Angke River

{{Short description|River in Jakarta, Indonesia}} {{Infobox river | name = Angke River | native_name = {{native name list |tag1=id|name1=Sungai Angke |tag2=su|name2=Ci Angke |tag3=bew |name3=Kali Angke}} | native_name_lang = | name_other = Cikeumeuh | name_etymology =  | image = Map of rivers and canals in Jakarta 2012.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Angke River ("''K. Angke''"), upper left in the map of rivers and canals of Jakarta (2012) | map = | map_size = 285 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = 285 | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth  | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Indonesia | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Jakarta | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 =  |length_km=91.25 | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max =  | source1 = | source1_location = Bogor | source1_coordinates= | source1_elevation = | mouth = Cengkareng Drain, Java Sea | mouth_location = | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|-6.124396|106.774703|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|1|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = | tributaries_left = Maja River<ref>{{Cite news |author=Simanjuntak, T. P. Moan |title=Maja River in Pegadungan Strewn with Water Hyacinth and Mud |date=16 July 2014 |newspaper=Berita Resmi Pemprov |url=http://beritajakarta.com/en/read/2632/Maja_River_in_Pegadungan_Strewn_with_Water_Hyacinth_and_Mud |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318155453/http://beritajakarta.com/en/read/2632/Maja_River_in_Pegadungan_Strewn_with_Water_Hyacinth_and_Mud |archive-date=18 March 2015 |url-status=dead |access-date=3 December 2018 }}</ref> | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The '''Angke River''' ({{Langx|id|Sungai Angke}}; {{Langx|su|Ci Angke}}; {{Langx|bew|Kali Angke}}; {{zh|c=紅溪|p=Hóng xī|poj=Âng-khe}}) is a {{convert|91.25|km|mi|adj=on}} long river in Jakarta, Indonesia. The river flows from the Bogor area of West Java,<ref>[http://www.geonames.org/1987494/kali%20angke.html Kali Angke in West Java]</ref> passing through the cities of Tangerang (Banten) and Jakarta into the Java Sea<ref>[http://www.geonames.org/1651385/kali%20angke.html Mouth of Kali Angke to Java Sea - Geonames.org]</ref> via the Cengkareng Drain.<ref name=bbwsciliwung>BBWS Ciliwung Cisadane. ''Pengendalian Banjir dan Perbaikan Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane'' (PBPS CC). [https://konservasidasciliwung.wordpress.com/kebijakan-tentang-ciliwung/bbws-ciliwung-cisadane/ Archived in ''Konservasi DAS Ciliwung''] - April 2012.</ref> The river is connected with the Cisadane River by the Mookervaart Canal.

==Etymology== The river may be named after Prince Tubagus Angke, from the Banten Sultanate, who was the ruler of Jayakarta in the 16th century. Another theory is that the name refers to the 1740 Batavia massacre in which 10,000 ethnic Chinese residents of the city were massacred by the Dutch East India Company with many bodies dumped in the river. ''Ang'' means "red" in Hokkien, which could refer to the bloody event.<ref>{{in lang|id}} {{aut|Horde, G.}} dkk. 2012. [http://web.budaya-tionghoa.net/index.php/item/1814-sejarah-kawasan-angke-di-batavia "Sejarah Kawasan Angke Di Batavia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614151609/http://web.budaya-tionghoa.net/index.php/item/1814-sejarah-kawasan-angke-di-batavia |date=2019-06-14 }}. Article in ''Budaya Tionghoa'' dated 20 March 2012. Accessed 03 May 2017.</ref> right|thumb|300px|The river at Muara Angke (2007)

==Hydrology== The main river has a length of {{convert|91.25|km}}, with a watershed area (Indonesian: ''Daerah Pengaliran Sungai'') of 480 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=bbwsciliwung/> The average daily rainfall is 132 mm, with the peak debit at 290 m<sup>3</sup>.<ref name=bbwsciliwung/> The river never dries throughout the year, because it connects directly to a constant source at the districts of Menteng and Cilendek Timur in the city of Bogor, East Java. From there it flows through the territory of South Tangerang, Tangerang, Jakarta, and drains to the Java Sea in the village of Muara Angke (literally: "(river) mouth of Angke"), Penjaringan, West Jakarta. In rainy seasons, the river annually causes local floods, usually in the districts of Pinang, Cipondoh, Ciledug (all in Tangerang), Joglo, Kembangan, Rawa Buaya, Duri Kosambi and Cengkareng (all in West Jakarta).<ref>Poskota: {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170902012535/http://poskotanews.com/2015/01/23/kali-angke-meluap-ciledug-indah-kebanjiran/ ''Kali Angke Meluap, Ciledug Indah Kebanjiran'']}}. Berita Jumat, 23 Januari 2015 - 13:59 WIB</ref><ref>Tribun News: [http://www.tribunnews.com/metropolitan/2016/11/14/banjir-di-kota-tangerang-disebabkan-kali-angke-meluap ''Banjir di Kota Tangerang Disebabkan Kali Angke Meluap'']. Berita Senin, 14 November 2016 - 12:25 WIB</ref><ref>Okezone: [http://news.okezone.com/read/2017/03/23/338/1649748/waduh-rawa-buaya-dan-duri-kosambi-terendam-banjir ''Waduh! Rawa Buaya dan Duri Kosambi Terendam Banjir'']. Berita Kamis, 23 Maret 2017 - 09:39 WIB</ref>

==Geography== The river flows in the northwest area of Java with a predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as ''Af'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).<ref name = "koppen">{{Cite journal | title = Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html| year = 2007| journal = Hydrology and Earth System Sciences| volume = 11 | date =| doi = 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007| first1 =M C| first2 = B L| first3 = T A| last1 = Peel| last2 = Finlayson| last3 =McMahon| doi-access = free}}</ref> The annual average temperature in the area is 27 °C. The warmest month is March, when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is May, at 26 °C.<ref name = "nasa">{{Cite web|url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title= NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|date= 30 January 2016|publisher= NASA|access-date= 1 September 2017|archive-date= 10 May 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200510015442/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|url-status= dead}}</ref> The average annual rainfall is 3674 mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 456 mm of rainfall, and the driest is September, with 87 mm of rainfall.<ref name = "nasarain">{{Cite web|url = http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|title = NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)|date = 30 January 2016|publisher = NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission|access-date = 1 September 2017|archive-date = 19 April 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190419091014/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&year=2014|url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Historic place== thumb|250px|right|Map of Fort Anké thumb|250px|right|Map of the Anké entrenchment Fort Anké was built by the Dutch East India Company in 1657<ref name="ency-angkefort">{{cite web | url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/jakv1/encyclopedia/detail/726 | title=Angke, Fort | publisher=Jakarta City Administration | accessdate=July 6, 2011 | language=id | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107140157/http://www.jakarta.go.id/web/encyclopedia/detail/63/jakarta-balai-kota | archive-date=November 7, 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> at the intersection of the Mookervaart channel and Angke River.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jakarta.go.id/eng/encyclopedia/detail/3499 |title=Vijfhoek Redoute |author= |date=1995–2012 |website=Jakarta Encyclopedia |publisher=Department of Communication, Informatics and Public Relations of Jakarta Capital City |accessdate=August 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808050348/http://www.jakarta.go.id/eng/encyclopedia/detail/3499 |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Historical names for the fort include Anckee, Anke, and Ankee.<ref name=amh>{{cite web |url=http://www.atlasofmutualheritage.nl/en/location/?id=474&tab=main |title=Anckee |author= |date=2014 |website=Atlas of Mutual Heritage |publisher= AMH|accessdate=August 1, 2014}}</ref>

==References== {{reflist}}

Category:Landforms of Jakarta Category:Rivers of Jakarta Category:Angke basin