Andira

{{Short description|Genus of legumes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Andira humilis.jpg | image_caption = ''Andira humilis'' | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Andira | authority = Lam., nom. cons.<ref name="Lam. not Juss.">{{cite journal | author = Pennington RT. | year = 2002 | title = (1533) Proposal to change the authorship of ''Andira'', nom. cons. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) and to conserve it with a conserved type | journal = Taxon | volume = 51 | issue = 2 | pages = 385–386 | doi=10.2307/1554939| jstor = 1554939 }}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. | synonyms = * ''Andira'' Juss., nom. rej. * ''Lumbricidia'' Vell. * ''Poltolobium'' C.Presl * ''Skolemora'' Arruda * ''Spigelia'' P.Browne, nom. illeg. | synonyms_ref = <ref name="POWO_21657-1">{{cite web |title=''Andira'' Lam. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:21657-1 |access-date=2023-04-23 }}</ref> }}

'''''Andira''''' is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is distributed in the tropical Americas, except for ''A. inermis'', which also occurs in Africa.<ref name="pen">{{cite journal | author = Pennington RT. | year = 2003 | title = A monograph of ''Andira'' (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) | url = http://herbarium.lsa.umich.edu/SBMweb/sbmcat.html#v64 | journal = Syst Bot Monogr | volume = 64 | pages = 1–145 | doi = 10.2307/25027903 | jstor = 25027903 | access-date = 2014-02-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140222211322/http://herbarium.lsa.umich.edu/SBMweb/sbmcat.html#v64 | archive-date = 2014-02-22 | url-status = dead | url-access = subscription }}</ref> It was formerly assigned to the tribe Dalbergieae, but molecular phylogenetic studies in 2012 and 2013 placed it in a unique clade within subfamily Faboideae named the ''Andira'' clade.<ref name="Cardoso1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, ((Van Wykd B-E)), Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M | year = 2013 | title = Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes | journal = S Afr J Bot | volume = 89 | pages = 58–75 | doi = 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Cardoso2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cardoso D, de Queiroz LP, Pennington RT, de Lima HC, Fonty É, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M | year = 2012 | title = Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages | journal = Am J Bot | volume = 99 | issue = 12 | pages = 1991–2013 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.1200380 | pmid = 23221500 }}</ref>

Compared to other Faboideae the genus has unusual systems of root nodules<ref name=pen/> and fruits, which are drupes. In most species the fruits are dispersed by bats, and in some they are dispersed by rodents. They may also be dispersed on water.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pennington RT, Gemeinholzer B | year = 2000 | title = Cryptic clades, fruit wall morphology and biology of ''Andira'' (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) | journal = Bot J Linn Soc | volume = 134 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 267–86 | doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2000.tb02354.x | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Plants of the genus are used in traditional medicine in Brazil to treat fever and as purgatives and vermifuges. The treatments are toxic in high doses, however. Chemical compounds isolated from the genus include isoflavones, flavanols, glycosides, pterocarpans, chromone, and ursolic acid.<ref name=da>{{cite journal|vauthors=da Silva VC, de Carvalho MG, da Cunha e Silva SL |year=2007 |title=Chemical constituents from roots of ''Andira anthelmia'' (Leguminosae) |url=http://www.relaquim.com/archive/2007/2007.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523024534/http://www.relaquim.com/archive/2007/2007.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-05-23 |journal=Rev Latinoamer Quím |volume=35 |issue=1–2 |pages=13–19 }}</ref>

==Species== {{As of|2023|April}}, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:<ref name=POWO_21657-1/> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *''Andira anthelmia'' (Vell.) J.F.Macbr. *''Andira carvalhoi'' R.T.Penn. & H.C.Lima *''Andira chigorodensis'' R.T.Penn. *''Andira cordata'' Arroyo ex R.T.Penn. & H.C.Lima *''Andira coriacea'' Pulle *''Andira cubensis'' Benth. *''Andira cujabensis'' Benth. *''Andira fraxinifolia'' Benth. *''Andira galeottiana'' Standl. *''Andira grandistipula'' Amshoff *''Andira humilis'' Mart. ex Benth. *''Andira inermis'' (W.Wright) Kunth ex DC. *''Andira jaliscensis'' R.T.Penn. *''Andira legalis'' (Vell.) Toledo *''Andira macrocarpa'' R.T.Penn. *''Andira macrothyrsa'' Ducke *''Andira marauensis'' Mattos *''Andira micrantha'' Ducke *''Andira multistipula'' Ducke *''Andira nitida'' Mart. ex Benth. *''Andira ormosioides'' Benth. *''Andira parviflora'' Ducke *''Andira praecox'' Arroyo ex R.T.Penn. *''Andira spectabilis'' Saldanha *''Andira surinamensis'' (Bondt) Splitg. ex Pulle *''Andira taurotesticulata'' R.T.Penn. *''Andira tervequinata'' R.T.Penn., Aymard & Cuello *''Andira trifoliolata'' Ducke *''Andira unifoliolata'' Ducke *''Andira vermifuga'' (Mart.) Benth. {{Div col end}} <gallery mode=packed heights=170px> File:Andira fraxinifolia.jpg|''Andira fraxinifolia'' File:Flickr - João de Deus Medeiros - Andira vermifuga.jpg|''Andira vermifuga'' </gallery>

==References== {{Commons category|Andira}} {{Wikispecies}} {{Reflist|2}}

Category:Faboideae Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Category:Fabaceae genera