{{Short description|Species of marine ray-finned fish}} {{Speciesbox | image = Argyrozona argyrozona.jpg | status= NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Mann, B.Q. |author2=Buxton, C.D. |author3=Russell, B. |author4=Pollard, D. |author5=Carpenter, K.E. |author6=Sadovy, Y. |display-authors=3 |year=2014 |title=''Argyrozona argyrozona'' |article-number=e.T170231A1297891 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170231A1297891.en |access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref> | parent_authority = [[J. L. B. Smith]], 1938 | taxon = Argyrozona argyrozona | authority = ([[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1830) | synonyms = {{Specieslist | Dentex argyrozona | Valenciennes, 1830 | Polysteganus argyrozona | (Valenciennes, 1830) }} | synonyms_ref = <ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase|Argyrozona|argyrozona|month=October|year=2023}}</ref> }}
'''''Argyrozona''''' is a [[monospecific genus]] of marine [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Sparidae]], the seabreams and progies. Its only species is '''''Argyrozona argyrozona''''', the '''carpenter seabream''' or '''doppie''', which is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the waters off southern South Africa.
==Taxonomy== ''Argyrozona'' was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1938 by the South African [[ichthyologist]] [[James Leonard Brierley Smith]]. The only species in the genus was ''Dentex argyrozona'',<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Sparidae|access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref> which had been first formally [[Species description|described]] in 1830 by the French [[zoologist]] [[Achille Valenciennes]] who gave its [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] as the [[Cape of Good Hope]] in South Africa.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Argyrozona|access-date=30 December 2023}}</ref> This taxon is placed in the family Sparidae within the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Spariformes]] by the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]''.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=502–506 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Denticinae,<ref name = Parenti>{{cite journal |author= Parenti, P. |year=2019 |title=An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae |journal=FishTaxa |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=47–98 |url= https://fishtaxa.com/menuscript/index.php/ft/article/view/49/52}}</ref> but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.<ref name = Nelson5/>
==Etymology== ''Argyrozona'' is a [[tautonym]] of ''Dentex argyrozona''. The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''argyrozona'' means "silver band" and, according to J. L. B. Smith, is an allusion to the 5 or 6 white horizontal bands with gold and silver tints that appear immediately following death.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |title=Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |access-date=28 December 2023 |date=22 December 2022 |publisher=Christopher Scharpf |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030165034/https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ }}</ref>
==Description== [[file:Argyrozona argyrozona, by vismark in Pretoria, a.jpg|thumb|left|For sale at a [[fish market]] in [[Pretoria]]]] ''Argyrozona'' has a torpedo-shaped body with its depth being slightly less than the length of the head, the head having a smooth profile. The lower jaw is slightly protruding with the posterior end of the [[maxilla]] not being covered by any other bone. The rear pair of nostrils are almost circular in shape. The [[dorsal fin]] is supported by 12 spines and 10 or 11 soft rays while the [[anal fin]] contains 3 spines and 8 soft rays. It has a silvery body tinted with reddish hues, paler on the lower body. There are a number of red horizontal lines along the flanks with silver between them appearing soon after death. The fins are pink and the eyes are orange-red.<ref name = WIOF>{{cite book |author=Yukio Iwatsuki |author2=Phillip C Heemstra |name-list-style=and |chapter=Family Sparidae |pages=284–315 |title=Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean |volume=3 |editor1=[[Phil Heemstra|Phillip C Heemstra]] |editor2=Elaine Heemstra |editor3=David A Ebert |editor4=Wouter Holleman |editor5=[[John Ernest Randall|John E Randall]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-990951-32-9 |publisher=South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity |url=https://saiab.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1._wiof_volume_3_text.pdf}}</ref> The carpenter seabream has a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|90|cm}} but {{cvt|60|cm}} is more typical.<ref name = Fishbase/>
==Distribution and habitat== ''Argyrozona'' is found in the Western Indian Ocean where it is endemic to the waters off South Africa between [[Table Bay]] and the mouth of the [[Kei River]], it is uncommon as far north as [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. The adults are found at depths between {{cvt|50|and|200|m}} over rough reefs while juveniles are found in shallower water and migrate to deeper waters offshore as they mature.<ref name = iucn/>
==Biology== ''Agryrozona'' are mainly resident as adults, although a small percentage of fish have been found to move more than {{cvt|100|km}} in tagging studies. The main prey of adults are squid, anchovies and sardines while the juveniles feed on crabs, crab larvae, [[Amphipoda|amphipod]]s and [[polychaete]]s. The carpenter bream is a [[gonochorist]] and they are group spawners, spawning in batches. Spawning takes place in the southern Spring and the eggs and larvae are pelagic. The juveniles gather in nursery areas inshore of the [[Agulhas Current]]. Nurseries of this species have been found in [[Algoa Bay]] and on the central [[Agulhas Bank]].<ref name = iucn/>
==Fisheries and conservation== ''Argyrozona'' is an important species to commercial fisheries which catch it using long lines and trawls.<ref name = WIOF/> The assessments of the population undertaken between 1986 and 2001 indicated that this fish was being [[overfishing|overfished]]. The commercial fishing effort reduced from 2003 and indications from then is that the stock underwent some recovery from then. Despite this the [[IUCN]] classify this species as [[Near-threatened species|Near Threatened]] because its population is dependent on the continuation of conservation measures.<ref name = iucn/>
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q17170760|from2=Q2704873}}
[[Category:Sparidae]] [[Category:Fish described in 1830]] [[Category:Spariform fish genera]]