Amyna axis

{{Short description|Species of moth}} {{Speciesbox | image = Amyna axis - inat 367173.jpg | image_caption = ''Amyna axis'', Oriental Eight-Spot, India | genus = Amyna | species = axis | authority = (Guenée, 1852) | synonyms = *''Perigea octo'' Guenée, 1852 *''Amyna octo'' (Guenée, 1852) *''Perigea axis'' Guenée, 1852 *''Poaphila stricta'' Walker, 1858 *''Calaena flavigutta'' Walker, 1858 *''Celaena perfundens'' Walker, 1858 *''Ilattia cephusalis'' Walker, [1859] *''Amyna colon'' Guenée, 1862 *''Perigea vexabilis'' Wallengren, 1863 *''Miana inornata'' Walker, 1865 *''Celaena obstructa'' Walker, 1862 *''Perigea leucospila'' Walker, 1865 *''Erastria stigmatula'' Snellen, 1872 *''Stridova albigutta'' Walker, 1869 *''Erastria bavia'' Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 *''Segetia orbica'' Morrison, 1875 *''Amyna undulifera'' Butler, 1875 *''Chytoryza tecta'' Grote, 1876 *''Botys monotretalis'' Mabille, 1879 *''Perigea supplex'' Swinhoe, 1885 *''Berresa rufa'' Bethune-Baker, 1906 }}

'''''Amyna axis''''', the '''oriental eight-spot''', is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852.

==Distribution== It occurs in Africa, temperate Asia, Australia and the Cook Islands. The New World population of ''Amyna axis'' was determined to be a separate species, ''Amyna stricta'', in 2015.<ref name="Bailey">{{cite book |title=Pests of Field Crops and Pastures: Identification and Control |last=Bailey |first=Peter |year=2007 |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |isbn=978-0-643-06758-5 |pages=247–248 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=N10sAEHunWEC |accessdate=29 April 2010}}</ref><ref name=Lafontaine2015/><ref name=mpg/>

The moth migrates north each year in late summer and fall.

===Food plants=== The larvae feed on ''Amaranthus'', ''Croton'', ''Celosia'', ''Digera'', ''Helianthus'', ''Chenopodium'', ''Spinacia'', ''Ipomoea'', ''Ricinus'', ''Arachis'', ''Crotalaria'', ''Medicago'', ''Phaseolus'', ''Hibiscus'', ''Cardiospermum'', ''Solanum'', ''Corchorus'' and ''Parasponia'' species.<ref name="Wagner">{{cite journal |title=Larva and pupa of ''Amyna axis'' (Guenée, 1852) and affirmation of its taxonomic placement in ''Bagisarinae'' (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) |last=Wagner |first=D. L. |author2=Binns, S. |year=2010 |journal=ZooKeys |issn=1313-2970 |page=4 |url= http://pensoftonline.net/zookeys/index.php/journal/article/view/435/389 |accessdate=29 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.africanmoths.com/pages/EREBIDAE/BOLETOBIINAE/amyna%20axis.htm | title=''Amyna axis'', Guenée, 1852 | website=African Moths | accessdate=3 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912102953/http://africanmoths.com/pages/EREBIDAE/BOLETOBIINAE/amyna%20axis.htm# | archive-date=2016-09-12 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

It is an irregular minor pest of mung beans (''Vigna radiata''), black-eyed peas (''Vigna unguiclata''), lucerne (''Medicago sativa'') and soy beans (''Glycine max''). Its prevalence may be under reported due to the resemblance of the caterpillar with those of ''Chrysoieixis'' species.<ref name="Bailey"/>

===Early stages=== The larvae are thin bodied and have faint white stripes and two pairs of ventral prolegs.<ref name="Bailey"/> At low densities of groups, caterpillars are pale green. Among caterpillars at high densities, there are higher frequencies of melanistic phenotypes. The degree of blackening varied widely, ranging from individuals with simple subdorsal-lateral patches to those that were mostly black.<ref name="Wagner"/>

Larvae perch on the undersides of leaves and along stems and petioles. At rest, the abdominal segments are often looped upward. When alarmed the larva essentially jumps from the host and continues to wreathe and wriggle wildly. Prepupal larvae take on a pinkish cast. Pupation occurs in a silken cocoon below (usually) or at the soil surface. Sand and/or plant debris are interwoven into the cocoon wall.<ref name="Wagner"/>

===Adult=== The adult moth is chocolate brown above and has a wingspan of {{cvt|20|–|25|mm}}. The forewings have faint greyish-white lines and an obscure figure-of-eight mark on it. The hindwings are lighter with fainter markings. The male can be differentiated by the presence of a small semi-transparent patch on each wing.<ref name="Bailey"/> Adults are on wing in late summer and early fall. Forewing of male with a small vesicle in cell, with a small valve of scales over it on underside, the median nervure being slightly curved. It is smaller than ''Amyna punctum''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hampson |first=G. F. |authorlink=George Hampson |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/180400#page/5/mode/1up |title=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume II |publisher=Taylor and Francis |year=1894 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=mpg> {{Cite web| title=North American Moth Photographers Group, ''Amyna axis'' | url=http://mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/species.php?hodges=9070 | access-date=2021-09-29 }}</ref>

<ref name=Lafontaine2015> {{Cite journal | title = Additions and corrections to the checklist of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico, III | date = 2015 | last1 = Lafontaine | first1 = J. Donald | last2 = Schmidt | first2 = B. Christian | journal = ZooKeys | issue = 527| pages = 227–236 | doi = 10.3897/zookeys.527.6151 | pmc=4668890 | pmid=26692790 | doi-access = free }}</ref> }}

==External links== {{Commons category|Amyna axis}} *{{cite web |last=McLeod |first=Robin |date=February 2, 2017 |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/87294 |title=Species ''Amyna stricta'' - Eight-Spot - Hodges#9070 |website=BugGuide |accessdate=January 12, 2019}}

Category:Eustrotiinae Category:Moths of Africa Category:Moths of Asia Category:Moths of Oceania Category:Moths described in 1852 Category:Taxa named by Achille Guenée

Amyna axis

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