André Thouin

{{Short description|French botanist}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} thumb|upright|André Thouin '''André Thouin''' (10 February 1747 – 24 October 1824) was a French botanist.

Thouin studied botany under Bernard de Jussieu, and in 1793 attained the chair of horticulture at the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris. He was a good friend of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, and the godfather of Jean Baptiste Lamarck's son Andre.

He is remembered for contributions made in the field of agronomy, including scientific studies that involved improved grafting techniques and seed selection. He played an important role in the reshaping of Natural History in France during the revolution.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Heintzman|first1=Kit|title=A cabinet of the ordinary: domesticating veterinary education, 1766–1799|journal=The British Journal for the History of Science|date=2018|doi=10.1017/S0007087418000274|pmid=29665887|volume=51|issue=2|pages=239–260|s2cid=4947361 }}</ref> He was sent by Napoleon to confiscate natural history specimens from museums and collections in the countries that Napoleon had conquered.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Saltzman |first1=Cynthia |title=Napoleon's Plunder |date=2021 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |location=London |page=81}}</ref> He was a pioneer conservationist, stressing the importance of replacing woodlands to compensate for their destruction due to human encroachment.

The plant genre, ''Thouinia'' (family Sapindaceae, 1804) from Central and South America,<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33212339#page/308/mode/1up BHL] Taxonomic literature : a selective guide to botanical publications</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=''Thinouia'' Planch. & Triana {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:36600-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=16 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and ''Thouinidium'' (family Sapindaceae, 1878) from Mexico and Central America,<ref>{{cite web |title=''Thouinidium'' Radlk. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:36602-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=17 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> are both named after him.<ref>{{cite book | last=Burkhardt | first=Lotte | title=Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition |trans-title=Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin | year=2018 | isbn=978-3-946292-26-5 | url=https://doi.org/10.3372/epolist2018 |format=pdf |language=German |location=Berlin | doi=10.3372/epolist2018 | s2cid=187926901 |access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref>

As a taxonomist, he described at least 15 new species.<ref>[http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=&find_genus=&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=thouin&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch IPNI] Plant names published by Thouin</ref> Most have been degraded to synonyms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/results?q=Thouin |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=26 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

Thouin supervised Elisabeth Julienne Pommereul in her work at the ''Jardin du Roi.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benharrech |first=Sarah |date=June 2018 |title=Botanical Palimpsests, or Erasure of Women in Science: The Case Study of Mme Dugage de Pommereul (1733–1782) |url=https://hcommons.org/deposits/download/hc:42360/CONTENT/23_1_89_benharrech.pdf/ |journal=Harvard Papers in Botany |language=en |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=89–108 |doi=10.3100/hpib.v23iss1.2018.n11 |s2cid=165916314 |issn=1043-4534|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Selected publications == * ''Description de l'École d'agriculture pratique du Muséum d'histoire naturelle'', (1814). * ''Manuel d'arboriculture. Manuel illustré de la culture, de la taille et de la greffe des arbres fruitiers''. * ''Monographie des greffes, ou Description technique des diverses sortes de greffes employées pour la multiplication des végétaux'', (1821). * ''Traite des arbres forestiers :ou histoire et description des arbres indigenes ou naturalises... /par M. Jaume Saint-Hilaire. Ouvrage precede d'une instruction sur la culture des arbres'', (1824). * ''Cours de culture et de naturalisation des végétaux'', (1827).

== References == {{reflist}}

== External links == * {{BHL author}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thouin, Andre}} Category:1746 births Category:1824 deaths Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery Category:Botanists with author abbreviations Category:19th-century French botanists Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences Category:Scientists from Paris Category:18th-century French botanists