Aphaneramma

{{Expand Italian|Aphaneramma}} {{Short description|Extinct genus of amphibians}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Aphaneramma12DB.jpg | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|252|247|[[Early Triassic]]}} | taxon = Aphaneramma | authority = [[Arthur Smith Woodward|Woodward]], 1904 | type_species = {{extinct}}''Aphaneramma rostratum'' | type_species_authority = Woodward, 1904 | synonyms = ''Halobatrachus'' Hammer, 1987 | subdivision_ranks = Other species | subdivision =*{{extinct}}''A. gavialimimus'' Fortuny et al., 2017 *{{extinct}}''A. kokeni'' ([[Friedrich von Huene|von Huene]], 1920) }}

[[File:Triassic marine vertebrate apex predators.png|thumb|left|Early Triassic and Anisian marine predators:<ref name=Scheyer2014>{{cite journal |last1=Scheyer |first1=Torsten M. |last2=Romano |first2=Carlo |last3=Jenks |first3=Jim |last4=Bucher |first4=Hugo |title=Early Triassic Marine Biotic Recovery: The Predators' Perspective |journal=PLOS ONE |date=19 March 2014 |volume=9 |issue=3 |article-number=e88987 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0088987 |pmid=24647136 |pmc=3960099 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...988987S |doi-access=free }}</ref> 7. ''Aphaneramma'']]

'''''Aphaneramma''''' is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of marine [[temnospondyl]] [[amphibian]]. It lived during the [[Early Triassic]] [[epoch (geology)|epoch]], approximately 252–247 [[megaannum|Ma]] ago, and had a global distribution.

Fossils have been found in the [[Mianwali Formation]] of [[Pakistan]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Maisch |first1=Michael W. |title=''Aphaneramma kokeni'' (von Huene, 1920), a lonchorhynchine trematosaurid (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Lower Triassic of Pakistan |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |date=31 March 2020 |volume=295 |issue=3 |pages=211–241 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2020/0879|s2cid=216325073 }}</ref> [[Madagascar]],<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Fortuny |first1=Josep |last2=Gastou |first2=Stéphanie |last3=Esquillié |first3=François |last4=Ranivoharimanana |first4=Lovasoa |last5=Steyer |first5=Sébastien |title=A new extreme longirostrine temnospondyl from the Triassic of Madagascar: phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographical implications for trematosaurids |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |date=29 June 2017 |volume=16 |issue=8 |pages=675–688 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2017.1335805|s2cid=134191156 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/A_new_extreme_longirostrine_temnospondyl_from_the_Triassic_of_Madagascar_phylogenetic_and_palaeobiogeographical_implications_for_trematosaurids/5155366 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> the [[Zhitkov Formation]] of Russia,<ref name=FWZhitkov>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayCollResults?collection_no=47293 Zhitkov Formation] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref> the [[Vikinghøgda Formation]] (Kongressfjellet Formation) of [[Svalbard]] ([[Norway]]),<ref>{{cite journal |last=Woodward |first=Arthur Smith |author-link=Arthur Smith Woodward |year=1904 |title=On two new labyrinthodont skulls of the genera ''Capitosaurus'' and ''Aphaneramma'' |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=1904 |issue=3 |pages=170–176|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1904.tb08328.x }}</ref> and the [[Blina Shale]] of [[Western Australia]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kear |first=Benjamin P. |last2=Campione |first2=Nicolás E. |last3=Siversson |first3=Mikael |last4=Bazzi |first4=Mohamad |last5=Hart |first5=Lachlan J. |date=2026-02-22 |title=Revision of the trematosaurid Erythrobatrachus noonkanbahensis confirms a cryptic marine temnospondyl community from the Lower Triassic of Western Australia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2025.2601224 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |doi=10.1080/02724634.2025.2601224 |issn=0272-4634|doi-access=free |hdl=1959.4/107120 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>.

''Aphaneramma'' had a [[skull]] about {{convert|40|cm|in}} in length.<ref name=":0" /> Its jaws were very long, similar to the extant [[gharial]]'s, and lined with small [[teeth]]. This adaptation suggests that it may have preyed on fish. A [[Marine biology|marine]] lifestyle for this animal was proposed.<ref name=Scheyer2014/>

''Aphaneramma'' is closely related to ''[[Cosgriffius]]'' from [[North America]].

== References == {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Lonchorhynchines]] [[Category:Triassic temnospondyls of Europe]] [[Category:Triassic amphibians of Europe]] [[Category:Triassic temnospondyls of Asia]] [[Category:Triassic amphibians of Asia]] [[Category:Induan life]] [[Category:Olenekian life]] [[Category:Fossils of Norway]] [[Category:Fossils of Russia]] [[Category:Fossils of Pakistan]] [[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1904]]