{{Short description|Spanish-era monument in Manila}} {{Use Philippine English|date=March 2023}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2021}} {{Infobox monument | name = Anda Monument | image = Anda Circle (Port Area, Manila; 02-07-2021) (cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = Anda Monument in 2021 | location = Intramuros and Port Area, Manila, Philippines | mapframe = | designer = | type = Obelisk | material = | length = | width = | height = | weight = | visitors_num = | visitors_year = | begin = | complete = 1871 | dedicated = | open = | restore = 1940s or 1950s, 2020 | dismantled = | dedicated_to = Simón de Anda y Salazar, Spanish leader which resisted the British occupation of Manila | map_name = | map_text = | map_width = | map_relief = | coordinates = {{coord|14.5909|N|120.9708|E|type:landmark_region:PH-00_source:OpenStreetMap|display=inline,title}} | website = | extra_label = | extra = }} The '''Anda Monument''', often erroneously referred to as the '''Anda Circle''' after the roundabout where it is currently located, is an obelisk monument situated on the boundary of Intramuros and Port Area in central Manila, Philippines. It was erected in honor of Simón de Anda y Salazar, Governor-General of the Philippines from 1770 to 1776. The Anda Circle, the roundabout, is an interchange system at the junction of Bonifacio Drive, Mel Lopez Boulevard, Andres Soriano Avenue (formerly ''Calle Aduana''), and Roberto Oca Street.<ref name="official gazette">{{Cite speech |last=Garcia |first=Carlos P. |author-link=Carlos P. Garcia |location=Manila |date=June 8, 1957 |access-date=May 4, 2014 |title=Speech of President Garcia at Turn Over Rites of Simon de Anda Monument at the Port Area, Sunday Morning, June 8, Under Auspices of the Manila Lions |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1957/06/08/speech-of-president-garcia-at-turn-over-rites-of-simon-de-anda-monument-at-the-port-area-sunday-morning-june-8-under-auspices-of-the-manila-lions/ |via=Official Gazette |archive-date=December 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219160437/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1957/06/08/speech-of-president-garcia-at-turn-over-rites-of-simon-de-anda-monument-at-the-port-area-sunday-morning-june-8-under-auspices-of-the-manila-lions/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==History== The Anda Monument, located in Manila, was erected through the collective efforts and funding of the Filipino people to honor the memory of Don Simón de Anda y Salazar, who served as Governor-General of the Philippines from 1770 to 1776.<ref>{{cite news |title=︎ Gaceta de Manila |date=January 13, 1870 |url=https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=6c1a503e-b24d-43be-a6eb-7ad3e7fead2b&page=2}}</ref>
Simón de Anda is remembered for his leadership during the British occupation of Manila (1762–1764), when he organized a government-in-exile in Bacolor, Pampanga and led the Spanish-Filipino resistance against the British. His efforts symbolized Filipino loyalty to Spanish sovereignty at the time, but later came to represent resistance to foreign occupation in broader nationalist memory.
The monument not only commemorates a Spanish official, but also reflects the early stirrings of Filipino civic pride, as it was one of the first public monuments in the Philippines funded by popular subscription. {{multiple image |width = 80 |align = center |image1=NewsGDM1870Jan13a.jpg |image2=NewsGDM1870Jan13b.jpg |image3=NewsGDM1870Jan13c.jpg |footer= Gaceta de Manila (January 13, 1870) Contributions from Batangas, Infanta and Polillo }}
The original monument was erected in 1871<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anda Memorial, 1876 |url=http://li628-210.members.linode.com/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=23607 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002313/http://li628-210.members.linode.com/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=23607 |archive-date=September 11, 2014 |website=Filipinas Heritage Library Catalog}}</ref> near the mouth of the Pasig River under the order of Governor-General Carlos María de la Torre as a form of public gratitude to Simón de Anda for his initiative in the resistance against the British occupation of Manila, which began in 1762.<ref name="official gazette" /> It was heavily damaged during World War II when the Japanese occupied Manila. [[File:Anda Monument c.1899.png|thumbnail|left|The Anda Monument (left), at its original position near the mouth of the Pasig River, c. 1899]] After the war, the monument was moved to its present location at the roundabout, which was transformed into a monument circle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alcazaren |first=Paulo |date=July 14, 2001 |title=Rotundas: Circles of Urban Life |url=http://www.philstar.com/modern-living/86131/rotundas-circles-urban-life/ |website=Philstar |access-date=July 12, 2014 |archive-date=May 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504023817/http://www.philstar.com/modern-living/86131/rotundas-circles-urban-life |url-status=live }}</ref> President Carlos P. Garcia recounted Anda's heroism and defense of Filipinos against Spanish abuses in his turnover speech on June 8, 1957.<ref name="official gazette" />
The Anda Monument had previously shown signs of vandalism.
On October 7, 2020, the newly rehabilitated Anda Circle was unveiled. The monument was repainted in its original polychrome design. A fountain was also installed in a {{convert|34|m|adj=on|sp=us}} diameter pool at its base, along with 222 RGB LED lamps that light the water in various colors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Casas |first=Willie |date=September 27, 2020 |title=New Anda Circle to Be Unveiled Next Month |work=Manilastandard.net |url=https://www.manilastandard.net/lgu/ncr/335315/new-anda-circle-to-be-unveiled-next-month.html |url-status=dead |access-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029044816/https://manilastandard.net/lgu/ncr/335315/new-anda-circle-to-be-unveiled-next-month.html |archive-date=October 29, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Tiangco |first=Minka Klaudia |date=October 7, 2020 |title=Manila Unveils Newly Rehabilitated Anda Circle |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/07/manila-unveils-newly-rehabilitated-anda-circle/ |access-date=December 19, 2021 |archive-date=December 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211219160158/https://mb.com.ph/2020/10/07/manila-unveils-newly-rehabilitated-anda-circle/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Planned relocation== In September 2014, the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) announced its plan to dismantle the Anda Monument and convert the roundabout into a regular intersection to ease traffic congestion along Bonifacio Drive, the main thoroughfare for trucks going to and from the Port of Manila.<ref name="dpwh">{{Cite news |last=Barcelo |first=Vito |date=September 11, 2014 |title=Historical Sites Yield to Dev’t and Progress |work=MST Mobile |url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/mobile/2014/09/11/historical-sites-yield-to-dev-t-and-progress/ |access-date=September 25, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226060244/http://manilastandardtoday.com/mobile/2014/09/11/historical-sites-yield-to-dev-t-and-progress/ |archive-date=February 26, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The highways department also recommended relocating the monument to protect it from damage from possible accidents. The plan was accepted by the National Historical Commission, and the department coordinated to transfer the monument back to its original location in Plaza Maestranza within Intramuros near the Pasig River.<ref name="dpwh" /> However, the moving of the monument did not push through.
In February 2016, the DPWH said that the plan was cancelled, citing opposition from heritage conservationists led by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts and Senator Pia Cayetano to such plans.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Antonio |first=Raymund |date=February 6, 2016 |title=Anda Circle Stays – DPWH Exec |work=Manila Bulletin |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/anda-circle-stays-dpwh-exec/ |url-status=dead |access-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-date=February 6, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206233213/http://www.mb.com.ph/anda-circle-stays-dpwh-exec/ }}</ref>
==Gallery== <!---Limit images as per WP:NOTREPOSITORY; don't include images that depicts the same aspects of the monument or the roundabout---> <gallery mode="packed"> WTMP Noel Gonong A-23.JPG|The Anda Circle with the monument as its centerpiece Simon de Anda Monument with Philbanking Building.jpg|The monument in 2014 prior to its 2020 renovation. The monument was heavily vandalized. Port Area, Manila South Harbor First Gate 24.jpg|The monument with the fountain Port Area, Manila South Harbor First Gate 25.jpg|Marker </gallery>
==References== {{reflist}}{{Commons category}}{{Road infrastructure in Manila}} {{Intramuros}} {{Authority control}} Category:Buildings and structures in Intramuros Category:Buildings and structures in Port Area, Manila Category:Monuments and memorials in Metro Manila Category:Spanish era monuments in the Philippines