]] Chondrichthyan | |- |''[[Paralepidotus]]''<ref name=":19" /> |''P. sp'' | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Multiple teeth and scales |A [[Semionotidae]] bony fish | |- |''[[Prolepidotus]]''<ref name=":13" /> |''P. spp.'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Teeth |A [[Lepisosteiformes|lepisosteiform]] bony fish | |- |''[[Ptychoceratodus]]''<ref name=":19" /> |''P. sp.'' | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Tooth plates |A [[ceratodontid]] lungfish | |- |[[Ptycholepididae]]<ref name=":19" /> |Indeterminate | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Tooth plates |''Incertae sedis'' | |- |''[[Rhomphaiodon]]''<ref name=":19" /> |''R. minor'' | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Multiple teeth |A [[Synechodontiformes|Synechodontiform]] Chondrichthyan | |- |''[[Saurichthys]]''<ref name=":19" /> |''S. sp'' | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Multiple teeth and scales |A [[Saurichthyidae]] bony fish | |}
=== Amphibia === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- | rowspan="2" |''[[Cyclotosaurus]]''<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last1=Schoch |first1=Rainer R. |last2=Moreno |first2=Raphael |date=2024 |title=Synopsis on the temnospondyls from the German Triassic |url=https://bioone.org/journals/Palaeodiversity/volume-17/issue-1/pale.v17.a2/Synopsis-on-the-temnospondyls-from-the-German-Triassic/10.18476/pale.v17.a2.full |journal=Palaeodiversity |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |doi=10.18476/pale.v17.a2 |issn=1867-6294 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116124342/https://bioone.org/journals/Palaeodiversity/volume-17/issue-1/pale.v17.a2/Synopsis-on-the-temnospondyls-from-the-German-Triassic/10.18476/pale.v17.a2.full |archive-date=2025-01-16|url-access=subscription }}</ref> |''C. hemprichi'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |HMH, a complete large skull with mandible (62.5 cm) | rowspan="2" |A [[Cyclotosauridae|cyclotosaurid]] temnospondyl. Also known as ''[[Hemprichisaurus]]''. | rowspan="2" |[[File:CyclotosaurusDB2.jpg|thumb|''Cyclotosaurus'' reconstruction|center]] |- |''aff. C. posthumus'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Desarticulated material |- | rowspan="2" |''[[Gerrothorax]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''G. pulcherrimus'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Desarticulated material | rowspan="2" |A [[plagiosaurid]] temnospondyl. | rowspan="2" |[[File:Gerrothorax BW.jpg|thumb|''Gerrothorax'' reconstruction|center]] |- |''G. sp.'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Desarticulated material |- |''[[Hercynosaurus]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''H. carinidens'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Mandible |A [[Cyclotosauridae|cyclotosaurid]] temnospondyl. | |- |''[[Metoposaurus]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''M. ultimus'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Teeth |A [[Metoposauridae|metoposaurid]] temnospondyl. | |- | rowspan="2" |''[[Plagiosaurus]]''<ref name=":14" /> |''P. depressus'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |MB.Am.637, posterolateral portion of skull; Multiple referred specimens | rowspan="2" |A [[Plagiosauridae|plagiosaurid]] temnospondyl. | rowspan="2" |[[File:Plagiosaurus DB.jpg|thumb|277x277px|''Plagiosaurus'' reconstruction|center]] |- |''P. sp.'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Desarticulated material |- |''[[Saurischiocomes]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''S. keuperinus'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Specimens |''Incertae sedis'' | |- | [[Temnospondyli]]<ref name=":13" /> | Indeterminate | * Niederschönthal, Liestal | Specimens |Indeterminate Amphibian remains | |}
=== Therapsida === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- |''[[Eoraetia]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBDB Taxon |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=400967 |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=paleobiodb.org}}</ref> |''E. siegerti'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Isolated unla |''Incertae sedis'' | |- |[[Thomasia (animal)|''Thomasia'']]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Butler |first1=P. M. |last2=Macintyre |first2=G. T. |date=1997 |title=Review of the British Haramiyidae (? Mammalia, Allotheria), their molar occlusion and relationships |url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.1994.0119 |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=345 |issue=1314 |pages=433–458 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1994.0119|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Mujal |first=Eudald |last2=Sues |first2=Hans-Dieter |last3=Moreno |first3=Raphael |last4=Schaeffer |first4=Joep |last5=Sobral |first5=Gabriela |last6=Chakravorti |first6=Sanjukta |last7=Spiekman |first7=Stephan N. F. |last8=Schoch |first8=Rainer R. |date=2025-03-04 |title=Triassic terrestrial tetrapod faunas of the Central European Basin, their stratigraphical distribution, and their palaeoenvironments |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825225000467 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |article-number=105085 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105085 |issn=0012-8252|doi-access=free }}</ref> |''T. hahni'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Teeth |A [[Haramiyida]]n | |}
=== Sauropterygia === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- |''[[Chelyoposuchus]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''C. crassisquamatus'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Semiarticulated specimen |A [[Henodontidae]] placodont | |- |[[Placodontia]]<ref name=":13" /> |Indeterminate | * Niederschönthal, Liestal |Isolated remains |Indeterminate placodont remains | |- |[[Plesiosaur]]ia<ref name=":13" /> |Indeterminate | * Niederschönthal, Liestal |Teeth |Indeterminate plesiosaur remains | |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''[[Plesiosaurus]]''<ref name=":12" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''P. keuperinus'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |Teeth | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''Nomen dubium'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | |}
=== Archosauromorpha === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- |''[[Chelyzoon]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''cf.Chelyzoon sp.'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Isolated remains |A [[Tanystropheidae|Tanystropheid]] | |- |''[[Elachistosuchus]]''<ref name="ElachistosuchusRev">{{Cite journal |last1=Sobral |first1=Gabriela |last2=Sues |first2=Hans-Dieter |last3=Müller |first3=Johannes |year=2015 |title=Anatomy of the Enigmatic Reptile ''Elachistosuchus huenei'' Janensch, 1949 (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Triassic of Germany and Its Relevance for the Origin of Sauria |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=10 |issue=9 |article-number=e0135114 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1035114S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0135114 |pmc=4564268 |pmid=26352985 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |''E. huenei'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |MB.R. 4520, which consists of six small blocks (I–VI) of bone-bearing rock |A possible basal [[Archosauromorpha|Archosauromorph]] |[[File:Elachistosuchus.PNG|thumb|''[[Elachistosuchus]]'' specimen|center]] |}
=== Lepidosauria === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- |''[[Parvosaurus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Freisem |first1=Lisa S. |last2=Müller |first2=Johannes |last3=Sues |first3=Hans-Dieter |last4=Sobral |first4=Gabriela |date=2024-03-16 |title=A new sphenodontian (Diapsida: Lepidosauria) from the Upper Triassic (Norian) of Germany and its implications for the mode of sphenodontian evolution |journal=BMC Ecology and Evolution |volume=24 |issue=1 |page=35 |doi=10.1186/s12862-024-02218-1 |doi-access=free |pmid=38493125 |pmc=10944618 |bibcode=2024BMCEE..24...35F |issn=2730-7182}}</ref> |''P. harudensis'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |MB.R.4520.2 (holotype) |A [[sphenodontian]] |[[File:Parvosaurus.png|thumb|''[[Parvosaurus]]'' specimen|center]] |}
=== Testudinata === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- |''[[Proganochelys]]''<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaffney |first=Eugene S. |title=The comparative osteology of the Triassic turtle Proganochelys. Bulletin of the AMNH ; no. 194 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/90075 |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> |''P. quenstedtii'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit * Heroldsberg, Feuerletten |MB 1910.45.2, skull and partial skeleton; multiple referred specimens |A basal [[Testudinata]]n. Includes the synonyms "''Stegochelys dux"'' & ''"Triassochelys dux".'' |[[File:Proganochelys Quenstedti.jpg|thumb|''[[Proganochelys]]'' specimen|center]] |}
=== Pseudosuchia === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- |[[Aetosaur]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matzke |first=Andreas T. |last2=Maisch |first2=Michael W. |date=2011-12-01 |title=The first aetosaurid archosaur from the Trossingen Plateosaurus Quarry (Upper Triassic, Germany) |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpa/detail/262/76492/The_first_aetosaurid_archosaur_from_the_Trossingen_Plateosaurus_Quarry_Upper_Triassic_Germany |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |language=en |pages=354–357 |doi=10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0203|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":15" /> |Indeterminate | * Obere Mühle |Isolated cranial bones and osteoderms |Aetosaur | |- | ''[[Angistorhinopsis]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=von Huene |first=F. |date=1911 |title=Beitrage zur Kenntnis und Beurteilung del'Parasuchier |url=https://www.osmikon.de/osmikonsearch/Record/991127788759707356 |journal=Geologische und Palaontologische Abhandlungen |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=65–122}}</ref> | ''A. ruetimeyeri'' | * Niederschönthal, Liestal | Skull fragments, vertebrae, scutes and laterally compressed serrated teeth |A [[Phytosaur]], known as "''Mystriosuchus ruetimeyeri"'' | |- |[[Mystriosuchinae]]<ref name=":19" /> |Indeterminate | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Phytosaur bonebed: isolated tooth crowns, isolated broken tooth, possible osteoderm and other isolated fragments |''Incertae sedis'' | |- |''[[Mystriosuchus]]''<ref name=":12" /> |''M. spp.'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit |Teeth, cranial and postcranial remains |A [[Phytosaur]] |[[File:Mystriosuchus planirostris NT.jpg|center|thumb|191x191px|''[[Mystriosuchus]]'']] |}
=== Pterosauria === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- |''[[Eudimorphodon]]''<ref name=":19" /> |''E. sp''. | * "Phytosaur bonebed", Bitburg |Isolated teeth |[[Eudimorphodontidae]] pterosaur |[[File:Eudimorphodon NT small.jpg|center|thumb|191x191px|''Eudimorphodon'']] |}
=== Sauropodomorphs === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- | rowspan="4" | ''[[Gresslyosaurus]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=von Huene |first=F. |date=1932 |title=Die fossil Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte – ScienceOpen |url=https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=d3531e20-31a8-45a0-9a27-ae9982e39446 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=www.scienceopen.com}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Fernández |first1=Omar Rafael Regalado |last2=Stöhr |first2=Henrik |last3=Kästle |first3=Benedikt |last4=Werneburg |first4=Ingmar |date=2023-12-18 |title=Diversity and taxonomy of the Late Triassic sauropodomorphs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha) stored in the Palaeontological Collection of Tübingen, Germany, historically referred to Plateosaurus |url=https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/2375 |journal=European Journal of Taxonomy |language=en |issue=913 |pages=1–88 |doi=10.5852/ejt.2023.913.2375 |doi-access=free|issn=2118-9773}}</ref>'' | ''G. ingens<ref name=":5" />''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Galton |first=Peter M. |date=1986 |title=Prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus (= Gresslyosaurus) (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Upper Triassic of Switzerland |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/app/refs?# |journal=Geologica et Palaeontologica |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=167–183}}</ref> | * Niederschönthal, Liestal | NMB BM 1, 10, 24, 53, 530–1, 1521, 1572–74, 1576–78, 1582, 1584–85, 1591 |A [[Plateosauridae|Plateosaurid]] sauropodomorph | rowspan="4" | [[File:Gresslyosaurus ingens.jpg|thumb|''[[Gresslyosaurus]]'' material|center]] |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''G. torgeri<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Huene |first=V |date=1905-01-01 |title=Trias-Dinosaurier Europas. |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/zdgg/detail/57/66206/Trias_Dinosaurier_Europas |journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft |language=de |pages=345–349}}</ref>'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * [[Kanton Baselland|Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit]] | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | "Postcranial skeleton" | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | Indeterminate sauropodomorph remains. A referred skull was once known but has since been lost. |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''G. robustus''<ref name=":7" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Bebenhausen * Trossingen | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |GPIT-PV-60293; GPIT-PV-30786 | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''Nomen dubium'' |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''G. (P.?) plieningeri'' <ref name=":7" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Degerloch, Stuttgart | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |SMNS 80664 | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''Nomen dubium'' |- | rowspan="4" |''[[Pachysauriscus]]''<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> |''P. ajax<ref name=":7" />'' | * Trossingen * Wüstenrot |GPIT-PV-30790 |A [[Plateosauridae|Plateosaurid]] sauropodomorph | rowspan="4" | |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''P. wetzelianus<ref name=":7" />'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Trossingen | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |GPIT-PV-30788 | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''Nomen dubium'' |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''P. giganteus<ref name=":7" />'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Trossingen | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |GPIT-PV-60234–60236 | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''Nomen dubium'' |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''P. magnus<ref name=":7" />'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Pfrondorf, Tübingen | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |GPIT-PV-60298, 60173 to 60176, 60182 | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''Nomen dubium'' |- | rowspan="7" | ''[[Plateosaurus]]<ref name=":5" />''<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Galton |first=Peter M. |date=2000-05-29 |title=The prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus MEYER, 1837 (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha). I. The syntypes of P. engelhardti MEYER, 1837 (Upper Triassic, Germany), with notes on other European prosauropods with "distally straight" femora |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=216 |issue=2 |pages=233–275 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/216/2000/233 |issn=0077-7749}}</ref> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''P. erlenbergiensis''<ref name=":7" /> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Erlenberg | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |"Partial skull and skeleton" | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''Nomen dubium'' | rowspan="7" | [[File:Plateosaurus panorama.jpg|thumb|center|150px|''[[Plateosaurus]]'' specimens from Trossingen]] |- | ''P. longiceps<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moser |first=Markus |date=2003 |title=Plateosaurus engelhardti MEYER, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) aus dem Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper; Obertrias) von Bayern |journal=Zitteliana |language=de |publisher=Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München |pages=3–186 |doi=10.5282/UBM/EPUB.12711|s2cid=130823326 }}</ref>'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit | MB.R.1937 | Includes "cf. ''[[Palaeosaurus]]''? diagnosticus" |- style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''P. engelhardti''<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Meyer |first=H. v. |date=1837 |title=Mittheilungen, an Professor Bronn gerichtet [Communications, sent to Professor Bronn]. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51831 |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde |pages=314–317}}</ref> | * Ellingen * Heroldsberg, Feuerletten |UEN 552, sacrum; UEN 550, caudal verteba, 551, chevron, 554/555, femur, 556, tibia, 557a-b, posterior dorsal, 558, caudal vertebra, 559, femoral head, 561, 562, middle dorsal vertebrae, 563a-c, middle dorsal rib. Missing pubis fragments and caudal vertebra | ''Nomen dubium'' |- |''P. trossingensis'' | * Trossingen |At least 105 partial and complete skeletons<ref name=":15" /> |A [[Plateosauridae|Plateosaurid]] sauropodomorph. Material referred to "''Plateosaurus engelhardti"'' is now referred to this species |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''P. reinigeri<ref name=":7" />''<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=v. Huene |first=F. |date=1908 |title=Die dinosaurier der europäischen Triasformation mit Berücksichtigung der aussereuropäischen Vorkommnisse |url=https://search.worldcat.org/es/title/Die-dinosaurier-der-europaischen-Triasformation-mit-Berucksichtigung-der-aussereuropaischen-Vorkommnisse/oclc/4054995 |journal=Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen Suppl. |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–419}}</ref> | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Degerloch | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |SMNS 53537 | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''Nomen dubium'' |- | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''P. quenstedti<ref name=":7" />'' | style="background:#E6E6E6;" | * Pfrondorf, Tübingen | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |GPIT-PV-60296 | style="background:#E6E6E6;" |''Nomen dubium'' |- |''P. sp.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schoch |first=R. R. |date=2011 |title=Tracing Seemann's dinosaur excavation in the Upper Triassic of Trossingen: his field notes and the present status of the material |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235732304 |journal=Palaeodiversity |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=245–282}}</ref> | * Buchenbühl, Nürnberg<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBDB Collection |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=139478 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=paleobiodb.org}}</ref> * Trossingen |Specimens #1, 4, 19, 23, 25, 26, 30, 34, 38, 40–42, 45, 49, 51, 52, 55, 56, 63; SMNS 81914, 91299, 91301, 91306 |Indeterminate referral. Several of these may belong to "''Plateosaurus engelhardti" (=P. trossingensis)'' |- | ''[[Ruehleia]]<ref name=":8" />'' | ''R. bedheimensis'' | * [[Thüringen|Grossen Gleichberg, Römhild]] | HMN MB RvL 1, 2, 3, "Nearly complete skeleton, [two] incomplete skeletons, juvenile to adult". | A [[Plateosauridae|Plateosaurid]] sauropodomorph | [[File:Ruehleia.jpg|thumb|''[[Ruehleia]]'' material|center]] |- | [[Sauropodomorpha]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=PBDB Collection |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=97832 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=paleobiodb.org}}</ref><ref name=":10" /> | Indeterminate | * Allersberg, Feuerletten * Lauf * Kreuzgraben * Niederschönthal, Liestal | JM Keu 2001/1, left tibia. Other bones observed in field but not collected; BSPG 1959 I 518, proximal left tibia; NHGN postcranial material (vertebrae, tibia, partial fibula), destroyed during WW2; UEN, bone fragment in two pieces | Indeterminate sauropodomorph remains | |- | ''[[Tuebingosaurus]]''<ref name="Tuebingosaurus">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Regalado Fernández OR, Werneburg I |year=2022 |title=A new massopodan sauropodomorph from Trossingen Formation (Germany) hidden as {{'}}''Plateosaurus''{{'}} for 100 years in the historical Tübingen collection |journal=Vertebrate Zoology |volume=72 |pages=771–822 |doi=10.3897/vz.72.e86348 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | ''T. maierfritzorum'' | * Trossingen | GPIT-PV-30787, a complete pelvis (three sacral vertebrae, two ilia, two pubes, two ischia), five anterior caudal vertebrae, four chevrons, left femur, left tibia, left and right fibulae, left astragalus, left calcaneum, metatarsal I, pedal fingers | A derived [[Massopoda|sauropodiform]], previously attributed to ''P. plieningeri''. | [[File:Tuebingosaurus.jpg|thumb|Know material of ''Tuebingosaurus''|center]] |- |}
=== Theropods === {| class="wikitable" align="center" |- ! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images |- style="background:#E6E6E6;" | ''[[Pterospondylus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jaekel |first=O. |date=1914 |title=Über die Wirbeltierfunde in der oberen Trias von Halberstadt [On the vertebrate remains in the Upper Triassic of Halberstadt] |url=https://scholar.archive.org/work/f6lv6zjzqfckpflloadrlpy6ye/access/ia_file/crossref-pre-1923-scholarly-works/10.1007%252Fbf03039944.zip/10.1007%252Fbf03160336.pdf |journal=Paläontologische Zeitschrift |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=155–215|doi=10.1007/BF03160336 }}</ref> | ''P. trielbae'' | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit | Known from a vertebra | Theropod remains of uncertain afinitty, suggested to be a [[Coelophysoidea]]n.''<ref name=":15" />'' | [[File:Pterospondylus trielbae.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Know material|center]] |- | rowspan="4" | ''[[Liliensternus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=v. Huene |first=F. |date=1934 |title=Ein neuer Coelurosaurier in der thüringischen Trias [A new coelurosaur in the Thuringian Trias]. |url=https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/DJ3ZMW5MUWYHJRNNFADESC4B27XNLS2T |journal=Paläontologische Zeitschrift |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=145–170|doi=10.1007/BF03042684 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> | ''L. liliensterni'' | * [[Thüringen|Grossen Gleichberg, Römhild]] | Two partial skeletons of subadults | rowspan="2" | A coelophysoid theropod formally named ''[[Halticosaurus]] liliensterni''. Some referred material is suggested to come from a theropod up to 7 m long | rowspan="4" | [[File:Liliensternus NT.jpg|thumb|190x190px|''[[Liliensternus]]'' reconstruction|center]] |- |''L. sp.''<ref name=":4" /> | * Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit * Ellingen, "Am Tiergärtle" |scapula; Isolated material |- |''L.? sp.<ref name=":15" />'' | * Ellingen |Cranial and postcranial remains of several presumably adult individuals |Represents a 7–9 m long stem-averostran closely related to or referable to ''Liliensternus'' |- |''cf. L. sp.<ref name=":9" />'' | * Heroldsberg, Feuerletten |UEN; proximal left metatarsal II (lost) |''Incertae sedis'' |- |}
=== Flora === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Anapiculatisporites]]''<ref name=":18">{{Cite journal |last=Schulz |first=Eberhard |date=1996-06-21 |title=Eine Mikroflora aus dem Steinmergelkeuper vom SW-Hang der Wachsenburg bei Gotha (Thüringen) |url=https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpa/detail/200/90260/Eine_Mikroflora_aus_dem_Steinmergelkeuper_vom_SW_Hang_der_Wachsenburg_bei_Gotha_Thuringen |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |language=de |pages=75–86 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/200/1996/75}}</ref> | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''A. spiniger'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Lycophyte spore, affinity with [[Lycopodiaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Aratrisporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''A. sp.'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Lycopsid spores, affinity with [[Pleuromeiaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Brachysaccus]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''B. neomundanus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Pinaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Calamospora]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''C. tener'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Horsetail spore, affinity with [[Equisetales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Carnisporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''C. granulatus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Probable [[Pteridophyte]] affinity |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Cedripites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''C. microreticulatus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Pinaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Classopollis]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''C. simplex''; ''C. torosus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Hirmeriellaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Corollina]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''C. sp.''; ''C. zwolinskai'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Hirmeriellaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Enzonalasporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''E. vigens'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Hirmeriellaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Equisetites]]'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''cf. E. munsteri''<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Baerecke-Limpricht clay pit, Halberstadt (bed 18) (Triassic of Germany) |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=22684 |access-date=2025-05-25 |website=paleobiodb.org}}</ref> | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Baerecke-Limpricht | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Stems | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Horsetail, affinity with [[Equisetales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Eucommiidites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''E. major'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Gymnosperm, affinity with [[Erdtmanithecales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Granuloperculatipollis]]<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''G. rudis'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha; Malschenberg | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Hirmeriellaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Hymenoreticulisporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''H. maedleri'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinity with [[Ophioglossales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Labiisporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''L. triassicus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Lycophyte spore, affinity with [[Lycopodiaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Leptolepidites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''L. sp.'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Probable [[Pteridophyte]] affinity |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Lycopodiacidites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''L. frankonense'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Lycophyte spore, affinity with [[Lycopodiaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Neochomotriletes]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''N. triangularis'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Liverwort spores, Affinity with [[Marchantiaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Nevesisporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''N. bigranulatus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Liverwort spores, Affinity with [[Marchantiaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Ovalipollis]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''O. molestus''; ''O. pseudoalatus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Cupressales]] or [[Pinales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Paracirculina]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''P. scurrilis'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Hirmeriellaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Paravesicaspora]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''P. planderovae'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Gymnosperm, affinity with [[Peltaspermales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Parillinites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''P. callosus''; ''P. pauper'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Gymnosperm, affinity with [[Peltaspermales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Perinopollenites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''P. sp.'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Cupressales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Podozamites]]'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''cf. P. distans''<ref name=":16" /> | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Baerecke-Limpricht | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Branched shoots | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |A conifer, maybe [[Krassiloviaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Polycingulatisporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''P. reduncus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Probable [[Pteridophyte]] affinity |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Porcellispora]]<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''P. longdonensis'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha; Malschenberg | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Probable [[Pteridophyte]] affinity |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Retusotriletes]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''R. junior''; ''R. mesozoicus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Probable [[Pteridophyte]] affinity |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Ricciisporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''R. tuberculatus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Liverwort spores, Affinity with [[Marchantiaceae]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Triadispora]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''T. delicata''; ''T. obscura''; ''T. sp.'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Voltziales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Verrucosisporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''V. redactus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Spore | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Fern spores, linked with [[Osmundales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Vitreisporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''V. pallidus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Gymnosperm, affinity with [[Caytoniales]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''[[Voltziaceaesporites]]<ref name=":18" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''V. heteromorphus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Wachsengburg near Gotha | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pollen | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Conifer pollen, affinity with [[Voltziales]] |}
== See also == * [[List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations]] * [[List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany]] * [[List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Switzerland]]
== References == {{Reflist|3}}
[[Category:Triassic System of Europe]] [[Category:Triassic Germany]] [[Category:Triassic Switzerland]] [[Category:Norian Stage]] [[Category:Shale formations]] [[Category:Mudstone formations]] [[Category:Sandstone formations]] [[Category:Conglomerate formations]] [[Category:Marl formations]] [[Category:Deltaic deposits]] [[Category:Fluvial deposits]] [[Category:Lacustrine deposits]] [[Category:Shallow marine deposits]] [[Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Europe]] [[Category:Paleontology in Germany]] [[Category:Paleontology in Switzerland]] [[Category:Geologic formations of Germany]] [[Category:Geologic formations of Switzerland]]