{{short description|Martian shield volcano}} {{Infobox feature on celestial object |name = Apollinaris Mons |image = [[Image:MOLA apollinaris patera.jpg|200px]] |caption = Topography map of Apollinaris Mons |coordinates = {{coord|9.3|S|174.4|E|globe:mars_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |coordinates_footnotes = <ref name = "USGS1">{{cite web | title = Apollinaris Mons | work =Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature | publisher = [[USGS Astrogeology Science Center]] | url = https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14307 | access-date = 2012-06-30}}</ref> |type = Shield volcano }}

'''Apollinaris Mons''' is an ancient [[shield volcano]] in the southern hemisphere of [[Mars]]. It is situated near the [[equator]], south of [[Elysium Planitia]] and north of the [[impact crater]] [[Gusev (Martian crater)|Gusev]] (the landing site of the [[Mars rover]] ''[[Spirit (rover)|Spirit]]''). Elysium Planitia separates it from the volcanic province of [[Elysium (volcanic province)|Elysium]] to its northwest. The [[Volcanic crater|volcano's caldera]] is named '''Apollinaris Patera''';<ref name = "USGS2">{{cite web | title = Apollinaris Patera | work = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature | publisher = [[USGS Astrogeology Science Center]] | url = https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/323 | access-date = 2012-06-30}}</ref> this name formerly applied to the whole edifice.

Apollinaris Mons is about 5 kilometres high with a base about 296 kilometres in diameter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/mars/#lat=-9.058702&lon=177.121582&zoom=6&q=Apollinaris+Patera|title=Google Mars|website=www.google.com|access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref>{{better citation needed|date=April 2024}} On the top of this volcano is a caldera about 80&nbsp;km (50 miles) in diameter. The volcano is approximately 3 billion<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap990513.html|title=APOD: May 13, 1999 - Mars Volcano Apollinaris Patera|website=apod.nasa.gov|access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref> to 3.5 billion years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/3dsolarsystem/slide_23.html|title=23. Apollinaris Patera Elysium Planitia, Mars|website=www.lpi.usra.edu|access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref>

It was named in 1973 after a mountain spring near [[Rome]] in [[Italy]].{{cn|date=April 2024}}

A study using a global climate model found that the [[Medusae Fossae Formation]] could have been formed from ash from Apollinaris Mons, [[Arsia Mons]], and possibly [[Pavonis Mons]].<ref>Kerber L., et al. 2012. The disporsal of pyroclasts from ancient explosive volcanoes on Mars: Implications for the friable layered deposits. Icarus. 219:358-381.</ref>

==Paleomagnetic field studies==

Apollinaris Patera parallels many of the volcanic terrains on Mars, including most of the Elysium and [[Tharsis]] Rises, in that they are demagnetized terrains that conspicuously predate the shutdown of the Martian [[dynamo]]. The mechanism of its deactivation has been compared to that of [[Hadriacus Mons]]. Researchers observing this noted that the deposition of lavas atop an older, more magnetized terrain might have led to the region's demagnetization. Its existence thus does not challenge hypotheses about the timing of the dynamo shutdown.<ref name=morschhauser2018>{{cite book |last1=Morschhauser |first1=AM |last2=Vervelidou |first2=F |last3=Thomas |first3=P |last4=Grott |first4=M |last5=Lesur |first5=V |last6=Gilder |first6=SA |date=2018 |title=Magnetic Fields in the Solar System |chapter=Mars' Crustal Magnetic Field |location=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319642918 }}</ref>

==Gallery== <gallery class="center" widths="190px" heights="180px" > Image:Apollinaris Patera (PIA02006).jpg|False-color [[Mars Global Surveyor]] image of Apollinaris Mons. White clouds can be seen hovering above the volcano. </gallery>

==See also== *[[Geography of Mars]] *[[List of mountains on Mars by height]] *[[Medusae Fossae Formation]]

== References== {{reflist}}

{{Geography of Mars}} {{Portal bar|Solar System}}

[[Category:Mountains on Mars]] [[Category:Volcanoes of Mars]] [[Category:Aeolis quadrangle]] [[Category:Shield volcanoes]]