Anoplophora

{{Short description|Genus of beetles}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Anoplophora chinensis 2008.jpg | image_caption = ''Anoplophora chinensis'' | taxon = Anoplophora | authority = Hope, 1839 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = see text | synonyms = *''Oplophora'' Hope, 1839 *''Calloplophora'' Thomson, 1864 *''Melanauster'' Thomson, 1868 *''Cyriocrates'' Thomson, 1868 *''Micromelanauster'' Pic, 1931 *''Falsocyriocrates'' Pic, 1953 *''Mimonemophas'' Breuning, 1961 }}

'''''Anoplophora''''' is a genus of beetles in the longhorn beetle family (Cerambycidae). They are native to Asia.<ref name=mc>McDougall, D. N. [https://web.archive.org/web/20041018001838/http://www.spfnic.fs.fed.us/exfor/data/pestreports.cfm?pestidval=76&langdisplay=english ''Anoplophora chinensis''.] USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry. North American Forest Commission Exotic Forest Pest Information System (NAFC-ExFor). 2001.</ref> Most are large and colorful and thus are depicted in artwork and sought after by beetle collectors.<ref name=hoe>Hoebeke, E. R. and G. Page. (2002). [http://www.entsoc.org/PDF/Pubs/Periodicals/AE/AE-2002/winter/musings.pdf Longhorned beetles of the genus ''Anoplophora'' and lithography: Alien invaders in the eye of the beholder!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216052601/http://entsoc.org/PDF/Pubs/Periodicals/AE/AE-2002/winter/musings.pdf |date=2010-12-16 }} ''American Entomologist'' 48(4) 200-06.</ref> The genus also includes several notorious pest insects.<ref name=mc/>

==Description== Beetles of ''Anoplophora'' are 1 to 5 centimeters in length. They are spotted or banded with a range of color patterns in shades of yellow, blue, purple, and white.<ref name=hoe/> They have very long antennae.<ref name=mc/> One characteristic that is particularly useful for distinguishing the species from one another is the structure of the male genitalia.<ref name=wu>Wu, W. and S. Jiang. (1989). [http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-KCXB198902012.htm A taxonomic study of the male genitalia of the genus ''Anoplophora'' Hope (Col. Cerambycidae).] ''Acta Entomologica Sinica'' 2, 012.</ref>

==Impacts== Several ''Anoplophora'' species are major pests of urban, ornamental, and agricultural trees.

The Asian long-horned beetle (''A. glabripennis'') is native to China and Korea,<ref name=hoe/> and it is now widespread in Europe as an introduced species. Populations of this beetle have been detected in some locations in North America, including Toronto, Chicago, New Jersey, Ohio, Massachusetts, and New York City, and have either been declared eradicated, or are currently being dealt with under an eradication program. Many tree species can serve as hosts to the beetle, but it especially favors maples.<ref name=smith>Smith, M. T., et al. (2009). [https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80100500/AsianLonghornedBeetleResearch/762_Asian.pdf Asian longhorned beetle ''Anoplophora glabripennis'' (Motschulsky): Lessons learned and opportunities to improve the process of eradication and management.] ''American Entomologist'' 55(1) 21-26.</ref>

The citrus long-horned beetle (''A. chinensis''; syn. ''A. malasiaca'') has been introduced from Asia to Europe and North America. It is a pest of citrus and other fruit and nut trees. It infests forest trees and ornamentals. It attacks over 100 species of trees, shrubs, and herbs from many plant families. Damage from its wood-boring larvae can kill trees.<ref name=mc/>

==Diversity== In a 2002 revision of the genus, 36 species were recognized.<ref name=hoe/> At least nine more species have been described since then, and additional revisionary work has subsumed several other genera into ''Anoplophora'', so it includes over 50 species at present.<ref name="bezbycids">{{Cite web |last=Bezark |first=Larry |title=A Photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World (old world) |url=http://bezbycids.com/byciddb/wdefault.asp?w=o |access-date=25 July 2022}}</ref>

==Genomics== Chromosome-level genome assemblies for species in the genus ''Anoplophora'' were published in 2026, including ''Anoplophora glabripennis'' and ''Anoplophora malasiaca''. The genome sizes are approximately 708–730 Mb, with over 95% of each assembly anchored to 10 and 15 chromosomes, respectively. The assemblies have BUSCO completeness scores above 99%, and approximately 23,000–23,500 protein-coding genes were predicted.<ref name="Anoplophora2026">{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Sangil |last2=Jung |first2=Seunghun |last3=Farrell |first3=Brian D. |last4=Shin |first4=Seunggwan |title=Chromosome-scale reference genome assemblies for two Anoplophora longhorned beetle species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |year=2026 |volume=18 |issue=3 |article-number=evag064 |pmid=41807107 |pmc=13012418 |doi=10.1093/gbe/evag064 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Species== {{Div col|colwidth=24em}} *''Anoplophora albopicta'' (Matsushita, 1933) *''Anoplophora amoena'' (Jordan, 1895) *''Anoplophora ankangensis'' (Chiang, 1981) *''Anoplophora asuanga'' Schultze, 1923 *''Anoplophora beryllina'' (Hope, 1840) *''Anoplophora birmanica'' Huedepohl, 1990 *''Anoplophora bowringii'' (White, 1858) *''Anoplophora cheni'' Bi & Ohbayashi, 2015 *''Anoplophora chiangi'' Hua & Zhang, 1991 *''Anoplophora chinensis'' (Forster, 1771) *''Anoplophora coeruleoantennata'' (Breuning, 1946) *''Anoplophora davidis'' (Fairmaire, 1886) *''Anoplophora decemmaculata'' Pu, 1999 *''Anoplophora elegans'' (Gahan, 1888) *''Anoplophora fanjingensis'' Yang, Yang & Tian, 2020 *''Anoplophora flavomaculata'' (Gressitt, 1935) *''Anoplophora freyi'' (Breuning, 1946) *''Anoplophora fruhstorferi'' (Aurivillius, 1902) *''Anoplophora glabripennis'' (Motschulsky, 1854) *''Anoplophora graafi'' (Ritsema, 1880) *''Anoplophora granata'' Holzschuh, 1993 *''Anoplophora gressitti'' Ohbayashi & Bi, 2014 *''Anoplophora horsfieldii'' (Hope, 1842) *''Anoplophora huangjianbini'' Wang & He, 2021 *''Anoplophora imitator'' (White, 1858) *''Anoplophora irregularis'' (Aurivillius, 1924) *''Anoplophora jianfenglingensis'' Hua, 1989 *''Anoplophora leechi'' (Gahan, 1888) *''Anoplophora longehirsuta'' Breuning, 1968 *''Anoplophora lucipor'' Newman, 1842 *''Anoplophora lurida'' (Pascoe, 1857) *''Anoplophora macularia'' (Thomson, 1865) *''Anoplophora mamaua'' Schultze, 1923 *''Anoplophora medenbachii'' (Ritsema, 1881) *''Anoplophora multimaculata'' (Xie & Wang, 2015) *''Anoplophora ogasawaraensis'' Makihara, 1976 *''Anoplophora oshimana'' (Fairmaire, 1895) *''Anoplophora puxian'' Wang & He, 2021 *''Anoplophora quadrifasciata'' (Breuning, 1961) *''Anoplophora rubidacorpora'' Xie, Shi & Wang, 2015 *''Anoplophora ryukyuensis'' Breuning & Ohbayashi, 1964 *''Anoplophora sebastieni'' Duranton, 2004 *''Anoplophora siderea'' Bi, Chen & Ohbayashi, 2020 *''Anoplophora similis'' (Gahan, 1900) *''Anoplophora sollii'' (Hope, 1840) *''Anoplophora stanleyana'' Hope, 1840 *''Anoplophora tianaca'' Schultze, 1923 *''Anoplophora tonkinea'' (Pic, 1907) *''Anoplophora viriantennata'' Wang & Chiang, 1998 *''Anoplophora wusheana'' Chang, 1960 *''Anoplophora zonator'' (Thomson, 1878) {{Div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== {{Commons category|Anoplophora}} *Lingafelter, S. W. and E. R. Hoebeke. ''Revision of'' Anoplophora ''(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).'' The Entomological Society of Washington, Washington, D.C. 2002. 238 p.

Category:Lamiini Category:Taxa named by Frederick William Hope Category:Cerambycidae genera