Ano Pedina

{{Short description|Village in Zagori, Greece}} {{Infobox Greek Dimos |name = Ano Pedina |name_local = Άνω Πεδινά |type = community |periph = Epirus |periphunit = Ioannina |municipality = Zagori |municunit = Central Zagori |population = 106 |population_as_of = 2021 |area = |elevation = 920 |coordinates = {{coord|39.88|20.7057|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |postal_code = |area_code = |licence = ΙΝ |mayor = |website = |image_skyline = Ano Pedina village.jpg |caption_skyline = |party = |since = }} '''Ano Pedina''' ({{langx|el|Άνω Πεδινά}}, before 1928: Άνω Σουδενά, ''Ano Soudena'',<ref name="pandektisAnSAnK">{{cite web|author=Institute for Neohellenic Research|title=Name Changes of Settlements in Greece: Ano Soudena – Ano Kampos|url=https://pandektis.ekt.gr/pandektis/handle/10442/172451|website=Pandektis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127202025/https://pandektis.ekt.gr/pandektis/handle/10442/172451|archive-date=27 November 2024|access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="eetaaAnSAnKAnP"/> between 1928 and 1929: Άνω Κάμπος, ''Ano Kampos'')<ref name="pandektisAnKAnP">{{cite web|author=Institute for Neohellenic Research|title=Name Changes of Settlements in Greece: Ano Kampos – Ano Pedina|url=https://pandektis.ekt.gr/pandektis/handle/10442/171696|website=Pandektis|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260112050907/https://pandektis.ekt.gr/pandektis/handle/10442/171696|archive-date=12 January 2026|access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref><ref name="eetaaAnSAnKAnP">{{cite web|author=Hellenic Agency for Local Development and Local Government|title=Διοικητικές Μεταβολές των Οικισμών: Άνω Σουδενά – Άνω Κάμπος – Άνω Πεδινά|url=https://www.eetaa.gr/eetaa/metaboles/oikmet_details.php?id=17474|trans-title=Administrative Changes of Settlements: Ano Soudena – Ano Kampos – Ano Pedina|language=el|website=EETAA|access-date=13 February 2026}}</ref> is one of the villages in Central Zagori in the Ioannina regional unit, northwestern Greece. It is located on the western slopes of Mt Tymfi. The village is located on the edge of an extensive plateau (altitude 1000 m.), known locally as Varko (or Varka).<ref name="Oikonomou276"/>

There are two monasteries, the monastery of Evangelistria and the monastery of Agia Paraskevi. The first is the oldest, restored in 1786, while the second was founded in 1750.<ref>Λαμπρίδης Ιωάννης "Ζαγοριακά", Τυπογραφείον Αυγής, Αθήνα, 1870</ref>

== Name == The villages (Upper and Lower) were recorded in a chrysobull from 1361 by Serbian ruler Simeon Uroš to the feudal lord John Tzafa Orsini Douka.<ref name="Oikonomou276"/> The villages were recorded as Stoudena in a document from 1627.<ref name="Oikonomou276"/> In the late 19th century, the scholar Ioannis Lambridis wrote that both villages were called ''Stoudena'' until 1634 and etymologised the toponym as meaning 'cold place'.<ref name="Oikonomou276"/> The linguist Max Vasmer gave etymologies for each form of the toponym. Soudena derived from the Slavic ''sǫdъnъ'', stemming from ''sǫdъ'' 'court', which the linguist Kostas Oikonomou excluded as there are no examples of the inflection of the Slavic ''ǫ'' in Greek as ''u''.<ref name="Oikonomou276277">{{harvnb|Oikonomou|2002|pp=276–277}}.</ref> Alternatively, Vasmer derived the placename from the Latin ''sudis'', where the Greek preposition ''suda'' originates from.<ref name="Oikonomou277"/>

Vasmer stated Stoudena is from the Slavic ''studenъ'' 'cold'.<ref name="Oikonomou277"/> The linguist Phaedon Malingoudis derived the toponym from Slavic ''sǫdъ'', not directly from the preposition but from the proper noun ''Suden''.<ref name="Oikonomou277"/> Malingoudis stated the etymology of the toponym must exclude the adjectival form ''soudinos'', stemming from ''souda'' and the suffix -''inos'', and also ''sondina'' 'fields, estates' as both presuppose an unmarked type and for phonetic reasons, since the inversion of ''i'' into ''e'' near ''n'' occurs rarely, while it occurs frequently near liquids.<ref name="Oikonomou277"/>

Taking the above into account, Oikonomou, referring to the original form ''Studena'', derived the placename from the Slavic adjectival ''studenъ'' 'cold', by omission of the noun ''selo'' 'village'.<ref name="Oikonomou277"/> Later the form Soudena emerged through the etymological influence of the word ''souda'' from the form ''studena'' and ''zdina'' according to northern Greek phonetics where ''u'' was elided, ''e'' shifted to ''i'', and the voicing of ''s'' in the new consonant cluster ''sd'' arose after the elimination of the unstressed ''u''.<ref name="Oikonomou277">{{cite book|last=Oikonomou|first=Kostas E.|year=2002|title=Τα οικωνύμια του νομού Ιωαννίνων. Γλωσσολογική εξέταση|url=https://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/25635/1/949.53%20%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%9A.pdf|trans-title=The oikonyms of the prefecture of Ioannina. A linguistic examination|language=el|publisher=Nomarchiaki Aftodioikisi Ioanninon|page=277|isbn=9789608316010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125035650/https://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/bitstream/123456789/25635/1/949.53%20%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%9A.pdf|archive-date=25 November 2024}}</ref>

Late 20th century scholarly editions of the 1361 chrysobull transcribe the toponym as ''Pedanata''.<ref name="Oikonomou276"/> Oikonomou wrote that the chrysobull name is due to an error from a scribe or copyist who combined the placename ''Pedana'' with the article ''ta''.<ref name="Oikonomou276"/> The name is formed from the epithet ''Pedina'' which through linguistic assimilation became ''Pedana'' as ''i'' changed into ''a''.<ref name="Oikonomou276"/> In the 19th century edition of the chrysobull by the scholar Panagiotis Aravantinos, he corrected the text and wrote in a note the name Pedanata is a corrupted form.<ref name="Oikonomou276"/> The village was renamed to Pedina in 1927.<ref name="Oikonomou276"/> Oikonomou stated the motivations among the individuals responsible for the renaming of the village remain unknown.<ref name="Oikonomou276">{{harvnb|Oikonomou|2002|p=276}}.</ref>

== Demographics == The village is inhabited by Greeks, and some Sarakatsani who settled in the village during the early 20th century.<ref name="Kahl106">{{harvnb|Kahl|1999|p=106}}: "Áno Pediná: griechische Zagorisier, einige Familien Sarakatschanen seit Anfang des 20. Jh.s im Ort seßhaft"</ref> The Sarakatsani are Greek speakers.<ref name="Kahl114">{{cite journal|last=Kahl|first=Thede|year=1999|title=Die Zagóri-Dörfer in Nordgriechenland: Wirtschaftliche Einheit – ethnische Vielfalt|url=https://www.academia.edu/34296574|trans-title=The Zagóri Villages in Northern Greece: Economic Unity – Ethnic Diversity|journal=Ethnologia Balkanica|language=de|volume=3|page=114}}</ref>

==Notable people== *Neophytos Doukas, humanist.

== References == {{reflist}}

Category:Populated places in Ioannina (regional unit) Category:Zagori