{{Short description|Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1157 to 1174}} {{Multiple issues| {{More citations needed|date=August 2022}} {{Expand Russian|topic=bio|date=August 2022}} }} {{Infobox saint |honorific_prefix= Saint |name= Andrew Yuryevich Bogolubsky |birth_date=1111 |death_date=28 June 1174 |feast_day=4 July (burial), 30 June, 23 June, 10 October, 25 May |venerated_in=Eastern Orthodox Church |image=Andrey Bogolyubsky - Vladimir Historical Museum.jpg |imagesize=200px |caption=Andrey Bogolyubsky. Facial reconstruction by Gerasimov. |birth_place=Rostov, Kievan Rus' |death_place=Bogolyubovo, Vladimir-Suzdal |titles= Right-Believing, Passion Bearer |beatified_date= |beatified_place= |beatified_by= |canonized_date=15 October 1702 (Translation) |canonized_place=Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir |canonized_by=Russian Orthodox Church |attributes=Clothed as a Russian Grand Prince, holding a three-bar cross in his right hand |patronage=Russian NBC Protection Troops |major_shrine=Dormition cathedral, Vladimir |suppressed_date= |issues= }}'''Andrey I Yuryevich Bogolyubsky''' ({{langx|ru|Андрей Ю́рьевич Боголюбский|lit=Andrey Yuryevich of Bogolyubovo}}; died 28 June 1174{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=112}}) was Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal from 1157{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=xv}} until his death. During repeated internecine wars between the princely clans, Andrey accompanied his father Yuri Dolgorukiy during a brief capture of Kiev in 1149. 20 years later, his son led the Sack of Kiev (1169).{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=xvi}}{{sfn|Plokhy|2006|p=42}} He was canonized as a saint in the Russian Orthodox Church in 1702.<ref>{{Cite web |title=АНДРЕЙ ЮРЬЕВИЧ БОГОЛЮБСКИЙ |url=https://www.pravenc.ru/text/115338.html#part_2 |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=www.pravenc.ru}}</ref>
== Biography == thumb|Image of Saint Andrew Yuryevich in a 17th century church|leftAccording to the ''Primary Chronicle'' (PVL), Andrey's parents married on 12 January 1108, as part of a peace agreement between the Rus' and the Cumans (Polovtsi).{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|1953|pp=204, 283}}{{sfn|Raffensperger|Ostrowski|2023|p=40}} Andrey's father was Yuri Vladimirovich ({{langx|ru|Юрий Владимирович}}), Prince of Rostov and Suzdal commonly known as Yuri Dolgoruki ({{langx|ru|Юрий Долгорукий}}), a son of Volodimer II Monomakh, progenitor of the Monomakhovichi.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=92}} Andrey's mother was an unnamed Cuman princess, a daughter of Aepa son of Osen'.{{sfn|Cross|Sherbowitz-Wetzor|1953|pp=204, 283}}{{sfn|Raffensperger|Ostrowski|2023|p=40}} From this marriage, Andrey Bogolyubsky was born{{sfn|Raffensperger|Ostrowski|2023|p=40}} in {{circa}} 1111.{{where|date = February 2022}}{{citation needed|date = February 2022}} Yuri proclaimed Andrey a prince in Vyshgorod (near Kiev).{{citation needed|date = February 2022}}
=== Seizing power (1155–1162) === Andrey left Vyshgorod in 1155 and moved to Vladimir,{{sfn|Pelenski|1988|p=763}} a little town on the river Klyazma founded in 1108.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=92}} In doing so, he removed the Icon of the Blessed Mother of God from Vyshgorod to Vladimir (thereafter known as the "Virgin of Vladimir"), an action condemned as theft by the ''Kievan Chronicle'', while the ''Suzdalian Chronicle'' made no judgement on it.{{sfn|Pelenski|1988|p=763}} In 1153 he was the Prince of Murom-Ryazan. After his father's death in 1157, Andrey ousted his younger brothers Mikhail "Mikhalko" Yurievich and Vsevolod "the Big Nest" from Rostov and Suzdal in 1162, thus uniting his father's patrimony in Vladimir-Suzdal under his sole rule (''samovlastets'').{{sfn|Raffensperger|Ostrowski|2023|p=82}} He expelled his four brothers to the Byzantine Empire together with their mother, Yuri's second wife.{{sfn|Raffensperger|Ostrowski|2023|p=82}}
Andrey established{{when?|date=February 2022}} for himself the right to receive tribute from the populations of the Northern Dvina lands.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}
=== Construction works === {{See also|White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal}} He commenced the construction of fortifications around the town of Vladimir in 1158{{sfn|Martin|1995|p=84}} (completed in 1164{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=xvi}}), as well as the Dormition Cathedral in Vladimir.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=92}}<ref name="Brumfield">{{cite book |first=William Craft |last=Brumfield |title=Landmarks of Russian Architecture |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |pages=1–2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5BEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |isbn=9781317973256}}</ref> In 1162 or 1164, Andrey sent an embassy to Constantinople, lobbying for a separate metropolitan see in Vladimir,<ref name="plokhy2021">{{cite book |last=Plokhy|first=Serhii |author-link=Serhii Plokhy |date=2021 |title=The Gates of Europe : A History of Ukraine |url= |location=New York |publisher=Basic Books |pages=45–46 |isbn=978-0-465-05091-8 }}</ref> but he was overruled by the patriarch of Constantinople.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=111}} Fortifications around Vladimir were completed in 1164.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=xvi}} The same year Andrey attacked the Volga Bolgars;{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=xvi}} he won a victory, but according to later traditions, a son was killed in battle, to whose memory he supposedly ordered the construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl in 1165.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=94}}<ref>{{cite book |first=Dmitriĭ Olegovich |last=Shvidkovskiĭ |title=Russian Architecture and the West |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LQy9TJ2yOQEC |page=36 |isbn=9780300109122}}</ref>
=== Sack of Kiev and brief overlordship (1169–1171) === {{Further|Sack of Kiev (1169)|Siege of Novgorod (1170)}} In March 1169 Andrey's troops sacked Kiev, devastating it as never before.{{sfn|Plokhy|2006|p=42}}<ref>{{cite book |first=Janet |last=Martin |title=Treasure of the Land of Darkness: The Fur Trade and Its Significance for Medieval Russia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |orig-year=1986 |isbn=9780521548113 |page=127}}</ref> Andrey did not take part in the attack; he stayed in Vladimir-Suzdal while his troops sacked the capital.{{sfn|Raffensperger|Ostrowski|2023|p=83}} After plundering the city,<ref>{{Citation| title =Russian Rulers: Andrey Yurievich Bogolyubsky| website =Russia the Great| url = http://russia.rin.ru/guides_e/4960.html| access-date =2007-08-07 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> stealing much religious artwork, many books and valuables and devastating houses and religious buildings alike,{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=124–125}} Andrew claimed the title of Grand Prince, although he kept his residence at Vladimir, and emphasized the Byzantine religious heritage of Vladimir to assert Vladimir's prestige and ecclesiastical independence from Kiev.<ref>{{cite book |last1=John Meyendorff |title=Byzantium and the Rise of Russia A Study of Byzantino-Russian Relations in the Fourteenth Century |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521135337 |pages=16, 20-21}}</ref> Andrey had his brother Gleb appointed as prince of Kiev, in an attempt to create a position of overlordship for himself.{{sfn|Pelenski|1988|pp=775–776}} This overlordship lasted for less than two years,{{sfn|Pelenski|1988|p=769}} ending with Gleb's death on 20 January 1171.{{sfn|Pelenski|1988|pp=775–776}}{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=127–128}}
Andrey's attempts to control other parts of Kievan Rus' were barely successful either; his Siege of Novgorod (1170) was a failure, and the Suzdalians were defeated.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=127}} Although he managed to later blackmail the Novgorodians by imposing a blockade on the trade hub, securing the princehood for his son Yury Bogolyubsky in 1171,{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=127–128}} the Novgorodians immediately expelled him upon Andrey's death in June 1174.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=128}}{{sfn|Raffensperger|Ostrowski|2023|p=85}}
=== 1171–1173 Kievan succession crisis === {{main|Siege of Vyshgorod}} Gleb's death in 1171 caused another Kievan succession crisis, and Andrey became embroiled in a two-year war to regain control over Kiev.{{sfn|Pelenski|1988|p=776}}{{sfn|Raffensperger|Ostrowski|2023|p=84}}{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=127–128}} When the Rostislavichi of Smolensk and Iziaslavichi of Volhynia jointly secured the throne of Kiev, Andrey assembled another coalition and marched on Vyshhorod in 1173, where the Yurievichi–Olgovichi forces of Suzdalia and Chernigov were utterly defeated.{{sfn|Pelenski|1988|p=776}}{{sfn|Raffensperger|Ostrowski|2023|p=84}}{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=127–128}}
=== Death === [[File:Отсечение руки Боголюбского.jpg|thumb|In this 15th-century ''Radziwiłł Chronicle'' miniature, Andrey Bogolyubsky's left arm is cut off by his assassins,<ref name="Runivers"/> although the texts claim his "right hand" was cut off.<ref name="Runivers"/>{{sfn|Marquez-Grant|Fibiger|2011|p=495}} A 1965 autopsy of Andrey's body confirmed the left arm showed many cut marks.{{sfn|Marquez-Grant|Fibiger|2011|p=495}}]] The defeat of Andrey's second coalition at Vyshgorod, the expansion of his princely authority, and his conflicts with the upper nobility, the boyars, gave rise to a conspiracy that resulted in Bogolyubsky's death on the night of 28–29 June 1174, when twenty of them burst into his chambers and slew him in his bed.{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=112, 127–128}}
According to the story of Andrey Bogolyubsky's death as recorded in the ''Kievan Chronicle'' of the ''Hypatian Codex'' (Ipatiev),{{sfn|Marquez-Grant|Fibiger|2011|p=495}} and the ''Radziwiłł Chronicle'',<ref name="Runivers">{{Cite web |title=Отсечение левой руки (!) и убийство Андрея Юрьевича Боголюбского заговорщиками-боярами при активном участии злокозненной жены князя. |author= |work=Runivers |date= |access-date=19 May 2023 |url= https://runivers.ru/gal/gallery-all.php?SECTION_ID=19638&ELEMENT_ID=586078}}</ref> his "right hand" was cut off{{sfn|Marquez-Grant|Fibiger|2011|p=495}}<ref name="Runivers"/> by an assailant called "Peter" (Петръ): * ''Kievan Chronicle'' ''sub anno'' 6683 (1175 [sic]): {{langx|cu|Петръ же ѿтѧ ему руку десную. кнѧзь же вьзрѣвъ. на н҃бо. и реч̑ Гс̑и в руцѣ твои предаю тобѣ дх҃ъ мои. и тако оуспе оубьенъ же быс̑ в суботу на нощь.{{sfn|Shakhmatov|1908|loc=[http://litopys.org.ua/ipatlet/ipat25.htm p. 589]}}|Petrŭ zhe ōtya emu ruku desnuju. knyazĭ zhe vĭzrěvŭ na nebo, i rech: Gospodi v rutsě tvoi predaju tobě dukhŭ moi. i tako ouspe oubĭenŭ zhe bys̑ v subotu na noshchĭ.|And Peter took from him his right hand. The prince looked upon heaven and said: 'Lord, into your hands I commit my spirit.' And so was he taken away on Saturday night.}} * ''Radziwiłł Chronicle'' ''sub anno'' 6683 (1175 [sic]): {{langx|cu|Петръ ему же от(ъ)тя руку десную. И убьенъ ж(е) быс(ть) в суб(оту) на ноч(ь). |Petrŭ emu zhe ot(ŭ)tya ruku desnuju. I ubĭenŭ zh(e) bys(tĭ) v sub(otu) na noch(ĭ).|And Peter took his right hand from him. And he was killed on Saturday night.}}{{sfn|Iroshnikov|Kukushkina|Lurie|1989|p=138}}
However, the ''Radziwiłł Chronicle''{{'}}s adjoining miniature depicts his assailants cutting off his left arm.<ref name="Runivers"/> Moreover, when {{ill|Dmitry Gerasimovich Rokhlin|ru|Рохлин, Дмитрий Герасимович}} examined the exhumed body of Andrey Bogolyubsky in 1965, he "found a lot of cut marks on the left humerus and forearm bones".{{sfn|Marquez-Grant|Fibiger|2011|p=495}} A 2009 special historical study by Russian historian A.V. Artcikhovsky (2009) would later confirm Rokhlin's observations.{{sfn|Marquez-Grant|Fibiger|2011|p=495}}
Andrey's death triggered the 1174–1177 Suzdalian war of succession.
==Descendants== Children: * A son, {{ill|Iziaslav Andreevich|ru|Изяслав Андреевич}}, reportedly buried in the Dormition Cathedral of Vladimir on 28 October 1164 (''Kievan Chronicle''){{sfn|Heinrich|1977|p=268}} or 1165 (''Suzdalian Chronicle''). According to later traditions, reported by Janet Martin (2007), Iziaslav's death was related to the successful 1164 Suzdalian campaign against Volga Bulgaria, and Andrey supposedly commissioned the construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl to commemorate this son in 1165.{{sfn|Martin|2007|pp=92–94}} However, this connection is not mentioned in any chronicle until the 16th century; the Nerl church could be as old as 1158; and the ''Suzdalian Chronicle'' reports that everyone in Andrey's druzhina, which included Iziaslav, was in good health after the battle (а свою дружину всю сдраву, "and his druzhina all healthy").{{cn|date=October 2024}} * A son, {{ill|Mstislav Andreevich|uk|Мстислав Андрійович|ru|Мстислав Андреевич}}; according to the ''Kievan Chronicle'', he died on 28 March 1172 (incorrectly listed under the year "6681", which corresponds to 1173).{{sfn|Makhnovets|1989|pp=303–307}} According to Janet Martin (2007), Mstislav's death was related to the ill-fated 1171–1172 Suzdalian winter campaign against Volga Bulgaria.{{sfn|Makhnovets|1989|pp=303–307}}{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=142}} The ''Kievan'' and ''Suzdalian Chronicle'' agree that it was Mstislav Andreevich (Andreevič, Andrejevič) who commanded the Suzdalian-led coalition that sacked Kiev in 1169, and then installed his uncle Gleb (Andrey's brother) as prince of Kiev.{{sfn|Pelenski|1987|pp=304–305}} * A son, Yury Bogolyubsky alias Iurii Andreevich,{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=128}} born {{circa}} 1160. Prince of Novgorod, 1171–1173.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=128}} Briefly the husband of Queen Tamar of Georgia until she divorced him (1185–1188).{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}
==Legacy== [[File:Князь Андрей Боголюбский.jpg|Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky, by Viktor Vasnetsov {{circa}} 1890|thumb]] * In the ''Suzdalian Chronicle'', columns 367–369 contain the Short eulogy to Andrey Bogolyubsky.{{sfn|Pelenski|1987|p=314}} * In the ''Kievan Chronicle'', columns 580–595 contain the Long eulogy to Andrey Bogolyubsky,{{sfn|Pelenski|1987|p=314}} also known as the ''Tale About the Slaying of Andrej Bogoljubskij'' (''Povĕst' ob ubienii Andreja [Bogoljubskogo]'').{{sfn|Pelenski|1988|p=779}} * The ancient icon, Theotokos of Bogolyubovo, was painted in the 12th century at the request of Andrey Bogolyubsky.<ref>{{cite web |title="Bogolyubov" Icon of the Mother of God |url=https://www.oca.org/saints/lives/2021/06/18/101751-bogolyubov-icon-of-the-mother-of-god |website=Orthodox Church in America |access-date=22 June 2021}}</ref> * Andrey had the castle, Bogolyubovo, built near Vladimir, and it would become his favorite residence{{sfn|Martin|1995|p=84}} * His victory over the Bulgars is remembered yearly during the Honey Feast of the Saviour.{{citation needed|date = February 2022}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
== Bibliography == === Primary sources === * ''Primary Chronicle'' (PVL; {{circa}} 1110s; oldest copy 1377). ** {{Cite book |last1=Cross |first1=Samuel Hazzard |last2=Sherbowitz-Wetzor |first2=Olgerd P. |date=1953 |orig-year=1930 |title=The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text. Translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross and Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor |url=https://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a011458.pdf |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=The Mediaeval Academy of America |pages=325}} * ''Kievan Chronicle'' ({{circa}} 1200; oldest copy {{circa}} 1425) ** (Church Slavonic critical edition) {{Cite book |editor-last=Shakhmatov |editor-first=Aleksey Aleksandrovich |date=1908 |title=Ipat'evskaya letopis' |trans-title=The Hypatian Codex |script-title=ru: Ипатьевская лѣтопись |series=Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL) |volume=2 |edition=3rd |url=http://litopys.org.ua/ipatlet/ipat.htm |location=Saint Petersburg |publisher=Typography of M. A. Aleksandrov / Izbornyk |pages=285–301 |access-date=18 July 2024 |language=cu}} ** (modern English translation) {{Cite thesis |last=Heinrich |first=Lisa Lynn |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/19e194adba30c8370f27104300e74150/ |title=The Kievan Chronicle: A Translation and Commentary |type=PhD diss. |institution=Vanderbilt University |year=1977 |pages=616 |place=Nashville, Tennessee}} {{ProQuest|7812419}} ** (modern Ukrainian translation) {{Cite book |last=Makhnovets |first=Leonid |authorlink=Leonid Makhnovets |title=Літопис Руський за Іпатським списком |trans-title=Rus' Chronicle according to the Hypatian Codex |url=http://litopys.org.ua/litop/lit19.htm |pages=591 |location=Kyiv |publisher=Dnipro |date=1989 |access-date=18 July 2024 |isbn=5-308-00052-2 |language=uk}} — A modern annotated Ukrainian translation of the ''Kievan Chronicle'' based on the Hypatian Codex with comments from the Khlebnikov Codex. * ''Radziwiłł Chronicle'' ({{circa}} 1490s) ** {{Cite book |last1=Iroshnikov |first1=M. P. |last2=Kukushkina |first2=M. V. |last3=Lurie |first3=Y. S. |others=M. D. Priselkov, O. P. Likhacheva, R. M. Mavrodina, E. K. Piotrovskaya |date=1989 |title=Том Тридцать Восьмой: Радзивиловская Летопись |trans-title=Volume Thirty-Eight: Radziwiłł Chronicle |series=Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (PSRL) |url=https://colovrat.at.ua/bibliotheca/psrl38.html |location=Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) |publisher=Nauka |pages=179}}
=== Literature === * {{cite book |first=Janet |last=Martin |title=Medieval Russia: 980-1584 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=9780521368322}} ** {{cite book |title=Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book |last=Martin |first=Janet |authorlink=Janet L. B. Martin |url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/book/802816/medieval-russia-980-1584/janet-martin/ |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-511-36800-4}} * {{Cite book |last1=Marquez-Grant |first1=Nicholas |last2=Fibiger |first2=Linda |date=2011 |title=The Routledge Handbook of Archaeological Human Remains and Legislation: An international guide to laws and practice in the excavation and treatment of archaeological human remains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=monDAgAAQBAJ |location=Abingdon |publisher=Routledge |pages=800 |isbn=9781136879555 |access-date=19 May 2023}} * Paszkiewicz. H. (1954). ''The Origin of Russia''. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ** Review: {{cite journal |last1=Vernadsky |first1=George |year=1955 |title=Reviewed work: The Origin of Russia, Henryk Paszkiewicz |journal=Speculum |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=293–301 |doi=10.2307/2848497 |jstor=2848497}} ** Review: {{cite journal |last1=Jakobson |first1=Roman |year=1955 |title=Reviewed work: The Origin of Russia, Henryk Paszkiewicz |journal=The American Historical Review |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=106–108 |doi=10.2307/1845345 |jstor=1845345}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Pelenski |first1=Jaroslaw |authorlink=Jaroslaw Pelenski |date=1987 |title=The Sack of Kiev of 1169: Its Significance for the Succession to Kievan Rus' |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41036277 |journal=Harvard Ukrainian Studies |publisher=Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=303–316 |jstor=41036277}} Reprinted in Pelenski, ''The Contest for the Legacy of Kievan Rus{{'}}''. * {{cite journal |title=The Contest for the "Kievan Succession" (1155–1175): The Religious-Ecclesiastical Dimension |first=Jaroslaw |last=Pelenski |authorlink=Jaroslaw Pelenski |journal=Harvard Ukrainian Studies |year=1988 |volume=12/13 |page=776 |jstor=41036344}} * {{Citation| last =Plokhy| first =Serhii| year =2006| title =The Origins of the Slavic Nations| page =42| url =http://shron.chtyvo.org.ua/Plokhii_Serhii/The_Origins_of_the_Slavic_Nations_Premodern_Identities_in_Russia_Ukraine_and_Belarus__en.pdf| publisher =Cambridge University Press| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170329135435/http://shron.chtyvo.org.ua/Plokhii_Serhii/The_Origins_of_the_Slavic_Nations_Premodern_Identities_in_Russia_Ukraine_and_Belarus__en.pdf| archive-date =2017-03-29| df =mdy-all |isbn=9780521864039}} * {{cite book |last=Raffensperger |first=Christian |last2=Ostrowski |first2=Donald |authorlink2=Donald Ostrowski |title=The Ruling Families of Rus: Clan, Family and Kingdom |publisher=Reaktion Books |location=London |date=2023 |pages=309 |isbn=978-1-78914-745-2}} (e-book)
==External links== * [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=101896 Burial of St Andrew the Prince] Orthodox icon and synaxarion {{s-start}} {{s-bef|before=Yury Dolgoruky}} {{s-ttl|title=Grand Prince of Vladimir|years=}} {{s-aft|after=Michael I}} {{s-end}} {{Russian sovereigns}} {{Subject bar |portal1=Saints |portal2= Biography |portal3= Christianity |portal4= Russia}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bogolyubsky, Andrey}} Category:1110s births Category:1174 deaths Category:12th-century murdered monarchs Category:Eastern Orthodox royal saints Category:Grand princes of Vladimir Category:Eastern Orthodox saints from Kievan Rus' Category:Murdered royalty of Kievan Rus' Category:Burials at Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir Category:People of Cuman descent