Anglicanorum coetibus

{{Short description|Apostolic constitution by Benedict XVI}} {{Infobox papal document|title=Anglicanorum coetibus|type=ac|pope=Benedict XVI|language of title=latin|translation of title=Groups of Anglicans|signature date=4 November 2009|Papal coats of arms=File:Coat of arms of Benedictus XVI.svg|subject=Official establishment of personal ordinariates for former Anglicans<ref name="anglicanorum-coetibus"/>|web_la=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/la/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_ben-xvi_apc_20091104_anglicanorum-coetibus.html|Acta Apostolicae Sedis=12 (2009): 985–990}} {{Italic title}} {{Pope Benedict XVI sidebar}} {{Catholic canon law}}

'''''{{lang|la|Anglicanorum coetibus}}''''' ("Groups of Anglicans"){{sfn|De Mey|2016|pages=285-286}} is an apostolic constitution written by Pope Benedict XVI on 4 November 2009 and promulgated the same day by the Holy See in Latin, English, and Italian, which regulates the establishment of personal ordinariates for former Anglicans converting to the Roman Catholic Church.<ref>{{cite book |author-last=Lopes |author-first=Steven J. |year=2022 |chapter=Foreword |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GoOIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PAvii |editor1-last=Oxley |editor1-first=Walter |editor2-last=Rhode |editor2-first=Ulrich |title=A Treasure to be Shared: Understanding Anglicanorum coetibus |location=Harrogate, North Yorkshire, Toronto, Ontario, and Washington, D.C. |publisher=Catholic University of America Press |pages=vii–xii |isbn=9780813235172 |jstor=j.ctv2wdtm5s.3 |quote=The Apostolic Constitution ''Anglicanorum coetibus'', promulgated on November 4, 2009, establishes new juridical structures in the Catholic Church—Personal Ordinariates equivalent to dioceses—to accommodate the corporate reunion of groups of Anglican faithful and their pastors within the fullness of Catholic communion. In the broadest sense, these Ordinariates spring from the vision of Pope Benedict XVI and are a concrete expression of the Church’s solicitude for communion and dialogue. The Apostolic Constitution itself revolves around a very clear and important ecumenical principle: the unity of faith allows for a vibrant diversity in the expression of that same faith.}}</ref>{{sfn|De Mey|2016|pages=285-286}}<ref name="anglicanorum-coetibus"/> At the same time, 14 articles that contain supplementary norms for the constitution were issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> The document replaced the Pastoral Provision in effect in the United States since 1980.{{sfn|Waddell|2021|pages=25-26}} The constitution is divided into 13 points that contains the justification for its enactment and a part that contains the norms that are to apply to the personal ordinariates.<ref name="anglicanorum-coetibus"/>

==Basic standards== {{Main|Canon law of the Catholic Church}} {{Further|Conversion to Catholicism|Personal ordinariate}}

The basis for admission is the profession of faith as described in the Catechism of the Catholic Church.<ref name="anglicanorum-coetibus"/> Chapter I contains provisions for the establishment of personal ordinariates for former Anglicans who wish to enter into full communion with the Roman Catholic Church.<ref name="anglicanorum-coetibus"/><ref name="norme-anglicanorum1">{{cite web |author1-last=Levada |author1-first=William |author1-link=William Levada |author2-last=Ladaria |author2-first=Luis F. |author2-link=Luis Ladaria Ferrer |date=November 4, 2009 |title=Complementary Norms for the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum coetibus |url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20091104_norme-anglicanorum-coetibus_en.html |url-status=live |website=www.vatican.va |location=Vatican City |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana on behalf of the Holy See |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112144115/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20091104_norme-anglicanorum-coetibus_en.html |archive-date=November 12, 2009 |access-date=May 28, 2025}}</ref> The Anglican personal ordinariates under the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith{{sfn|De Mey|2016|pages=285-286}} will be established alongside the existing, but territorially defined Roman Catholic dioceses.<ref name="anglicanorum-coetibus">{{cite web |author=Pope Benedict XVI |date=November 4, 2009 |title=Anglicanorum coetibus: Providing for Personal Ordinariates for Anglicans entering into full communion with the Catholic Church |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_ben-xvi_apc_20091104_anglicanorum-coetibus.html |url-status=live |website=www.vatican.va |location=Vatican City |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana on behalf of the Holy See |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220110818/https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_ben-xvi_apc_20091104_anglicanorum-coetibus.html |archive-date=December 20, 2019 |access-date=May 28, 2025}}</ref> So they are not part of a diocese, but rather legally independent subchurches.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/>{{sfn|Waddell|2021|pages=23-24}} In every area of a bishops' conference, one or more ordinariates can be established.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> The ordinariates possess legal personality and are comparable in their constitution to a regular diocese.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/>

Each ordinariate consists of the laity, clergy, and members of religious orders and societies of apostolic life who have previously belonged to the Church of England and the broader Anglican Communion, and now wish to be in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church, as well as those who have received the sacraments of initiation (i.e., baptism, confirmation, and communion) within these ordinariates.<ref name="anglicanorum-coetibus"/><ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/>

==Liturgy== {{Main|Anglican Use|Priesthood in the Catholic Church}} {{Further|Canon law of the Catholic Church|Catholic liturgy}}

The personal ordinariates are self-governing in accordance with the provisions of the Roman Catholic canon law and the apostolic constitution ''Anglicanorum coetibus'',{{sfn|De Mey|2016|pages=285-286}} and are subject to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the other congregations of the Roman Curia according to their respective areas of competence (Section II).<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> The ordinariates may use their own liturgical books from the Anglican tradition that have been approved by the Holy See{{sfn|Waddell|2021|pages=33-36}} (such as the ''Book of Common Prayer''),{{sfn|Waddell|2021|pages=33-36}}{{sfn|Brand|2018|pages=198-204}} and celebrate the Eucharist, the other sacraments, and the Liturgy of the Hours according to them.{{sfn|Waddell|2021|pages=33-36}}{{sfn|Brand|2018|pages=198-204}} The celebration of the Roman Rite (''Rituale Romanum'') is not excluded (Section III AC).<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/>{{sfn|Brand|2018|pages=204-205}}

Each ordinariate is headed by an Ordinary, a pastor responsible for the ordinariate, appointed by the Pope.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> He must be a bishop or priest and has ordinary jurisdiction, which he exercises on behalf of the Pope (vicariously) and which is limited to the respective members of the ordinariate.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> If necessary, he exercises his authority jointly with the diocesan bishop, whose territory his ordinariate extends over. He is a member of the respective episcopal conference and subject to its directives (Article 2 of the Supplementary Norms).<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/>

The Ordinary is assisted in the leadership role by a Governing Council, whose statutes are put into effect by the Ordinary with the consent of the Vatican.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> The Governing Council meets under the chairmanship of the Ordinary and consists of at least six priests.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> It exercises the competences of the priestly council and the diocesan consultors' college provided for in the canon law.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> This means that in the event of a ''sede vacante'', the Governing Council will either lead the ordinariate or elect an administrator to lead the ordinariate during the period of vacancy. It also participates in the appointment of a new Ordinary in that it sends the Apostolic See a list of three candidates (Article 4 § 1 of the Supplementary Norms).<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/>

==Access to the sacraments== {{Main|Sacraments of the Catholic Church}} {{Further|Catholic ecclesiology|Mass in the Catholic Church}}

All former Anglican deacons, priests, and bishops who are not subject to any canonical irregularity or other impediment may be admitted by the Ordinary as candidates for ordination in the Roman Catholic Church.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> Former Roman Catholic clerics who have converted to the Anglican Church are not allowed to perform clerical services in the ordinariates (Article 6 § 2 of the Supplementary Norms).<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> Unmarried candidates must take a vow of celibacy (Section VI § 1 AC); hence, the ordination of married men to the episcopacy is excluded.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/>

In the case of the ordination of former Anglican clergymen who are already married, the norms established in the encyclical ''Sacerdotalis caelibatus'', written by Pope Paul VI and issued on June 24, 1967, and the declaration of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith of April 1, 1981 apply.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/> If other married men are to receive ordination as Roman Catholic priests, the ordinary must submit a corresponding request to the Apostolic See (Article 6 § 1 of the Supplementary Norms).<ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/>

==Clergy== {{Main|Hierarchy of the Catholic Church}} {{Further|Jurisprudence of Catholic canon law}}

The Roman Catholic Church expressly excludes "those Christian communities born out of the Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century", since, according to the Roman Catholic doctrine, these communities do not enjoy apostolic succession in the sacrament of ordination, and therefore lack a constitutive element of the Church.<ref>{{cite web |author=Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith |date=August 13, 2013 |title=Responses to Some Questions regarding Certain Aspects of the Doctrine of the Church: Fifth Question |url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070629_responsa-quaestiones_en.html |url-status=live |website=www.vatican.va |location=Vatican City |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana on behalf of the Holy See |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813100622/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20070629_responsa-quaestiones_en.html |archive-date=August 13, 2013 |access-date=May 28, 2025}}</ref> This includes the Church of England and the broader Anglican Communion, the validity of whose orders the Roman Catholic Church has declared "absolutely null and utterly void".<ref name="Adams 2006"/> This judgement was officially enunciated in the papal bull ''Apostolicae curae'' of 1896 by Pope Leo XIII, which confirmed all Anglican ordinations to be invalid.<ref name="Adams 2006">{{cite book |author-last=Adams |author-first=Marilyn McCord |year=2006 |chapter=Mutual denunciations |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lIYY1hOjuZ4C&pg=PA308 |title=Christ and Horrors: The Coherence of Christology |location=Cambridge and New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |series=Current Issues in Theology |volume=4 |page=308 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511607585.011 |isbn=9780511607585}}</ref>

===Former Anglican bishops=== {{Main|Oxford Movement}} {{Further|List of Anglican bishops who converted to Roman Catholicism}}

Married men who served as former Anglican bishops can be appointed as Ordinaries of the personal ordinariates.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2">{{cite web |author1-last=Ladaria |author1-first=Luis F. |author1-link=Luis Ladaria Ferrer |author2-last=Morandi |author2-first=Giacomo |author2-link=Giacomo Morandi |date=March 19, 2019 |title=Complementary Norms for the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum coetibus |url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20190319_norme-anglicanorum-coetibus_en.html |url-status=live |website=www.vatican.va |location=Vatican City |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana on behalf of the Holy See |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411101213/http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20190319_norme-anglicanorum-coetibus_en.html |archive-date=April 11, 2019 |access-date=May 30, 2025}}</ref> In this case, he receives the priestly ordination and can exercise full jurisdiction through the ordinariate (Article 11 § 1 of the Supplementary Norms).<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> Former Anglican bishops who have joined a personal ordinariate can be appointed to assist the Ordinary in the administration of the ordinariate.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> They can also ask the Apostolic See for permission to use the episcopal insignia.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/>

===Competencies of the Ordinary===

With the consent of the Apostolic See, the Ordinary, like any diocesan bishop, can establish religious orders and societies of apostolic life.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> Institutes and communities that transfer from the Church of England and the broader Anglican Communion to a personal ordinariate of the Roman Catholic Church can be placed under his jurisdiction.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> Like every bishop of a diocese, the Ordinary has the duty to appear in Rome every five years for an ''ad limina'' visit to the Vatican.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/>

Former Anglican clergymen and laymen who have been ordained as Roman Catholic priests and are serving in the personal ordinariates have all the rights that an ordinary diocesan priest has.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> They is incardinated in the ordinariate and thus have a right to corresponding support, which the Ordinary must ensure (Article 7 § 1 of the Supplementary Norms).<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> Furthermore, after consulting the diocesan bishop, the Ordinary can establish personal parishes with the consent of the Apostolic See.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/>

The priests of the ordinariate can be elected to the diocese's council of priests, and priests and deacons can also be members of the diocesan pastoral council (Article 8 of the Supplementary Norms).<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> If pastoral care requires it, the clergy of the ordinariate should also assist in the pastoral care of the diocese.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> In this case, they are subject to the respective diocesan bishop.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/>

===Judiciary=== {{Main|Outline of Catholic canon law}}

According to the norms of ''Anglicanorum coetibus'', on January 15th, 2011, the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham for the United Kingdom, on January 1st, 2012, the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter for the United States, and on the 15th In June 2012, the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross for Australia were established.{{sfn|Waddell|2021|pages=23-24}} On March 19th, 2019, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued the latest supplementary norms for ''Anglicanorum coetibus''.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/>

The responsible court is the diocesan court in which the two parties to the dispute reside, unless the personal ordinariate has established its own court.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> In this case, the Ordinary is to designate a court of second instance; the designation is to be approved by the Apostolic See.<ref name="norme-anglicanorum2"/> The transfer of Anglican laypeople, clergymen, religious orders, and societies from the Church of England and the broader Anglican Communion to a personal ordinariate of the Roman Catholic Church must be documented by a written declaration (Section IX. AC).<ref name="anglicanorum-coetibus"/><ref name="norme-anglicanorum1"/>

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== * {{cite book |author-last=Brand |author-first=Clinton Allen |year=2018 |chapter=Very Members Incorporate: Reflections on the Sacral Language of Divine Worship |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T0NxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197 |editor-last=Lang |editor-first=Uwe Michael |title=The Fullness of Divine Worship: The Sacred Liturgy and its Renewal |location=Harrogate, North Yorkshire, Toronto, Ontario, and Washington, D.C. |publisher=Catholic University of America Press |pages=197–222 |doi=10.2307/j.ctv6q534m.11 |isbn=9780813231402}} * {{cite book |author-last=De Mey |author-first=Peter |year=2016 |chapter=De Oecumenismo Catholico et de Opere Conversionum: The Relationship between Ecumenism and the Apostolate of Conversions before and during Vatican II |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xOAzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA263 |editor1-last=Van Erp |editor1-first=Stephan |editor2-last=Schelkens |editor2-first=Karim |title=Conversion and Church: The Challenge of Ecclesial Renewal |location=Leiden and Boston |publisher=Brill Publishers |series=Brill's Studies in Catholic Theology |volume=2 |pages=263–287 |doi=10.1163/9789004319165_016 |isbn=978-90-04-31916-5 |lccn=2016015093}} * {{cite book |author-last=Waddell |author-first=Richard |year=2021 |chapter=The Anglican Patrimony in Anglicanorum Coetibus and the Complementary Norms |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jz8sEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |editor-last=Rowland |editor-first=Tracey |title=The Anglican Patrimony in Catholic Communion: The Gift of the Ordinariates |location=Dublin, London, and New York |publisher=T&T Clark |pages=23–44 |isbn=9780567700148 |lccn=2020054405}}

==Further reading== * {{cite journal |author-last=Doe |author-first=Norman |date=December 2010 |title=The Apostolic Constitution ''Anglicanorum Coetibus'': An Anglican Juridical Perspective |url=https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/17035/1/Apostolic_Constitution.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Ecclesiastical Law Journal |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Ecclesiastical Law Society |pages=304–323 |doi=10.1017/S0956618X10000426 |issn=1751-8539 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805025521/https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/17035/1/Apostolic_Constitution.pdf |archive-date=5 August 2024 |access-date=17 July 2025}}

Category:2009 in Vatican City Category:Apostolic constitutions Category:Catholic–Anglican ecumenism Category:Catholic canon law of religious Category:Documents of Pope Benedict XVI Category:Personal ordinariates Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism