Annaka Domain

{{Infobox former subdivision |_noautocat = |native_name = 安中藩 |conventional_long_name = Annaka Domain |common_name = Annaka Domain |subdivision = Han |nation = |status_text = under Tokugawa shogunate Japan |government_type = Daimyō  |capital = {{ill|Annaka Castle|ja|安中城}} |coordinates = |political_subdiv =  |today = part of Gunma Prefecture   |year_start = 1615 |year_end = 1871 |event_start = |date_start =  |event_end =  |date_end =  |event1 =  |date_event1 = |event2 = |date_event2 = |event3 = |date_event3 = |event4 = |date_event4 = |event5 = |date_event5 = |life_span = |era = Edo period |event_pre =  |date_pre = |event_post =  |date_post =  |image_flag =  |image_border =  |flag_type =  |flag =  |image_coat = |symbol_type = |symbol =  |image_map = |image_map_caption =  |stat_year1 =  |stat_area1 =  |stat_pop1 =  |footnotes =  }} {{nihongo|'''Annaka Domain''' |安中藩|Annaka-han}} was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Kōzuke Province (modern-day Gunma Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Annaka Castle in what is now the city of Annaka, Gunma.

==History== Ii Naomasa was one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's most trusted Four Generals, and was made ''daimyō'' of Hikone Domain, with revenues of 180,000 ''koku''. After his death in 1603, he was succeeded by his son, Ii Naokatsu, who was in poor health. Naokatsu sent his younger brother, Ii Naotaka to the Siege of Osaka, where he served with great distinction. As a reward, Tokugawa Ieyasu gave Hikone to Naokatsu, and reassigned his elder brother to the much smaller holding (30,000 ''koku'') of Annaka in 1615. This marked the start of Annaka Domain. After beginning work on Annaka Castle and the surrounding castle town, Naotsugu retired in favor of his son, Ii Naoyoshi, who was transferred to Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province in 1643.

The Ii clan was replaced by Mizuno Mototsugu from Shinjō Domain in Mikawa, and the domain was reduced to 20,000 ''koku''. He turned the domain over to his son Mizonu Mototomo in 1663; however after Mototomo went insane and attempted to murder his wife in 1667, he was relieved of his post.

The shogunate then assigned Hotta Masatomo to the domain. Masatomo also served as ''rōjū'' to ''Shōgun'' Tokugawa Ietsuna from 1679–80. He left Annaka on his appointment to ''Tairō'' under Tokugawa Tsunayoshi in 1681. A ''hatamoto'', Itakura Shigekata, was then raised to the ranks of daimyo, and assigned to Annaka. His son, Itakura Shigeatsu was reassigned to Izumi Domain in Mutsu Province in 1702, exchanging places with Naitō Masamori. The Naitō clan ruled for three generations until their transfer to Komori Domain in Shinano Province in 1749.

The Itakura clan then returned to Annaka in the form of Itakura Katsukiyo, formerly of Sagara Domain in Tōtōmi Province. The Itakura continued to rule Annaka until the end of the Edo period. During their rule, Annaka came to be known as an educational center after the 4th Itakura daimyo, Itakura Katsunao, established a domain academy in 1808.{{r|Yajima 1940}} His heir, Itakura Katsuakira, was also fond of study and encouraged his vassals to study.<ref name="Yajima 1940">{{cite journal |title=Townscape of Annaka, Joshū |last=Yajima |first=Nikichi |journal=Geographical Review of Japan |date=August 1940 |volume=16 |issue=8 |pages=557–567 |doi=10.4157/grj.16.557 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The meiji-era educator Joseph Hardy Neesima was born in his reign as the son of a retainer of the domain.<ref name="Ota 2007">{{cite journal |title=Takeoff from Rearing in 'Home and Village' -- Thoughts for Reforming Child Rearing between End of Tokugawa Shogunate and Meiji Restoration |journal=Study of History of Early Childhood Education |year=2007 |volume=12 |pages=43–58 |doi=10.20658/youjikyoikushi.12.0_43 |last=Ota |first=Motoko }}</ref> Hearing he had talent, Katsuakira ordered him to take up Dutch studies at his age of 14.<ref name="Doshisha History">{{cite web |url=https://one-purpose.doshisha.ac.jp/en/history/index.html |title=History - Doshisha University for foreigners site |publisher=Doshisha University |accessdate=2021-11-12 }}</ref> Neeshima's grandfather was formerly Shugen mystic, and, expected to utilize his knowledge by the ruler of those days Katsunao, later became a lower-ranked feudal retainer of Annaka Domain.{{r|Ota 2007}} Katsuakira, being an exemplary political figure of early Bakumatsu-era, having antiforeignism and chauvinism, and taking Japan's situation seriously,<ref name="Takigawa 2005">{{cite journal |title=Reflection on Antiforeign Chauvinism in End of Tokugawa Shogunate |last=Takigawa |first=Shugo |journal=Treatises of Legal and Political Sciences |publisher=Japan Association of Legal and Political Sciences |year=2005 |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=19–30 |doi=10.20816/jalps.42.2_19 }}</ref> encouraged new industry in his domain{{r|Yajima 1940}} and conducted military trainings, for example: Ansei Toashi.<ref name="Itabashi 2017">{{cite journal |title=Ansei Toashi Samurai Marathon and its Utilization as a Cultural Resource |last=Itabashi |first=Haruo |journal=Study for History of Sports |year=2017 |volume=30 |pages=79–86 |doi=10.19010/jjshjb.30.0_79 }}</ref>

Meanwhile, the domain had suffered greatly during the Great Tenmei famine of 1782-1788 and its finances were further ruined by the burden of having to repair the Nakasendo and provide an escort for Princess Kazunomiya on her travel to Edo to wed ''Shōgun'' Tokugawa Iemochi in 1862. During the Bakumatsu period, discontent with the shogunate led to the ''Sekihōtai'' movement, which started in Annaka. During the Boshin War, the final daimyo, Itakura Katsumasa was assigned by ''Shōgun'' Tokugawa Yoshinobu to hold the Usui Pass against the armies of the Satchō Alliance, but he quickly capitulated to the imperial forces.

After the end of the conflict, with the abolition of the han system in July 1871, Annaka Domain became "Annaka Prefecture", which later became part of Gunma Prefecture. The Meiji-era educator Joseph Hardy Neesima was the son of a retainer of the Itakura clan of Annaka.

The domain had a population of 896 samurai in 206 households per a census in 1872.<ref>[http://www1.parkcity.ne.jp/sito/44.html Edo daimyo.net {{in lang|ja}}] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404112924/http://www1.parkcity.ne.jp/sito/44.html |date=April 4, 2015 }}</ref>

==Holdings at the end of the Edo period== As with most domains in the han system, Tatebayashi Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''kokudaka'', based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.<ref>Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv99D510nHcC&pg=PA150&dq= ''The Bakufu in Japanese History,'' p. 150].</ref><ref>Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=T2_5_W7UFXwC&pg=PA18&dq= ''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18].</ref>

*Kōzuke Province **6 villages in Gunma District **34 villages in Usui District *Shimōsa Province **9 villages in Katori District **10 villages in Inba District **4 villages in Kaijō District

==List of ''daimyōs''== {| class=wikitable ! #||Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank || ''kokudaka'' |- |colspan=6|30px '''Ii clan''' (''fudai'') 1615–1645 |- ||1||{{nihongo|Ii Naokatsu| 井伊直勝}}||1615–1632|| ''Sakon-no-taifu'' (左近大夫)|| Lower 4th (従四位下)|| 30,000 ''koku'' |- ||2||{{nihongo|Ii Naoyoshi| 井伊直好}}||1632–1645||''Hyōbu-shōyu'' (兵部少輔)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 30,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 30px '''Mizuno clan''' (''fudai'') 1645–1667 |- ||1||{{nihongo|Mizuno Mototsuna| 水野元綱}}||1645–1664||''Bingo-no-kami'' (備後守)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 20,000 ''koku'' |- ||2||{{nihongo|Mizuno Mototomo| 水野元知}}||1664–1667||''Shinano-no-kami'' (信濃守)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 20,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 30px '''Hotta clan''' (''fudai'') 1667–1681 |- ||1||{{nihongo|Hotta Masatoshi| 堀田正俊}}||1667–1681|| ''Chikuzen-no-kami'' (筑前守); ''Jijū'' (侍従)|| Lower 4th (従四位下)|| 20,000→40,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 30px '''Itakura clan''' (''fudai'') 1681–1702 |- ||1||{{nihongo|Itakura Shigekata| 板倉重形}}||1681–1684||''Iyo-no-kami'' (伊予守)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 15,000 ''koku'' |- ||2||{{nihongo|Itakura Shigeatsu| 板倉重同}}||1684–1702|| ''Iyo-no-kami'' (伊予守)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 15,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 30px '''Naitō clan''' (''fudai'') 1702–1749 |- ||1||{{nihongo|Naito Masamori| 内藤政森}}||1702–1733||''Tanba-no-kami'' (丹波守)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 20,000 ''koku'' |- ||2||{{nihongo|Naito Masasato| 内藤政里}}||1733–1746|| -none-|| -none-|| 20,000 ''koku'' |- ||3||{{nihongo|Naito Masamitsu| 内藤政苗}}||1746–1749|| ''Tanba-no-kami'' (丹波守)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 20,000 ''koku'' |- |colspan=6| 30px '''Itakura clan''' (''fudai'') 1749-1871 |- ||1||{{nihongo|Itakura Katsukiyo|板倉勝清}}||1749–1780||''Sado-no-kami'' (佐渡守); ''Jijū'' (侍従)|| Lower 4th (従四位下)|| 20,000 ->30,000 ''koku'' |- ||2||{{nihongo|Itakura Katsutoshi| 板倉勝暁}}||1780–1792|| ''Hizen-no-kami'' (肥前守)|| Lower 4th (従四位下)|| 30,000 ''koku'' |- ||3||{{nihongo|Itakura Katsuoki| 板倉勝意}}||1792–1805|| ''Iyo-no-kami'' (伊予守)|| Lower 4th (従四位下)|| 30,000 ''koku'' |- ||4||{{nihongo|Itakura Katsunao|板倉勝尚}}||1805–1820|| ''Iyo-no-kami'' (伊予守)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 30,000 ''koku'' |- ||5||{{nihongo|Itakura Katsuakira|板倉勝明}}||1820–1857|| ''Iyo-no-kami'' (伊予守)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 30,000 ''koku'' |- ||6||{{nihongo|Itakura Katsumasa|板倉勝殷}}||1857–1871||''Kazue-no-kami'' (主計頭)|| Lower 5th (従五位下)|| 30,000 ''koku'' |- |}

==References== *{{cite book | last = Papinot | first = E. | year = 1910 | title = Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan | publisher = Tuttle (reprint) 1972 }}

==Notes== {{reflist}}

==External links== *{{in lang|ja}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120128230617/http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~me4k-skri/han/kantou/annaka.html Annaka on "Edo 300 HTML"]

Category:Domains of Japan Category:1615 establishments in Japan Category:States and territories established in 1615 Category:1871 disestablishments in Japan Category:States and territories disestablished in 1871 Category:Kōzuke Province Category:History of Gunma Prefecture