Andrea Carlo Ferrari

{{short description|Italian Catholic cardinal (1850–1921)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}} {{Infobox Christian leader | type = Cardinal | honorific_prefix = His Eminence Blessed | name = Andrea Carlo Ferrari | title = Cardinal, Archbishop of Milan | image = Andrea Carlo Ferrari - Photo.jpg | church=Catholic Church | see = Milan | archdiocese = Milan | appointed = 21 May 1894 | enthroned = | ended = 2 February 1921 | other_post = Cardinal-Priest of Santa Anastasia (1894–1921) | predecessor = Luigi Nazari di Calabiana | successor = Achille Ratti | ordination = 20 December 1873 | ordained_by = Domenico Maria Villa | consecration = 29 June 1890 | consecrated_by = Lucido Maria Parocchi | cardinal = 18 May 1894 | created_cardinal_by = Pope Leo XIII | rank = Cardinal-Priest  | birth_name = Andrea Ferrari | birth_date = {{birth date|1850|08|13|df=yes}} | birth_place = Lalatta (Palanzano), Province of Parma, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia | death_date = {{Dda|1921|02|02|1850|08|13|df=yes}} | death_place = Milan, Lombardy, Kingdom of Italy | motto = ''Tu fortitudo mea'' ("You are my strength") | buried = Cathedral of Milan | coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Andrea Carlo Ferrari.svg | previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Bishop of Guastalla (1890–1891)|Bishop of Como (1891–1894)}} | parents = Giuseppe Ferrari & Maddalena Longarini | signature = FirmaCardFerrari.jpg  | feast_day = {{unbulleted list|1 February (Ambrosian Rite)|2 February (Roman Rite)}} | venerated = Catholic Church | beatified_date = 10 May 1987 | beatified_place = Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City | beatified_by = Pope John Paul II | canonized_date = | canonized_by = | attributes = {{unbulleted list|Pastoral staff|Cardinal's attire|Crucifix}} | patronage = {{unbulleted list|Archdiocese of Milan}} }}

{{Ordination | ordained deacon by = | date of diaconal ordination = 15 December 1872 | place of diaconal ordination = | ordained priest by = | date of priestly ordination = 20 December 1873 | place of priestly ordination = Domenico Maria Villa | consecrated by = Lucido Maria Parocchi | co-consecrators = Vincenzo Leone Sallua & Giovanni Maria Majoli | date of consecration = 29 June 1890 | place of consecration = Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Villa Lante, Rome, Kingdom of Italy | elevated by = Pope Leo XIII | date of elevation = 18 May 1894 | sources = | bishop 1 = Emilio Maria Miniati | consecration date 1 = 24 May 1894 | bishop 2 = Angelo Maria Meraviglia Mantegazza | consecration date 2 = 24 May 1894 | bishop 3 = Carlo Francesco Origo | consecration date 3 = 21 April 1895 | bishop 4 = Giuseppe Salvatore Scatti | consecration date 4 = 27 February 1898 | bishop 5 = Pasquale Morganti, O.Ss.C.A. | consecration date 5 = 22 June 1902 | bishop 6 = Federico Domenico Sala | consecration date 6 = 15 February 1903 | bishop 7 = Carlo Castelli, Obl.S.C. | consecration date 7 = 7 December 1904 | bishop 8 = Giovanni Mauri | consecration date 8 = 7 December 1904 | bishop 9 = Luigi Bignami | consecration date 9 = 14 January 1906 | bishop 10 = Ernesto Maria Piovella, Obl. Rho. | consecration date 10 = 12 May 1907 | bishop 11 = Leonida Mapelli | consecration date 11 = 6 January 1908 | bishop 12 = Luigi Maria Marelli | consecration date 12 = 6 January 1908 | bishop 13 = Dionisio Vismara, P.I.M.E. | consecration date 13 = 29 June 1909 | bishop 14 = Giovanni Rosi | consecration date 14 = 29 June 1911 | bishop 15 = Camillo Francesco Carrara, O.F.M. Cap. | consecration date 15 = 26 February 1911 | bishop 16 = Eugenio Tosi, O.Ss.C.A. | consecration date 16 = 16 April 1911 | bishop 17 = Cleto Cassani | consecration date 17 = 17 April 1911 | bishop 18 = Giovanni Gamberoni | consecration date 18 = 25 May 1911 | bishop 19 = Pompeo Ghezzi | consecration date 19 = 14 January 1912 | bishop 20 = Carlo Pensa, O.Ss.C.A. | consecration date 20 = 8 September 1912 | bishop 21 = Emilio Poletti | consecration date 21 = 29 September 1912 | bishop 22 = Ludovico Antomelli, O.F.M. | consecration date 22 = 15 June 1913 | bishop 23 = Pietro Calchi Novati | consecration date 23 = 7 February 1915 | bishop 24 = Simone Pietro Grassi | consecration date 24 = 25 April 1915 | bishop 25 = Carlo Dalmazio Minoretti | consecration date 25 = 16 January 1916 }}

'''Andrea Ferrari''' (13 August 1850 – 2 February 1921) – later adopting the middle name "'''Carlo'''" – was an Italian Catholic prelate who served as a cardinal and as the Archbishop of Milan from 1894 until his death.<ref name=SEB>{{cite web|url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/39400|title=Beato Andrea Carlo Ferrari|publisher=Santi e Beati|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|date=1 February 2017|access-date=24 October 2017|title=Blessed Andrea Carlo Ferrari|publisher=Saints SQPN|url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-andrea-carlo-ferrari/}}</ref> Ferrari was a well-regarded pastor and theologian who led two dioceses before being appointed to the prestigious Milanese archdiocese which he led until his death. But he was later accused of Modernism, which led to a strained relationship with Pope Pius X, who finally reconciled with Ferrari in 1912.<ref name=CH>{{cite web|url=https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios1894.htm#Ferrari|publisher=Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|author=Salvador Miranda|title=Consistory of May 18, 1894|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=EC>{{cite web|access-date=24 October 2017|date=2003|publisher=New Catholic Encyclopedia|title=Ferrari, Andrea Carlo, Bl.|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ferrari-andrea-carlo-bl}}</ref><ref name=3G>{{cite web|url=http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_1204_l3.htm|title=The time the emperor's veto helped the election of a saintly pope|author=Andrea Tornielli|date=2003|access-date=24 October 2017}}</ref>

The cause for his canonization opened after his death in 1963, and he was titled as a Servant of God. He was named Venerable in 1975, and Pope John Paul II beatified him in 1987.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/>

==Life== ===Education and priesthood=== thumb|210px|left|Cardinal Ferrari's remains housed in the Cathedral of Milan '''Andrea Ferrari''' was born on 13 August 1850 in Lalatta (now Palanzano) in the Parma province as the eldest of four children to the shoemaker Giuseppe Ferrari and Maddalena Longarini; his baptism was celebrated on 14 August.<ref name=SQPN/> His two paternal uncles, Abbondio and Pietro, were priests serving in Parma.<ref name=CH/> He received his First Communion in 1860 from Father Giovanni Agostini and received his Confirmation in 1866.

He felt called to serve as a priest and was educated in Parma, where he was to obtain a doctorate in theological studies in 1883.<ref name=EC/> Ferrari received the first two minor orders on 18 September 1869 and the other two on 23 September 1871.<ref name=CH/> He received the subdiaconate on 21 September 1872 and the diaconate on 15 December 1872. He was ordained to the priesthood on 20 December 1873 for the Diocese of Parma, where he served from 1874 until 1890. He also served as the archpriest of Fornovo di Taro from 1874 until 1875, when he was made the vicar curate for the San Leonardo church.<ref name=CH/><ref name=SQPN/>

Ferrari served as the Vice-Rector for seminarians in Parma and served also as a professor of mathematics and natural sciences in 1875, and later became its rector in 1877. He also served as a professor of theological fundamentals and ecclesial historical sciences, as well as educating them in moral theological subjects in 1878. It was later that he published the "''Summula theologiae dogmaticae generalis''" in 1885, which proved to be a respected work in the field at that time, and it was reprinted several times.<ref name=EC/>

===Episcopate=== In mid-1890, he was appointed as the Bishop of Guastalla, and he received his episcopal consecration as a bishop on 29 June 1890 from Cardinal Lucido Parocchi in the church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Villa Lante. The co-consecrators were Vincenzo Leone Sallua and Giovanni Maria Majoli.<ref name=EC/> He took possession of his new diocese on 3 October 1890 and was later transferred to the Diocese of Como in mid-1891 after a brief tenure in Guastalla. In Como, he was noted for his dedication to the people and made several pastoral visits to see all his parishes. In 1894 the newspaper ''Corriere della Sera'' noted his "meticulous visits" as proper diocesan management and attentiveness while noting that "he talks well with a good voice".<ref name=SQPN/> In 1893 he supported the appointment of Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto – future Pope Pius X – as Patriarch of Venice and was successful in securing the appointment.<ref name=SEB/>

===Cardinalate=== Ferrari was elevated to the cardinalate in 1894 and Pope Leo XIII named him as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Anastasia (the title and red hat were conferred a week after the elevation).<ref name=CH/> It was just a week after his elevation that he was transferred to the Archdiocese of Milan and was granted the pallium prior to his departure; he also took '''Carlo''' as a middle name in honour of Charles Borromeo who was a predecessor during the Counter-Reformation period. His private assistant while in Milan was Father Giovanni Rossi.<ref name=SQPN/> Ferrari was a strong supporter and promoter of ''Rerum Novarum'' and espoused the core themes of social justice that the pope highlighted in that document. He also enlisted the aid of Giuseppe Toniolo to promote it and make it a theme of his professorship.<ref name=SEB/>

His main mission in Milan was to preserve the faith of the people through catechesis, and he made four pastoral visits as archbishop. He pushed for the publication of the ''Catechism of Pius X'' in Milan as a step towards this aim. He also visited all parishes in his archdiocese and was attentive to the social circumstances of each parish. In addition, Ferrari held several episcopal conferences to discuss matters of ecclesial life. In 1895, he held the Archdiocesan Eucharistic Congress from 1–5 September 1895.<ref name=SEB/>

Ferrari participated in the papal conclave in 1903 that elected Pope Pius X, and had been considered to be "papabile" for his pastoral qualities.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=SEB/> Ferrari petitioned the cardinals to support a pastoral candidate to become pope and began casting his votes for his old colleague Sarto. He tried to persuade Sarto to accept the election if chosen, though the latter insisted that he should not be voted for and that he would not accept. But Ferrari insisted that the refusal could become harmful for the Church and painful for Sarto for the remainder of his life. But Francesco Satolli convinced Sarto of the ramifications of his refusal, which prompted Sarto's acceptance of the pontificate.<ref name=3G/> Ferrari returned to Milan on 10 August and that month travelled to Cologne to meet with its archbishop Cardinal Anton Hubert Fischer.

In 1908 he was in London at Westminster for the nineteenth Eucharistic Congress held from 9–13 September.<ref name=EC/> In 1910 he organized festivities for the third centennial of the canonization of Charles Borromeo.<ref name=SQPN/> In 1918 he founded the Women's Youth for Azione Cattolica and entrusted its direction to Armida Barelli. During World War I he formed a group that was dedicated to caring for soldiers and prisoners and was awarded in 1919 with the Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurizio and Lazzaro for his efforts.<ref name=EC/>

Ferrari was accused of "Modernism" in 1907, which was an accusation that Pope Pius X had accepted. He was no Modernist and denounced them in a pastoral letter he issued in 1908. Despite this, the accusations put him in a negative position with Rome, and he decided to keep quiet so as not to attract the ire of Pius X. He had been accused of excessive liberalism and defended his archdiocese against misunderstandings that Rome held. However, this prompted a 1911 canonical investigation.<ref name=SEB/> In 1912, the pope realized the mistake he had made and received the cardinal after this matter was resolved for a reconciliation. In 1912, he promoted the establishment of the newspaper ''L'Italia'', which replaced ''L'Unione''.<ref name=CH/> He also partook in the conclave in 1914 that elected Pope Benedict XV. Ferrari was on good terms with Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli – the future Pope John XXIII. The two knew the other well, and Roncalli was the one who celebrated his funeral. He was also close with Achille Ratti, who was his successor in Milan and the future Pope Pius XI. Ferrari ordained as priests the future cardinals Camillo Caccia Dominioni (1899) and Carlo Confalonieri (1916) in addition to Bishop Giorgio Giovanni Elli (1903) and Archbishop Mario Giardini (1904).

===Death=== Ferrari died in 1921 at 5:55{{nbsp}}pm after he finished the recitation of one of the rosaries he himself started due to throat cancer, and was buried in the archdiocesan cathedral under the Sacred Heart altar.<ref name=SEB/> The first sign of his ailment around 1918 was simple hoarseness, later diagnosed as throat cancer. His old friend Roncalli referred to him later as an "authentic saint".<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=EC/> In Legnano, a church was constructed from 1987 to 1989 and dedicated to him. Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini consecrated the church in 1991.

==Beatification== [[File:Roma (Q. Ostiense) - S. Benedetto 11.JPG|thumb|Plaque in honour of Ferrari, San Benedetto fuori Porta San Paolo, Rome]] The Milanese came to revere Ferrari for his strong holiness, and his old friend Pope John XXIII opened his cause for canonization on 10 February 1963. This came after his Milanese successor Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster opened the informative phase of investigation for his beatification in 1951. Pope Paul VI (another Milanese successor) proclaimed him to be Venerable on 1 February 1975 in recognition of his life of heroic virtue. Pope John Paul II beatified Ferrari on 10 May 1987 in Saint Peter's Square.

The current postulator for this cause is the Franciscan priest Giovangiuseppe Califano.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1921.htm Hagiography Circle] * [http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=7033 Catholic Online] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bfer.html Catholic Hierarchy]

{{s-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{s-bef|before=Prospero Curti}} {{s-ttl|title=Bishop of Guastalla|years=23 June 1890-1 June 1891}} {{s-aft|after=Pietro Respighi}} {{s-bef|before=Luigi Nicora}} {{s-ttl|title=Bishop of Como|years=1 June 1891-21 May 1894}} {{s-aft|after=Teodoro Valfrè di Bonzo}} {{s-bef|before=Luigi Nazari di Calabiana}} {{s-ttl|title=Archbishop of Milan|years=21 May 1894–2 February 1921}} {{s-aft|after=Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti}} {{s-bef|before=Carlo Laurenzi}} {{s-ttl|title=Cardinal Priest of Sant'Anastasia|years=21 May 1894–2 February 1921}} {{s-aft|after=Michael von Faulhaber}} {{s-end}} {{Cardinals created by Leo XIII}} {{Bishops and Archbishops of Milan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ferrari, Andrea Carlo}} Category:1850 births Category:1921 deaths Category:20th-century Italian cardinals Category:19th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops Category:19th-century venerated Christians Category:20th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops Category:20th-century venerated Christians Category:Archbishops of Milan Category:Beatifications by Pope John Paul II Category:Bishops of Como Category:Burials at Milan Cathedral Category:Deaths from cancer in Lombardy Category:Deaths from laryngeal cancer Category:Italian beatified people Category:Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII Category:19th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus Category:Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre Category:Clergy from the Province of Parma Category:20th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society