{{Short description|Anatomical structure}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}} {{Infobox anatomy | Name = Angle of His | Latin = | Image = Illu stomach.jpg | Caption = The angle of His is formed between the esophagus (the tube arriving at the top of the image) and the cardia (position 6) | Width = 250 | Image2 = | Caption2 = | Precursor = | System = | Artery = | Vein = | Nerve = | Lymph = }} The '''angle of His''', also known as the '''esophagogastric angle''', is the acute angle created between the cardia at the entrance to the stomach, and the esophagus. It helps to prevent reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus. It is commonly undeveloped in infants, making acid reflux fairly common.
== Structure == The angle of His is the acute angle between the stomach and the esophagus.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fujiwara|first1=Yoshinori|last2=Nakagawa|first2=Kazuhiko|last3=Kusunoki|first3=Masato|last4=Tanaka|first4=Tsuneki|last5=Yamamura|first5=Takehira|last6=Utsunomiya|first6=Joji|date=1998-01-01|title=Gastroesophageal reflux after distal gastrectomy: possible significance of the angle of His|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002927097000026|journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology|language=en|volume=93|issue=1|pages=11–15|doi=10.1016/S0002-9270(97)00002-6|issn=0002-9270|url-access=subscription}}</ref> It is created by the collar sling fibres and the circular muscles around this gastroesophageal junction.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mastery of surgery, Volume 1 |author1=Josef Fischer |author2=K.I. Bland|page=719 }}</ref>
=== Variation === The angle of His is normally undeveloped in infants, with the esophagus making a vertical junction with the stomach.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Sircar, Sabyasachi.|title=Principles of medical physiology|date=2008|publisher=Thieme|isbn=978-1-58890-572-7|location=Stuttgart|pages=435|oclc=187294914}}</ref> As a result, reflux of stomach contents is common.<ref name=":0" />
== Function == The angle of His forms an anatomical sphincter. This prevents the reflux of stomach acid, digestive enzymes, and duodenal bile from entering the esophagus.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dick|first1=R. C. S.|last2=Hurst|first2=Arthur|title=Chronic Peptic Ulcer of the Oesophagus and ITS Association with Congenitally Short Oesophagus and Diaphragmatic Hernia |date=1942-04-01|url=https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/11/2/105/1550769|journal=QJM: An International Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=11|issue=2|pages=105–120|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a066387|issn=1460-2725|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> This is important in preventing gastroesophageal reflux disease and inflammation of the esophagus.<ref name=":1">[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/178393-overview Hiatal Hernia] eMedicine Retrieved 30 January 2010</ref>
== History == The angle of His is also known as the esophagogastric angle.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Berman|first1=J. K.|last2=Berman|first2=E. J.|last3=Lalonde|first3=A. H.|date=1961-03-01|title=Management of Esophageal Hiatus Hernia Syndrome and Associated Abnormalities with Balanced Operations|url=https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0096-0217(16)32561-4/abstract|journal=Diseases of the Chest|language=English|volume=39|issue=3|pages=233–248|doi=10.1378/chest.39.3.233|issn=0096-0217|url-access=subscription}}</ref> It was named after the Swiss anatomist Wilhelm His Jr. by the Scottish anatomist Daniel John Cunningham in 1906.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Principles of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment|editor-first=Frank A|editor-last=Granderath|editor2-first=Thomas|editor2-last=Kamolz|editor3-first=Rudolph|editor3-last=Pointner|isbn=978-3-211-32317-5|doi=10.1007/3-211-32317-1_14|chapter=The History of Surgery for Hiatal Hernia and Gastroesophageal Reflux |last=Turk |first=R. P. |date=2006 |pages=159–165 |publisher=Springer }}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
{{Digestive tract}}
Category:Digestive system