{{Short description|Species of damselfly}} {{Speciesbox | image = Argia vivida-Male-2.jpg | image_caption = Male | image2 = Vivid Dancer - Argia vivida, Zion National Park, Springdale, Utah.jpg | image2_caption = Female, Utah | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name = iucn/> | genus = Argia | species = vivida | authority = Hagen in Selys, 1865 }}
'''''Argia vivida''''', the '''vivid dancer''', is a species of narrow-winged damselfly in the family Coenagrionidae.<ref name=itis/><ref name=catlife/><ref name=gbif/><ref name=bugref/> This species is commonly found in springs and forests of Central America and North America.<ref name=itis/><ref name=":2" /> ''Argia vivida'' inhabit areas of diverse temperatures due to thermoregulation.<ref name=":5" /> The species is also considered the state insect of Nevada.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vogellas |first=Ed |title=It's official: Vivid dancer damselfly is state's insect |url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/its-official-vivid-dancer-damselfly-is-states-insect/ |newspaper=Las Vegas Review-Journal |date=2009-05-04 |accessdate=2020-07-08 |archive-date=2020-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708225751/https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/its-official-vivid-dancer-damselfly-is-states-insect/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
''Argia vivida'' vary in color, although they are typically associated with the bright blue coloration. Other variations include red, brown, or grey depending on the type of morph and temperature.<ref name=":0" /> Mating occurs in mornings and afternoons, and eggs are oviposited just below the surface of the water.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Larvae and adults feed on larvae from small invertebrates and small flying insects, respectively.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" />
The IUCN conservation status of ''Argia vivida'' is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' population. The population is stable.<ref name="iucn" /><ref name="xcit3" />
==Coloration== thumb|Blue-morph on pitcher plant in California|leftFemale dimorphism occurs in two populations of ''Argia vivida'' from British Columbia, Canada. They are described as varying from a blue color morph and red color morph. Physiological color changes occur in males and both female morphs as a result of changing temperatures throughout the day. The two phases of color changes are denoted as the "bright phase" and "dark phase." Individuals transition to the bright phase as shade temperatures rise over 25°C; males and blue-morph females transition to a lighter shade of blue with pale blue or blue-grey markings, while red-morph females transition to a red-brown or brown with tan or grey-tan markings. At lower temperatures around 18°C, the dark phase occurs; males and blue-morph females transition to a darker blue shade, while red-morph females transition to a grey-brown to brown shade.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Conrad|first1=K. F.|last2=Pritchard|first2=G.|date=2011-02-14|title=Female dimorphism and physiological colour change in the damselfly Argia vivida Hagen (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)|url=https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z89-044|journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology|volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=298–304 |language=en|doi=10.1139/z89-044|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
==Mating== Mates are encountered in two ways, morning matings or afternoon matings.<ref name=":0" /> In the morning, the males bask at sunspots and attempt to gain the attention of females by darting out at them. Successful males and females will then engage in copulation, tandem flight, and finally oviposition. In the afternoon, unmated males move towards the water and wait for an available female released from a previous mating pair. These new pairs begin the mating cycle once again but throughout a more brief time period than the morning matings.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Conrad|first1=K. F.|last2=Pritchard|first2=G.|date=1990|title=Pre-oviposition mate-guarding and mating behaviour of Argia vivida (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1990.tb00819.x|journal=Ecological Entomology|language=en|volume=15|issue=4|pages=363–370|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2311.1990.tb00819.x|bibcode=1990EcoEn..15..363C |s2cid=84711988 |issn=1365-2311|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
==Life cycle== Upon mating, females lay their eggs on sources of vegetation just below the surface of the water.<ref name=":2">Foster, Rob, and Allan Harris. “COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Vivid Dancer Argia Vivida in Canada.” ''Species at Risk Public Registry'', Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, 2015, [https://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_Vivid%20Dancer_2015_e.pdf www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/cosewic/sr_Vivid%20Dancer_2015_e.pdf.]</ref> A temperature of at least 11°C is required for egg development, although larvae can overwinter in water temperatures in the range 0–33°C.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Pritchard|first=Gordon|date=1989|title=The roles of temperature and diapause in the life history of a temperate-zone dragonfly: Argia vivida (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1989.tb00759.x|journal=Ecological Entomology|language=en|volume=14|issue=1|pages=99–108|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2311.1989.tb00759.x|bibcode=1989EcoEn..14...99P |s2cid=84676331 |issn=1365-2311|url-access=subscription}}</ref> In thermal springs, the life cycle takes approximately 1 year to complete, but may extend for up to 2 to 3 years in cooler springs.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> ''Argia vivida'' finally emerge as adults anytime between April through October depending on the current temperature.<ref name=":2" />
==Diet==
===Larvae=== Because ''Argia vivida'' larvae are aquatic, they typically feed on small invertebrates found in the water such as larvae from mosquitoes and mayflies.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">Lung, Mark, and Stefan Sommer. “''Argia Vivida'' (Vivid Dancer).” ''Digital Atlas of Idaho'', The Digital Atlas of Idaho Project, 2001, [https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/bio/insects/drgnfly/coenfam/arvi/arvifr.htm digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/bio/insects/drgnfly/coenfam/arvi/arvifr.htm.]</ref>
===Adults=== Adult ''Argia vivida'' typically feed on a variety of soft-bodied, small flying insects including mosquitoes, flies, mayflies, and even small moths.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> In some cases, adults will also eat insects from plants such as small aphids.<ref name=":4" />
==Thermoregulation and habitat== ''Argia vivida'' exhibit thermoregulation by living in habitats that allow for different thermal regimes throughout the day. At night, individuals typically settle in forest trees to maintain their body temperatures and slow the radiant loss of heat. During the day, they move away from the trees into sunspots available in thinned forest for thermal basking.<ref name=":5" /> Therefore, an ideal habitat for the species consists of a forest containing dense trees in addition to cleared patches or thinned forest to best suit their thermoregulation requirements.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Leggott|first1=Mark|last2=Pritchard|first2=Gordon|date=1986-09-01|title=Thermal preference and activity thresholds in populations of Argia vivida (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from habitats with different thermal regimes|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006730|journal=Hydrobiologia|language=en|volume=140|issue=1|pages=85–92|doi=10.1007/BF00006730|bibcode=1986HyBio.140...85L |s2cid=9693987 |issn=1573-5117|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
In fuel-modified forests, ''Argia vivida'' still roost in trees at night but prefer cleared fuel treatment sections of the forest compared to thinned forest for the purposes of basking and foraging.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kortello|first1=Andrea D.|last2=Ham|first2=Simon J.|date=2010-04-01|title=Movement and habitat selection by Argia vivida (Hagen) (Odonata, Coenagrionidae) in fuel-modified forest|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-009-9233-2|journal=Journal of Insect Conservation|language=en|volume=14|issue=2|pages=133–140|doi=10.1007/s10841-009-9233-2|bibcode=2010JICon..14..133K |s2cid=44598699 |issn=1572-9753|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=itis>{{Cite web | title=''Argia vivida'' Report | url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=102150 | website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System | accessdate=2018-04-28 | archive-date=2016-04-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401074914/http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=102150 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=catlife>{{Cite web | title=''Argia vivida'' species details | url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/f6ea8104bd9e12b72188a8b9f0b34f67 | website=Catalogue of Life | accessdate=2018-04-28 | archive-date=2021-05-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512180550/https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5VR5C | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=gbif>{{Cite web | title=''Argia vivida'' | url=https://www.gbif.org/species/5051522 | website=GBIF | accessdate=2018-04-28 | archive-date=2021-05-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512180550/https://www.gbif.org/species/5051522 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=iucn>{{Cite web | title=List of Endangered Species | url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/ | website=IUCN Red List | accessdate=2018-04-28 | archive-date=2018-05-08 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508171911/http://www.iucnredlist.org/ | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=bugref>{{Cite web | title=''Argia vivida'' Species Information | url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/24800 | website=BugGuide.net | accessdate=2018-04-28 | archive-date=2017-10-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031012/http://bugguide.net/node/view/24800 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name=xcit3>{{Cite web | accessdate = 2018-04-28 | title = Odonata Central | url = https://www.odonatacentral.org/ | archive-date = 2021-02-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210227092717/https://www.odonatacentral.org/ | url-status = live }}</ref> }}
==Further reading== * {{Cite thesis | title = Studies on phylogeny and biogeography of damselflies (Odonata) with emphasis on the Argiolestidae | date = 2013 | last1 = Kalkman | first1 = V. J. | publisher = Leiden University | hdl=1887/22953 | hdl-access=free | type=PhD }}
==External links== {{refbegin}} * {{Commons category-inline|Argia vivida}} {{refend}}
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Category:Coenagrionidae Category:Insects described in 1865 Category:Symbols of Nevada Category:Articles created by Qbugbot