{{short description|Calendar era term}} {{italic title}} {{Redirect|A.C.N.||ACN (disambiguation){{!}}ACN}} The term '''{{lang|la|ante Christum natum}}'''<ref> Sometimes incorrectly spelled ''Ante Christus Natum''</ref> (Latin for 'before Christ [was] born'), usually abbreviated to '''a. Chr. n.''', '''a.Ch.n.''', '''a.C.n.''', '''A.C.N.''', or '''ACN''', denotes the years before the birth of Jesus.<ref>[http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/manuscripts/INDX0010.ASP?MSRefID=37339.htm&NameDesc=Arundel.382 British Library manuscripts catalogue] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140037/http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/manuscripts/INDX0010.ASP?MSRefID=37339.htm&NameDesc=Arundel.382 |date=May 21, 2011 }}</ref> It is a Latin equivalent to the English "BC" ("before Christ"). The phrase ''ante Christum natum'' is also seen shortened to '''ante Christum''' ("before Christ"), similarly abbreviated to '''a. Chr.''', '''A. C.''' or '''AC'''.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03738a.htm General Chronology in the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' of 1913]</ref><ref>''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', Fourth Edition</ref><ref>''Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary'' (1983)</ref> A related phrase, '''p. Chr. n.''', '''p. Ch. n.''', '''P.C.M''', '''PCN''', or '''''post Christum natum''''' complements '''a. Ch. n.''' and is equivalent to {{lang|la|anno Domini}} (AD).<ref>[http://www.logoslibrary.eu/pls/wordtc/new_wordtheque.w6_home_author.home?code_author=5547&lang=LA Example from LogosLibrary.eu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720165718/http://www.logoslibrary.eu/pls/wordtc/new_wordtheque.w6_home_author.home?code_author=5547&lang=LA |date=2011-07-20 }}.</ref>
In English, these phrases are rare and AC, ACN, and ''ante Christum natum'' are not in the ''Chicago Manual of Style'' (14th edition), the ''American Heritage Dictionary'' (3rd edition), or P. Kenneth Seidelmann's ''Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac'' (1992, University Science Books). In other European languages, such as Italian ("a.c." or "a.C." for ''avanti Cristo''), a vernacular version is the standard term.
The Anglo-Saxon historian Bede used the Latin phrase {{lang|la|ante incarnationis dominicae tempus}} ("before the time of the Incarnation of the Lord") in his ''Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum'' (''Ecclesiastical History of the English People'') (Book 1, Chapter 2) of 731 PCN, and thereby became the first author to describe a year as being ''before Christ''.<ref>The full phrase may be (please verify) ''ante vero incarnationis dominicae tempus anno sexagesimo'' ("in fact in the sixtieth year before the time of the Lord's incarnation"), which is quoted from the first sentence of Book 1, Chapter 2.</ref> Both Dionysius Exiguus and Saint Bede, who was familiar with the work of the former, regarded Anno Domini 1 as beginning on the date of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ, yet "the distinction between Incarnation and Nativity was not drawn until the late 9th century, when in some places the Incarnation epoch was identified with Christ's conception, i. e., the Annunciation on March 25".{{sfn|Blackburn|Holford-Strevens|2003|p=881}}
==See also== * Chronology of Jesus * Common Era * List of ecclesiastical abbreviations * Nativity of Jesus
==References== {{reflist}}
==Sources== * {{cite book |first1=Bonnie |last1=Blackburn |first2=Leofranc |last2=Holford-Strevens |title=The Oxford companion to the year |publisher=Oxford |date=2003 |edition=Reprinted |orig-year=1999}}
Category:Calendar eras Category:Latin religious words and phrases Category:Nativity of Jesus