{{Short description|Egyptian doctor (1891–1964)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}} {{Infobox academic | honorific_prefix = Sir | honorific_suffix = Pasha | name = Aly Tewfik Shousha | native_name = علي توفيق شوشة | native_name_lang = ar | birth_date = {{birth date|1891|8|17|df=yes}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1964|5|31|1891|8|17|df=yes}} | nationality = | occupation = Bacteriologist | education = {{ubl|Humboldt University of Berlin (MD, 1915)|University of Zurich}} | workplaces = {{ubl|Ministry of Health (Egypt)|World Health Organization|Hygienische Institute, Zurich}} | awards = {{ubl|Order of the Nile (1936)|US Typhus Commission Medal (1944)|Order of Pashwiya (1945)|Order of the British Empire (Knight Commander 1948)}} | image = Aly Tewfik Shousha.png | birth_place = Cairo, Khedivate of Egypt }}
Sir '''Aly Tewfik Shousha''', Pasha ({{Langx|ar|علي توفيق شوشة}}; 17 August 1891 – 31 May 1964) was an Egyptian doctor and a founding member of the World Health Organization.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2 June 1964 |title=Dr. Aly Tewfik Shousha, 72, Founder‐Member of W.H.O. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/06/02/archives/dr-aly-tewfik-shousha-72-foundermember-of-who.html |access-date=11 February 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211234445/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/06/02/archives/dr-aly-tewfik-shousha-72-foundermember-of-who.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Early life and education == Aly Tewfik Shousha was born in Cairo, on 17 August 1891. He graduated from the School of Medicine, Humboldt University of Berlin in 1915, and specialized in the study of bacteriology at the University of Zurich. He later became an assistant at the Hygienische Institute in Zurich (1916–1917).<ref name=":0">{{cite web | title=biographical note: Sir Aly Tewfik Shousha, Pasha, Chairman of the WHO Executive Board and Director-designate of the WHO Regional bureau in Alexandria | website=IRIS Home | date=1949 | url=https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/121216 | access-date=2024-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sp_Vy_LLfpIC&dq=%22Aly+Tewfik+Shousha%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA7 |title=Report by [the] Surgeon General, Public Health Service, Chairman of the United States Delegation to the World Health Assembly |date=1970 |publisher=Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service. |language=en |access-date=12 February 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325203540/https://books.google.com/books?id=sp_Vy_LLfpIC&dq=%22Aly+Tewfik+Shousha%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA7 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Career == Shousha returned to Egypt to serve as a bacteriologist in 1924, before he served as a Director of Laboratories of the Ministry of Public Health in 1930.<ref name="Mondain">Le Mondain Egyptien (The Egyptian Who is Who). F. E. Noury et Fils, Cairo, 1939</ref> He then became the Undersecretary of the Ministry of Health in 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Audiovisual Library |url=https://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/search/search.jsp?sort=cdate_desc&ptag=ALY+TEWFIK+SHOUSHA+PASHA& |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=United Nations UN Audiovisual Library |language=en |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211235614/https://www.unmultimedia.org/avlibrary/search/search.jsp?sort=cdate_desc&ptag=ALY+TEWFIK+SHOUSHA+PASHA& |url-status=live }}</ref> On 1 July 1949, he became the first Regional Director of the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization (WHO) at its inception.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1949 |title=World Health Organization |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2703761 |journal=International Organization |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=357–360 |doi=10.1017/S0020818300020786 |jstor=2703761 |issn=0020-8183 |access-date=11 February 2023 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214020836/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2703761 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="who">{{cite web | title=دور منظمة الصحة العالمية وبرنامجها العربي في النهوض باللغة العربية | website=World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean | date=2009-03-06 | url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-15-2009/volume-15-issue-3/2014-03-06-06-32-03.html | access-date=2024-06-27}}</ref> He was also one of WHO's founding members<ref>{{Citation |title=The Birth of the World Health Organization, 1945–1948 |date=2019 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/world-health-organization/birth-of-the-world-health-organization-19451948/3D5474193F553A82D7D2561D5527798F |work=The World Health Organization: A History |pages=34–61 |editor-last=Fee |editor-first=Elizabeth |series=Global Health Histories |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108692878.003 |isbn=978-1-108-69287-8 |s2cid=216663686 |access-date=11 February 2023 |editor2-last=Cueto |editor2-first=Marcos |editor3-last=Brown |editor3-first=Theodore M. |archive-date=25 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200425021122/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/world-health-organization/birth-of-the-world-health-organization-19451948/3D5474193F553A82D7D2561D5527798F |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> and the Chairman of the Executive Board of WHO.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Speech by Dr. Aly Tewfik Shousha Pasha Chairman of the Executive Board of the World Health Organization | website=IRIS Home | date=1949 | url=https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/125387 | access-date=2024-06-27}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Shousha published many articles on bacteriology, including immunology.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shousha |first=A. T. |date=1948 |title=Cholera Epidemic in Egypt (1947): A Preliminary Report |journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=353–381 |issn=0042-9686 |pmc=2553924 |pmid=20603928}}</ref> He contributed to the editing of the facilitated Arabic Encyclopedia, and was elected to the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo in 1942.<ref name="acad">مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة: [https://www.sis.gov.eg/newVR/acadmy/html/acadmay0503.htm أعضاء المجمع السابقون] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825105419/http://www.sis.gov.eg/newVR/acadmy/html/acadmay0503.htm|date=25 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=1950 |title=Medical News |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25375138 |journal=The British Medical Journal |volume=1 |issue=4649 |pages=382–384 |jstor=25375138 |issn=0007-1447 |access-date=11 February 2023 |archive-date=14 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214100946/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25375138 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Death == Shousha died on 31 May 1964, aged 72, while he was attending the WHO Executive Board meeting in Geneva.<ref name=":1" /> He was attending as a representative of the League of Arab States, whose health activities he directed.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=27 June 1964 |title=Obituary Notices |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/1/5399/1711 |journal=British Medical Journal |language=en |volume=1 |issue=5399 |pages=1711–1714 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.5399.1711 |s2cid=220232145 |issn=0007-1447 |access-date=11 February 2023 |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211234742/https://www.bmj.com/content/1/5399/1711 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FINALACTOFTHEINTERNATIONAL HEALTHCONFERENCE |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/imageserver/parliamentary/P29pZD1BSkhSMTk0Ny1JLjEuNTA1JmdldHBkZj10cnVl |access-date=11 February 2023 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |archive-date=11 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230211235610/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/imageserver/parliamentary/P29pZD1BSkhSMTk0Ny1JLjEuNTA1JmdldHBkZj10cnVl |url-status=live }}</ref> == Awards and honours == Shousha's many decorations include Order of the Nile in 1936, the US Typhus Commission Medal in 1944, Order of Pashwiya on 26 April 1945,<ref>{{Cite web |title=pashalst-2 |url=http://www.egy.com/historica/pashalst.php |access-date=21 February 2023 |website=www.egy.com |archive-date=2 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102054353/http://www.egy.com/historica/pashalst.php |url-status=live }}</ref> and Commander and then Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1948.<ref name=":0" /> A street in Nasr City, Cairo, was named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=شارع علي توفيق شوشه, القاهرة |url=https://www.cartogiraffe.com/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82+%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%87/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=www.cartogiraffe.com |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212001227/https://www.cartogiraffe.com/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82+%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%87/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1966, the ninth World Health Assembly established a foundation to honour his memory as one of the World Health Organization founders and first WHO Regional Director for the Eastern Mediterranean. The foundation's purpose is to award a prize known as the Shousha Prize, which is given to a person who made the most significant contribution to any health problem in the geographical area in which Dr Shousha served the WHO. The foundation also gives a fellowship every six years that amounts to US$15,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr A.T. Shousha Foundation Prize and Fellowship |url=https://apps.who.int/gb/awards/e/Shousha.html |access-date=1 December 2022 |website=WHO |archive-date=19 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219215505/https://apps.who.int/gb/awards/e/Shousha.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Award of the Dr A.T. Shousha Foundation Prize and Fellowship |date=2015 |publisher=World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean |hdl=10665/250518 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == References == <references />{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shousha, Aly Tewfik}}
Category:1891 births Category:1964 deaths Category:20th-century Egyptian medical doctors Category:Egyptian pashas Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Category:University of Zurich alumni Category:Members of the Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire