Apocynoideae

{{Short description|Subfamily of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Apocynum venetum 1.jpg | image_caption = ''Apocynum venetum'' | taxon = Apocynoideae | authority = Burnett<ref name=Reveal2012>{{cite journal|last=Reveal|first=J.L.|title=Newly required infrafamilial names mandated by changes in the Code of Nomenclature For Algae, Fungi, and Plants|journal=Phytoneuron|year=2012|volume=33|pages=1–32|author-link=James L. Reveal|issn=2153-733X}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Tribes | subdivision = Apocyneae Echiteae Baisseeae Malouetieae Mesechiteae Wrightieae | subdivision_ref = <ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?1686 |title=Family: ''Apocynaceae'' Juss., nom. cons. subfam. ''Apocynoideae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-04-12 |access-date=2010-11-26}}</ref> }}

'''Apocynoideae''' is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Apocynaceae (order Gentianales), also called the 'dogbane' or milkweed family, containing about 860 species across 78 genera. Several are of pharmacological interest; ''Strophanthus'' has furnished highly effective arrow poisons, due to their cardiac glycoside content.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Strophanthus |volume=25 |pages=1041–1042}}</ref> Apocynoideae also includes many popular landscaping and ornamental species, one of the best-known, and most infamous, being the oleander (''Nerium oleander''); the subfamily also contains remarkable pachycaul genera like ''Adenium'' and ''Pachypodium''.

==Genera== {| |- valign=top | ; Tribe Apocyneae (24 genera) * ''Beaumontia'' Wall. (5 species) - Indomalayan * ''Parepigynum'' Tsiang & P.T.Li - S China * ''Vallaris'' Burm.f. - Indomalayan * ''Anodendron'' A.DC. - Indomalayan, Oceanian * ''Ixodonerium'' Pit. - Vietnam * ''Papuechites'' Markgr. - Oceanian * ''Amphineurion'' (A.DC.) Pichon - Indomalayan * ''Sindechites'' Oliv. - S China, Indochina * ''Streptoechites'' D.J. Middleton & Livsh. - S China, Indochina * ''Apocynum'' L. - Holarctic * ''Cleghornia'' Wight - Indomalayan * ''Aganonerion'' Pierre ex Spire - Indochina * ''Parameria'' Benth. - China, Indochina * ''Urceola'' Roxb. - Indomalayan, Oceanian * ''Chonemorpha'' G.Don - Indomalayan * ''Trachelospermum'' Lem. - Indomalayan * ''Vallariopsis'' Woodson - Malesia * ''Aganosma'' (Blume) G.Don - Indomalayan * ''Amalocalyx'' Pierre - S China, Indochina * ''Baharuia'' D.J.Middleton - Malesia * ''Epigynum'' Wight - Indomalayan * ''Ichnocarpus'' R.Br. - Indomalayan * ''Micrechites'' Miq. - Indomalayan, Oceanian * ''Pottsia'' Hook. & Arn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1690 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Apocynaceae'' tribe ''Apocyneae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2010-11-26}}</ref> - Indomalayan

; Tribe Baisseeae (4 genera) * ''Baissea'' A.DC. (18 species) - Afrotropical * ''Dewevrella'' De Wild. - W Africa * ''Motandra'' A.DC. - Afrotropical * ''Oncinotis'' Benth. (7 species) - Afrotropical

; Tribe Echiteae (23 genera) * ''Angadenia'' Miers - Caribbean * ''Pentalinon'' Voigt - Neotropical * ''Salpinctes'' Woodson * ''Asketanthera'' Woodson - Caribbean * ''Macropharynx'' Rusby - S America * ''Peltastes'' Woodson - S America * ''Temnadenia'' Miers - S America * ''Bahiella'' J.F.Morales - Brazil * ''Echites'' P.Browne - Neotropical * ''Fernaldia'' Woodson - C America * ''Hylaea'' J.F.Morales - S America * ''Laubertia'' A.DC. - Neotropical * ''Prestonia'' R.Br. (63 species) - Neotropical

* ''Artia'' Guillaumin (5 species) - New Caledonia * ''Ecua'' D.J.Middleton (1 species) - Indonesia | * ''Parsonsia'' R.Br. (120 species; could belong to Periplocoideae) - Indomalayan, Oceanian * ''Thenardia'' Kunth (3 species) - C America * ''Thoreauea'' J.K.Williams<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1688 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Apocynaceae'' tribe ''Echiteae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2010-11-26}}</ref> (3 species) - S Mexico

; Tribe Malouetieae (13 genera) * ''Allowoodsonia'' Markgr. (1 species) - Solomon Islands * ''Carruthersia'' Seem. (4 species) - Philippines, Oceania * ''Eucorymbia'' Stapf (1 species) - Sundaland * ''Funtumia'' Stapf (2 species) - Afrotropical * ''Galactophora'' Woodson (6 species) - S America * ''Holarrhena'' R.Br. (5 species) - Indomalayan * ''Kibatalia'' G.Don (15 species) - Indomalayan, Sulawesi * ''Malouetia'' A.DC. (31 species) - Pantropical * ''Mascarenhasia'' A.DC. (8 species) - Madagascar * ''Neobracea'' Britton (8 species) - Caribbean * ''Pachypodium'' Lindl. (18 to 25 species) - Afrotropical * ''Spirolobium'' Baill.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1689 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Apocynaceae'' tribe ''Malouetieae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2010-11-26}}</ref> (1 species) - Sundaland

; Tribe Mesechiteae (5 genera) * ''Allomarkgrafia'' Woodson (9 species) - Neotropical * ''Forsteronia'' G.Mey. (45 species) - Neotropical * ''Mandevilla'' Lindl. (115 species) - Neotropical * ''Mesechites'' Müll.Arg. (8 species) - Neotropical * ''Tintinnabularia'' Woodson<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1691 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Apocynaceae'' tribe ''Mesechiteae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2010-11-26}}</ref> (3 species) - C America

; Tribe Nerieae (6 genera) * ''Adenium'' Roem. & Schult. (5 species) - Afrotropical * ''Alafia'' Thouars (26 species) - Afrotropical * ''Farquharia'' Stapf (1 species) - Afrotropical * ''Isonema'' R.Br. (3 species) - W Africa * ''Nerium'' L. (1 species) - Mediterranean * ''Strophanthus'' DC. (39 species) - Paleotropical

; Tribe Odontadenieae (7 genera) * ''Cycladenia'' Benth. (1 species) - Southwestern North America * ''Elytropus'' Müll.Arg. (1 species) - Chile, Argentina * ''Odontadenia'' Benth. (20 species) - Neotropical * ''Pinochia'' B.F.Hansen & M.E.Endress (4 species) - Neotropical * ''Secondatia'' A.DC. (5 species) - Neotropical * ''Stipecoma'' Müll.Arg. (1 species) - Bolivia, Brazil * ''Thyrsanthella'' (Baill.) Pichon (1 species) - Eastern North America

; Tribe Rhabdadenieae (1 genus) * ''Rhabdadenia'' Müll.Arg. (3 species) - Nearctic

; Tribe Wrightieae (3 genera) * ''Pleioceras'' Baill. (5 species) - Afrotropical * ''Stephanostema'' K.Schum. (1 species) - Tanzania * ''Wrightia'' R.Br. (23 species)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/gnlist.pl?1687 |title=GRIN Genera of ''Apocynaceae'' tribe ''Wrightieae'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=2010-11-26}}</ref> - Paleotropical |}

==Gallery== <gallery> File:Adenium-obesum-001.jpg|''Adenium obesum'' File:Aganonerion polymorphum.jpg|''Urceola polymorpha'' File:Aganosma cymosa G.Don.jpg|''Aganosma cymosa'' File:Alafia caudata subsp. latiloba S-1653.jpg|''Alafia caudata'' subsp. latiloba File:Amphineurion marginatum (Roxb.) D.J.Middleton Apocynaceae (26195863217).jpg|''Amphineurion marginatum'' File:Beaumontia grandiflora (1).jpg|''Beaumontia grandiflora'' File:Chonemorpha fragrans, bloeiwyse, Manie van der Schijff BT, b.jpg|''Chonemorpha fragrans'' side view of flowers File:Cycladeniahumilisjonesii.JPG|''Cycladenia humilis'' var. ''jonesii'' File:Echites umbellatus (9099857847).jpg|''Echites umbellatus'' File:Elytropus chilensis (pabloendemico) 1.jpg|''Elytropus chilensis'' File:Loroco en flor.JPG|''Echites panduratus'' (harvested, edible, hairy flowers) File:Funtumia elastica-1906.jpg|''Funtumia elastica'', former rubber source File:Holarrhena pubescens in Ananthagiri, AP W IMG_9244.jpg|''Holarrhena pubescens'' File:Holarrhena pubescens 09.JPG|''Holarrhena pubescens'' (detail) File:Ichnocarpus frutescens11.JPG|''Ichnocarpus frutescens'' File:Kibatalia blancoi Blanco2.428b-cropped.jpg|''Kibatalia blancoi'' File:Mandevilla sanderi a2.JPG|''Mandevilla sanderi'' File:Mascarenhasia arborescens (4817608605).jpg|''Mascarenhasia arborescens'', former rubber source File:12532-Mesechites trifida-Cacuri.jpg|''Mesechites trifida'' File:OdontadeniamacranthaSBG.jpg|''Odontadenia macrantha'' File:Comarca Oeste, Las Palmas, Spain - panoramio.jpg|''Pachypodium lamerei'', a pachycaul species File:Pachypodium lamerei 5Dsr 1733.jpg|''Pachypodium lamerei'', close-up File:Parsonsia diaphanophleba (6968991875).jpg|''Parsonsia diaphanophleba'' File:Parsonsia diaphanophleba (6968992821).jpg|''Parsonsia diaphanophleba'', single flower File:Parsonsia straminea flowers in riparian vegetation along Beor St Creek 7th Brigade Park Chermside P1210803.jpg|''Parsonsia straminea'' File:Prestonia coalita.jpg|''Prestonia coalita'' File:Rhabdadenia madida.jpg|''Rhabdadenia madida'' File:Stephanostema stenocarpum - Botanical Garden in Kaisaniemi, Helsinki - DSC03647.JPG|''Stephanostema stenocarpa'' (flowers v. small relative to foliage) File:Strophanthus speciosus 1DS-II 3-9217.jpg|''Strophanthus speciosus'' File:Temnadenia odorifera Bot. Mag. 76. 4547. 1850.jpg|''Temnadenia odorifera'' File:Thyrsanthella difformis Arkansas.jpg|''Thyrsanthella difformis'' File:Urceola elastica - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-276.jpg|''Urceola elastica'' File:Vallaris glabra04.jpg|''Vallaris glabra'' File:Wrightia tinctoria 09.JPG|''Wrightia tinctoria'' </gallery>

==References== {{Commons category|Apocynoideae}} {{Wikispecies}} {{Reflist}}

Category:Apocynoideae Category:Gentianales subfamilies Category:Long stubs with short prose