{{Short description|English crime writer (1893–1971)}} {{redirect|Anthony Berkeley|the Trinidadian-born American rapper and producer|Anthony Ian Berkeley}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{More citations needed|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox person | name = Anthony Berkeley Cox | image = AnthonyBerkeley1911.jpg | alt = | caption = Anthony Berkeley Cox at Sherborne School in 1911 | birth_name = <!--only use if different from name--> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1893|07|05|df=y}} | birth_place = Watford, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|1971|03|09|1893|07|05|df=y}} | death_place = | nationality = | other_names = Francis Iles, Anthony Berkeley and A. Monmouth Platts | occupation = crime writer | known_for = }}
'''Anthony Berkeley Cox''' (5 July 1893 – 9 March 1971) was an English crime writer. He wrote under several pen-names, including '''Francis Iles''', '''Anthony Berkeley''' and '''A. Monmouth Platts'''.<ref name="The Oxford Companion to Crime and Mystery Writing">{{cite book |last1=Herbert |first1=Rosemary |title=The Oxford Companion to Crime and Mystery Writing |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0195072391 |pages=37-38 |ref=Oxford Comp Crime Mystery Writing}}</ref> He was a founder of the Detection Club, and his novel ''Before the Fact'' (1932) was filmed as the Alfred Hitchcock classic ''Suspicion'' (1941).
==Early life and education== Anthony Berkeley Cox was born 5 July 1893 at Watford, son of medical practitioner Dr Alfred Edward Cox (1861–1936), of Monmouth House and The Platts, two adjoining properties on Watford High Street, and Sybil Maud (died 1924), née Iles, who ran a school at Monmouth House. His paternal grandfather was a Derby wine merchant. Cox had two younger siblings: Stephen Henry Johnson Cox (1899–1960), who became a schoolmaster, and Cynthia Cicely Cox (born 1897).
With his brother, Cox was educated at Rose Hill School, Banstead, Surrey, and from the age of 14 was educated at Sherborne School<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-27|title=The Mysterious Case of Anthony Berkeley Cox|url=https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/the-mysterious-case-of-anthony-berkeley-cox/|access-date=2023-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305134736/https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/the-mysterious-case-of-anthony-berkeley-cox/|archive-date=2022-03-05|website=The Old Shirburnian Society|language=en-GB}}</ref> and then University College, Oxford.
==Career== As an ex-cadet of the Officer Training Corps, Cox was commissioned as a temporary second lieutenant in the British Army on 19 September 1914.<ref name="LG 22 September 1914">{{London Gazette |issue= 28910 |date= 22 September 1914 |page= 7483 }}</ref> He was promoted to temporary lieutenant on 4 November 1915.<ref name="LG 9 June 1916">{{London Gazette |issue= 29618 |date= 9 June 1916 |page= 5743 }}</ref> He served in 7th Battalion of the Northamptonshire Regiment during the First World War. He suffered from a gas attack in France, which caused long-term damage to his health.<ref name="MEB" /><ref name="transcript">{{cite web |title=The Psychology of Anthony Berkeley Transcript |url=https://shedunnitshow.com/anthonyberkeleytranscript/ |website=Shedunnit |access-date=26 July 2022 |date=14 October 2020}}</ref> Following the attack, he was invalided back to England and then worked a number of desk jobs for the Army.<ref name="transcript" /> On 15 April 1919, he was transferred to the unemployed list, therefore ending his military service.<ref name="LG 6 May 1919">{{London Gazette |issue= 31327 |date= 6 May 1919 |pages= 5657-5658 }}</ref>
Following the war, he worked as a journalist for many years, contributing to such magazines as ''Punch''<ref name="MEB">{{cite web|title=Article on Anthony Berkeley|url=https://martinedwardsbooks.com/articles/anthony-berkeley/|work=martinedwardsbooks.com|access-date= 15 May 2023 }}</ref> and ''The Humorist''.
His first novel, ''The Layton Court Mystery'', was published anonymously in 1925. It introduced Roger Sheringham, the amateur detective who features in many of the author's novels including the classic ''Poisoned Chocolates Case''. In 1930, Berkeley founded the Detection Club in London along with Agatha Christie, Freeman Wills Crofts and other established mystery writers.
His 1932 novel (as "Francis Iles"), ''Before the Fact'' was adapted into the 1941 classic film ''Suspicion'', directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Cary Grant and Joan Fontaine. ''Trial and Error'' was turned into the unusual 1941 film ''Flight from Destiny'' starring Thomas Mitchell.
He was a friend of E. M. Delafield and they each dedicated a book to the other (''Jill'' and ''The Wychford Poisoning Case''). She gently ragged him in her ''Provincial Lady Goes Further'' by having people tell her that "Francis Iles" is really Aldous Huxley or Edith Sitwell. The opening sentence of ''Malice Aforethought'' has been described as "immortal":<ref>Violet Powell ''The Life of a Provincial Lady'' p101</ref> "It was not until several weeks after he had decided to murder his wife that Doctor Bickleigh took any active steps in the matter." In 1938, he took up book reviewing for ''John O'London's Weekly'' and ''The Daily Telegraph'', writing under his pen name Francis Iles. He also wrote for the ''Sunday Times'' in the 1940s and for the ''Manchester Guardian'' (later ''The Guardian'') from the mid-1950s until 1970. A key figure in the development of crime fiction, he died in 1971 in St John's Wood, London. His estate was valued at £196,917 (£2,321,878 in 2023).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://probatesearch.service.gov.uk/Calendar?surname=cox&yearOfDeath=1971&page=2#calendar|title=Find a will | GOV.UK}}</ref>
==Bibliography== ===Published as Anthony Berkeley=== ====Roger Sheringham==== * ''The Layton Court Mystery'' (Herbert Jenkins, 1925) (Published as by "?") * ''The Wychford Poisoning Case'' (Collins, 1926) (published as by "The Author of "The Layton Court Mystery"") * ''Roger Sheringham and the Vane Mystery'' [US title: ''The Mystery at Lovers' Cave''] (1927) * ''The Silk Stocking Murders'' (1928) * ''The Poisoned Chocolates Case'' (1929) * ''The Second Shot'' (1930) * ''Top Storey Murder'' (1931) * ''Murder in the Basement'' (1932) * ''Jumping Jenny'' [US title: ''Dead Mrs. Stratton''] (1933) * ''Panic Party'' [US title: ''Mr Pidgeon's Island''] (1934) * ''The Roger Sheringham Stories'' (1994); limited edition of 95 copies: ''The Avenging Chance'', ''White Butterfly'', ''Perfect Alibi'', ''The Wrong Jar'', ''Mr Bearstowe Says...'', ''The Body's Upstairs'' (a brief parody), ''Double Bluff'', ''Razor-Edge'' and ''Red Anemones'' (These are earlier versions of "Mr. Bearstowe Says...". "Red Anemones" is a radio script.), ''Temporary Insanity'' (a stage play adapted from ''The Layton Court Mystery'', ''Direct Evidence'' (an earlier version of "Double Bluff")<ref>{{Cite book | title = Elusion Aforethought: The Life and Writing of Anthony Berkeley Cox | year = 1996 | url = https://archive.org/details/elusionaforethou00turn | url-access = registration | last = Turnbull | first = Malcolm J. }}</ref> * ''The Avenging Chance and Other Mysteries from Roger Sheringham's Casebook'' (2004); 2nd edition with an additional story, Crippen & Landru, 2015: ''The Avenging Chance'', ''White Butterfly'', ''Perfect Alibi'', ''The Wrong Jar'', ''Mr Bearstowe Says...'', ''The Body's Upstairs''(a brief parody), ''Double Bluff'', ''The Mystery of Horne's Copse'', ''Unsound Mind'', ''The Bargee's Holiday'' (First published Diss Express, 5 February 1943)
====Other novels==== * ''Professor On Paws'' (1926) * ''Mr Priestley's Problem'' (first published as by A.B. Cox) [US title: ''The Amateur Crime''] (1927) * ''The Piccadilly Murder'' (1929) * ''The Floating Admiral'' (1931) (written in collaboration with eleven members of the Detection Club) * ''Trial and Error'' (1937) * ''Not to Be Taken'' [US title: ''A Puzzle in Poison''] (1938) * ''Death in the House'' (1939) * ''The Scoop and Behind the Screen'' (1983) (Originally published in ''The Listener'' (1931) and (1930), both written by members of the Detection Club)
==== Uncollected short stories ====
* "Mr Simpson Goes to the Dogs" (1934) * "The Policeman Only Taps Once" (1936) * "Publicity Heroine" (1936) * "Hot Steel" (Sheringham)
===Published as Francis Iles=== ==== Novels ==== * ''Malice Aforethought'' (1931) * ''Before the Fact'' (1932) * ''As for the Woman'' (1939)
====Short stories==== * "Outside the Law" (1934) * "Dark Journey" (1935) * "It Takes Two to Make a Hero'" (1943)
====True crime essays==== * "The Rattenbury Case" (1936)
===Published as A. Monmouth Platts=== * ''Cicely Disappears'' (1927) (Also known as The Wintringham Mystery) ===Published as A. B. Cox=== *''Brenda Entertains'' (1925)<ref>Malcolm J. Turnbull, ''Elusion Aforethought: The Life and Writing of Anthony Berkeley Cox'', Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0-87972-715-2}}, p. 119.</ref> *''Jugged Journalism'' (1925)<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Jugged Journalism (1925) by A. B. Cox |url=https://crossexaminingcrime.wordpress.com/2020/01/24/jugged-journalism-1925-by-a-b-cox/ |access-date=February 21, 2020 |work=Crossing Examining Crime}}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== * {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/anthony-berkeley}} * {{Gutenberg author |id=55972}} * {{Librivox author |id=17676}} * {{IMDb name}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cox, Anthony Berkeley}} Category:English crime fiction writers Category:Alumni of University College London Category:People educated at Sherborne School Category:People from Watford Category:1893 births Category:1971 deaths Category:Members of the Detection Club Category:20th-century English novelists Category:British Army personnel of World War I Category:Northamptonshire Regiment officers Category:Military personnel from Hertfordshire Category:Writers of the Golden Age of Detective Fiction Category:Writers from Hertfordshire