{{short description|Species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae}} {{Speciesbox |image=Ranuncolaceae - Anemone trifolia.JPG |image_caption= |genus=Anemonoides |species=trifolia |authority=([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) Holub |synonyms_ref={{r|powo}} |synonyms={{Species list |Anemonanthea trifolia |(L.) Nieuwl. |Anemone nemorosa subsp. trifolia |(L.) Ces. |Anemone trifolia |L. |Anemone trifolia subsp. brevidentata |Ubaldi & Puppi |Anemonoides trifolia subsp. brevidentata |(Ubaldi & Puppi) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano }} }}
'''''Anemonoides trifolia''''' (syn. ''Anemone trifolia''), the '''three-leaved anemone''', is a perennial herbaceous plant in the buttercup family ([[Ranunculaceae]]).{{r|powo}}
==Description== The plant has [[Plant stem|stems]] growing 10–30 cm tall and bear single, white (rarely pale pink or pale bluish) [[flower]]s two centimetres in diameter, with five to nine (most often six) elliptical [[tepals]]. The fruit is a cluster of 2 mm [[achene]]s. Its [[leaf|leaves]] are divided into three lanceolate leaflets and form a single whorl of three leaves per stem; the leaflets have a toothed but not lobed margin. The [[rhizome]], found directly below the surface is whitish, and tends to form dense [[Clonal colony|clonal colonies]].<ref name="Huxley"/><ref name="rhs">''The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 1: 172.</ref><ref>Biodiversity in Galicia: [http://www.biga.org/Plantae/Galeria/Familias/Ranunculaceae/Anemone/Anemone_trifolia_subsp_albida_uk.html ''Anemone trifolia'' subsp. ''albida''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725073207/http://www.biga.org/Plantae/Galeria/Familias/Ranunculaceae/Anemone/Anemone_trifolia_subsp_albida_uk.html |date=July 25, 2011 }}</ref> In subsp. ''albida'', the achenes are pendulous.<ref name="rhs"/> The flowering period extends from April through June.
{{Gallery |Ranuncolaceae - Anemone trifolia-3.JPG|Close-up of the flower |Ranuncolaceae - Anemone trifolia-2.JPG|Plants |Anemone trifolia ENBLA01.JPG|Leaves }}
The species differs from ''[[Anemonoides nemorosa]]'' in its white or pale blue [[anther]]s (unlike the yellow anthers of ''A. nemorosa'') and simple lanceolate leaflets lacking the deep lobing of ''A. nemorosa''.<ref name="Huxley"/>
==Distribution== ''Anemonoides trifolia'' is very similar to ''Anemonoides nemorosa'', but has a more restricted range in southern and central [[Europe]], from [[Portugal]] and [[Spain]] east to [[Hungary]], and locally north to [[Finland]], where one small population occurs.<ref name="Flora">Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Anemone&SPECIES_XREF=trifolia&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=''Anemone trifolia'']</ref>
==Habitat== It occurs in hardwood forests and rocky sites up to 1860 metres of altitude.<ref name="Huxley">Huxley, A. (1967). ''Mountain Flowers''. Blandford Press, London.</ref>
==Subspecies== The Portuguese and Spanish populations are distinguished as ''A. trifolia'' subsp. ''albida'', with the remaining populations being ''A. trifolia'' subsp. ''trifolia''.<ref name="Flora"/>
==References== <references>
<ref name=powo>{{cite web |title=''Anemonoides trifolia'' (L.) Holub |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:13542-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |accessdate=9 August 2020}}</ref>
</references>
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q55813582|from2=Q1057058|from3=Q110471850|from4=Q22112928|from5=Q93124964}}
[[Category:Anemonoides|trifolia]] [[Category:Flora of Europe]] [[Category:Plants described in 1753]] [[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] {{Ranunculaceae-stub}}