Anscarids

{{Short description|Noble family of medieval Europe}} {{refimprove|date=October 2022}} {{Infobox noble house | name = House of Ivrea | native_name = {{small|{{lang|it|Casa di Ivrea}}}} | native_name_lang = French | other_name = Anscarids | coat of arms = Blason Bourgogne-comté ancien(aigle).svg | coat_of_arms_size = 200 | image_size = 160px | caption = | type = Royal family | country = Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Italy Frankish Empire Papal States County of Burgundy Kingdom of Castile, Galicia, León and Kingdom of Aragon | estates = | titles = * Pope (elective) * King of Italy * King of (Crown of) Castile * King of León * King of Galicia * King of (Crown of) Aragon * Margrave of Ivrea * Count of Burgundy * Count of Galicia * Count of Ponthieu * Count of Mâcon * Holy Roman Empress * Queen of France (Regent) | founded = 9th century | founder = Anscar I | final ruler = Italy: Arduin Burgundy: Joan II Castile, Galicia and León: Peter (Spain) Union of Castile and Aragon: Joanna the Mad (illegitimate line) Orange: Philibert | dissolution = {{End date|1369}} (Castile, Galicia and León) {{End date|1555}} (Spain) | cadet branches = * House of Chalon-Arlay, * Castilian House of Ivrea ** House of Ponce de León (illegitimate) *** House of Arcos (illegitimate) ** House of La Cerda ** House of Trastámara (illegitimate) *** House of Noronha (illegitimate) ** House of Enríquez (illegitimate) }} thumb|200px|Coat of arms of the count of Burgundy (up to 1231)

The '''Anscarids''' ({{langx|la|Anscarii}}) or the '''House of Ivrea''' were a medieval dynasty of Burgundian and Frankish origin which rose to prominence in Northern Italy in the tenth century, briefly holding the Italian throne. The main branch ruled the County of Burgundy from the eleventh to fourteenth centuries and it was one of their members who first declared himself a count palatine. The cadet Castilian branch of Ivrea ruled the Kingdom of Galicia from 1111 and the Kingdoms of Castile and León from 1126 until 1369. The Spanish House of Trastámara, which ruled in Castile, Aragon, Naples, and Navarre at various points between the late 14th and early 16th centuries, was an illegitimate cadet branch of that family.

==Ivrea== The founder of the family's fortunes was a petty Burgundian count named Anscar, who, with the support of the powerful archbishop of Rheims, Fulk the Venerable, brought Guy III of Spoleto to Langres to be crowned King of France in 887. Their plot failing, Anscar and his brother accompanied Guy back to Italy with 500 Burgundian troops to seek the throne of Berengar I.<ref>De Manteyer, 495</ref> In gratefulness to Anscar, Guy created the March of Ivrea to bestow on his Burgundian faithful. Anscar's descendants held the march until 1030. Perhaps the most illustrious scion of the house was his grandson Berengar, the first of three Anscarids to be crowned king of Italy.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

Berengar seized the throne in 950 after the death of Lothair II. He was opposed, immediately, by Lothair's widow Adelaide, whom he imprisoned after his attempt to force her marriage to his son, Adalbert II, failed. Emperor Otto I came down the peninsula and forced him to do homage in 952. For the next eleven years, Berengar and his co-crowned son governed Italy until Otto finally formally deposed them in 963.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

From 1002 to 1014 Arduin of Italy held the Italian throne in opposition to the German Henry II.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

==Counts of Burgundy== Adalbert was eventually forced to flee to Burgundy, where he died at Autun. His widow remarried to Otto-Henry, Duke of Burgundy and her son by Adalbert, Otto William, was adopted by the duke. In 982, the County of Burgundy (which will later be known as Free County) is created. Otto-Henri supported Otto-William to be the first count of Burgundy. At the death of the duke, the count inherited the duchy of Burgundy. After the council of Héry (1015), Robert II of France and his son, Henry I of France, confiscated the duchy, leaving only a small portion around Dijon to Otto-William.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

The greatest of the free counts was Renaud III, who, from 1127, used the title ''franc-comte'' as a sign of independence of German or Imperial authority, but was forced to submit to Conrad III. His daughter and heiress, Beatrice, married Frederick Barbarossa and united the Anscarid inheritance with that of the Hohenstaufen. Burgundy was inherited by her son Otto I, who had an Anscarid name. Thus the county was lost for the House of Ivrea, but it came back when Hugh of Chalon married to Adelaide countess of Burgundy, daughter of Beatrice II of Hohenstaufen (Otto I's daughter). However, in 1303 died Otto IV, Count of Burgundy, last male of the main line and the county inherited to the Dampierre family and finally to the Capetian-Valois dukes of Burgundy.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

John I of Chalon-Arlay, a younger brother of Hugh of Chalon, became the founder of the line of Chalon-Arlay. His descendant, John III of Chalon-Arlay married Mary de Beaux princess of Orange, thus the principality was acquired by the family. The last male offspring was Philibert of Chalon who died in 1530. The possessions inherited to son of his sister Claudia of Chalon, i.e. René of Nassau.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

==Castilian branch of Ivrea== Raymond, fourth son of Count William I of Burgundy, travelled to Castile-León in the late eleventh century and there married Urraca, the future monarch. She was succeeded by their son, Alfonso VII. Subsequent monarchs of Castile and León were their agnatic descendants until the 16th century, although the crown had passed to an illegitimate cadet branch, the House of Trastámara, in the late 14th century.{{cn|date=October 2022}}

==Family tree of House of Ivrea== {{Tree chart/start}} {{Tree chart | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|.| }} {{Tree chart | | | | | | | An1 | | Ful |An1=Anscar I margrave of Ivrea '''House of Ivrea'''|Ful=Fulk Archbishop of Reims}} {{Tree chart | | | | | | | |!}} {{Tree chart | | | | | | | Ad1 |Ad1=Adalbert I margrave of Ivrea}} {{Tree chart | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }} {{Tree chart | | | | | | | Be2 | | | | | | | | | | An2 |Be2=Berengar II margrave of Ivrea, king of Lombards in Italy|An2=Anscar II duke of Spoleto}} {{Tree chart | | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | | | Ger |y| Ad2 | | Guy | | Con | | Dad |Ger=Gerberga of Chalon|Ad2=Adalbert II co-king of Lombards in Italy|Guy=Guy margrave of Ivrea|Con=Conrad margrave of Ivrea|Dad=Dado count of Pombia}} {{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | | | | | OWi | | | | | | | | | | | | Ard |OWi=Otto William count of Burgundy|Ard=Arduin margrave of Ivrea, king of Lombards in Italy}} {{Tree chart | | | | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | | | | | Re1 |Re1=Reginald I count of Burgundy}} {{Tree chart | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| }} {{Tree chart | | | | | Wi1 | | Guy |Wi1=William I count of Burgundy|Guy=Guy count of Brionne}} {{Tree chart | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }} {{Tree chart | Re2 | | | | | | St1 | | Guy | | Ray |y| Urr |Re2=Reginald II count of Burgundy|St1=Stephen I count of Burgundy|Ray=Raymond count of Galicia|Urr=Urraca queen of Castile & León House of Jiménez|Guy=(Guy) Pope Callixtus II}} {{Tree chart | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | | | | | | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | Wi2 | | Re3 | | Wil | | | | | | | | CAS | |Wi2=William II count of Burgundy|Wil=William III count of Mâcon|Re3=Reginald III count of Burgundy|CAS=Castilian House of Ivrea}} {{Tree chart | |!| | | |!| | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | Wi3 | | Be1 | | St2 |Wi3=William III count of Burgundy|St2=Stephen II count of Auxonne|Be1=Beatrice I countess of Burgundy}} {{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | | | | | Ot1 | | St3 |St3=Stephen III count of Auxonne|Ot1=''Otto I of Hohenstaufen count of Burgundy''|ΑλΗ=Αλφόνσος Η΄ βασ. της Καστίλης}} {{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | | | | | Be2 | | Joh |Be2=''Beatrice II of Hohenstaufen countess of Burgundy''|Joh=John count of Chalon}} {{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }} {{Tree chart | | | | | Ade |y| Hug | | Joh | | Jo1 | | HBe |Ade=''Adelaide of Andechs countess of Burgundy''|Hug=Hugh Count of Chalon|Joh=John I count of Auxerre|Jo1=John I lord of Arlay House of Arlay|HBe=Hugh archbishop of Besançon}} {{Tree chart | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| }} {{Tree chart | | | | | Ot4 | | Reg |Ot4=Otto IV count of Burgundy|Reg=Reginald}} {{Tree chart | | | | | |!| | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | Ph5 |y| Jo2 | | Ote |Ph5=Philip V of France|Jo2=Joan II countess of Burgundy|Ote=Othenin count of Montbéliard}} {{Tree chart | | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | | | Mar |Mar=''Margaret I Countess of Burgundy''}} {{Tree chart | | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | | | Lou |Lou=''Louis II, Count of Flanders, Count of Burgundy''}} {{Tree chart | | | |!| }} {{Tree chart | | | Mag |Mag=''Margaret II Countess of Burgundy''}} {{Tree chart/end}}

==See also== *House of Chalon-Arlay, the second ruling house of the Principality of Orange, also a cadet branch of the Anscarids. *Portuguese House of Burgundy, a cadet branch of the House of Capet, which ruled Portugal contemporaneously with the Castilian House of Ivrea.

==Sources== {{reflist}} *De Manteyer, Georges. ''Les origines de la maison de Savoie en Bourgogne (910-1060)''. Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire: 1899. *Wickham, Chris. ''Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400–1000''. MacMillan Press: 1981.

{{s-start}} {{s-royalhouse|House of Ivrea}} |- {{s-bef|before=(founder)}} {{s-ttl|title=70px counts of Burgundy|years=982–1190}} {{s-aft|after=House of Hohenstaufen}} |- {{s-royalhouse|House of Ivrea}} {{s-bef|before=House of Andechs}} {{s-ttl|title=70px counts of Burgundy|years=1279–1330}} {{s-aft|after=House of Capet}} {{end}}

Category:Anscarids Category:History of Franche-Comté Category:Political history of Italy Italy Category:Lists of Italian nobility Category:Kings of Italy Category:Monarchy in Italy

Anscarids

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