{{Short description|Malaysian political coalition}} {{For|its predecessor coalition (2008–2015)|Pakatan Rakyat}} {{Use British English|date=June 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}} {{Infobox political party | name = Pakatan Harapan | lang1 = English | name_lang1 = Alliance of Hope | lang2 = Chinese | lang3 = Tamil | logo = Pakatan-harapan-logo.svg | logo_size = 220px | colorcode = {{party color|Pakatan Harapan}} | abbreviation = PH | chairman = Anwar Ibrahim | secretary_general = Saifuddin Nasution Ismail | president = Wan Azizah Wan Ismail | leader1_title = Deputy President | leader1_name = {{ubl|Anthony Loke Siew Fook|Mohamad Sabu}} | founded = {{start date|df=yes|2015|9|22}} | legalised = {{start date|df=yes|2018|5|16}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/17/its-official-pakatan-gets-its-certificate-of-registration-from-ros/|title=It's official! Pakatan gets its certificate of registration from RoS|author=Yimie Yong|work=The Star|date=17 May 2018|access-date=23 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618052759/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/17/its-official-pakatan-gets-its-certificate-of-registration-from-ros/|archive-date=18 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | predecessor = Pakatan Rakyat | headquarters = {{ubl|A-1-09 Merchant Square, Jalan Tropicana Selatan 1, 47410 Petaling Jaya (PH Secretariat and PKR)|Kuala Lumpur (DAP and AMANAH)}} | newspaper = {{ubl|The Rocket|RoketKini|Suara Keadilan|Media Oren|Harapan Daily}} | student_wing = Pakatan Harapan Students | youth_wing = Pakatan Harapan Youth | womens_wing = Pakatan Harapan Women | ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap| | Progressivism{{refn|<ref>{{cite news | last=Kumar | first=Ashwin | title=Madani government must reshape elite perspectives to protect the vulnerable, says PKR official | work=Sinar Daily | date=5 March 2026 | url=https://www.sinardaily.my/article/734307/focus/politics/madani-government-must-reshape-elite-perspectives-to-protect-the-vulnerable-says-pkr-official | access-date=8 March 2026 | quote=Collectively, Pakatan Harapan (PH) forms a coalition for Malaysians who aspire to implement progressive and moderate governance policies. – Aidi Amin Yazid, PKR Deputy Secretary-General}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Weiss | first=Meredith L. | title=Whither Institutional Reform in Malaysia? | journal=ISEAS Perspective | date=8 July 2024 | url=https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2024-50-whither-institutional-reform-in-malaysia-by-meredith-l-weiss/ | access-date=8 March 2026 | quote=When PH first secured a parliamentary majority, ousting BN, in 2018, it promised a 'Malaysia Baru': a new Malaysia of probity and progressive ideals... Recognizing that 'the country's reputation has been tarnished following several high-profile scandals', the manifesto commits to 'building a liberal and progressive pluralistic society, maintaining institutional reforms, raising the value of integrity, and respecting the independence of the judicial and legislative bodies'.}}</ref>}} | Multiracialism{{refn|<ref>{{cite news | title=In 'New Malaysia,' Race Continues to Cast a Long Shadow | work=Jakarta Globe | date=30 June 2024 | url=https://jakartaglobe.id/international/new-malaysia-race-continues-cast-long-shadow | access-date=8 March 2026 | quote=The problem with Pakatan Harapan as a multiracial coalition is that it is not seen as championing the Malays.}}</ref><ref name="RafiziCentrism" />}} }} | position = Centre{{refn|<ref name="RafiziCentrism">{{cite news | last=Achariam | first=Noel | title=PKR must redouble efforts to win back disillusioned supporters, says Rafizi | work=The Malaysian Insight | date=3 August 2022 | url=https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/s/394602 | access-date=13 February 2026 | quote=Our focus is to rebuild the support and movement to convince the people that we are a centrist party. Especially the middle-class and multiracial voters where their political views are undecided. – Rafizi Ramli, Deputy President of PKR}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Be centrists, reject politically expedient extremism - Harapan urges M'sians | work=Malaysiakini | date=31 August 2019 | url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/490167 | access-date=13 February 2026 | quote=The Harapan presidential council also urged Malaysians to reject any extremist views... '...Malaysia has no choice except to return to the middle ground, leaving behind all doubts and past beliefs that threatened the continuity of the rakyat's success to bring about significant change on May 9, 2018,' said the Harapan presidential council’s PKR president Anwar Ibrahim, Bersatu president Muhyiddin Yassin, Amanah president Mohamad Sabu and DAP secretary-general Lim Guan Eng.}}</ref>}} to centre-left<ref>{{cite news | last1=Zhang | first1=Kevin | last2=Wan | first2=Joshua Zi Wei | title=How a less influential Islamic party becomes the largest one in Malaysia’s parliament | work=The Jakarta Post | agency=ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute / The Conversation | date=5 January 2023 | url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/opinion/2023/01/06/how-a-less-influential-islamic-party-becomes-the-largest-one-in-malaysias-parliament.html | access-date=13 February 2026 | quote=Meanwhile, the two other coalitions – the centre-left Pakatan Harapan (translated as Alliance of Hope), and the centre-right Barisan Nasional (translated as National Front) – secured 81 and 30 seats respectively.}}</ref> | national = National Unity Government <br> (since 2022) | regional = | affiliation1_title = Member parties | affiliation1 = {{ubl|PKR|DAP|AMANAH}} | colours = {{ubl|{{Color box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=darkgray}} Red|{{Color box|White|border=darkgray}} White}} | seats1_title = Dewan Negara | seats1 = {{Composition bar|20|70|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}}} | seats2_title = Dewan Rakyat | seats2 = {{Composition bar|77|222|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}}} | seats3_title = State Legislative Assemblies | seats3 = {{Composition bar|136|611|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}}} | seats4_title = Chief minister of states | seats4 = {{Composition bar|3|13|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}}} | symbol = 150px<br>{{small|(except DAP Sarawak)}}<br/> border|150px <br/> {{small|(DAP Sarawak only)}} | flag = 150px | website = {{url|pakatanharapan.my}}<br>{{url|kitaboleh.my|2022 campaign website}} <!--{{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20180508011831/http://pakatanharapan.com.my|pakatanharapan.com.my}} (archived version as shown on 2018 election)-->| country = Malaysia }} {{Politics of Malaysia}}'''Pakatan Harapan''' ('''PH'''; stylised as '''HARAPAN'''; {{Langx|en|'''Alliance of Hope'''}}) is a Malaysian political coalition consisting of centrist and centre-left political parties which was formed in 2015 to succeed the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. It has led a grand coalition government since November 2022, having previously led a single-coalition government from May 2018 to February 2020.
It is currently the largest coalition in the Dewan Rakyat with 77 seats and is part of the state governments of seven of 13 states in the country, comprising Penang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Perak, Pahang, Malacca and Sabah. It also provides confidence and supply in Johor for its state government led by Barisan Nasional (BN).
The coalition consists of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), People's Justice Party (PKR) and Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH).
The coalition deposed the Barisan Nasional coalition government during the 2018 Malaysian general election, ending its 60-year-long reign (counted together with its predecessor, Alliance) since independence. Pakatan Harapan fell from power as a result of the 2020 Malaysian political crisis, when its chairman and then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigned from office, and his Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) left the coalition along with 11 members of parliament from PKR.<ref name="ST 24 Feb 2020">{{cite news |last1=Teoh |first1=Shannon |title=Mahathir resigns as Malaysian Prime Minister, PH loses majority after MPs leave |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-pm-mahathir-resigns-in-tactical-move-to-thwart-anwar-succession-sources |access-date=24 February 2020 |work=The Straits Times |date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224074148/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-pm-mahathir-resigns-in-tactical-move-to-thwart-anwar-succession-sources |archive-date=24 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
After the 2022 Malaysian general election resulted in a hung parliament, Pakatan Harapan entered into coalition with Barisan Nasional (BN), Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS), Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS), WARISAN, Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM), Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA), Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM), and independents to form what is commonly referred to as a national unity government, with PH chairman Anwar Ibrahim as prime minister.
== History == === Formation === Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party, the Democratic Action Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS). Disagreements and conflict between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the implementation of sharia law resulted in the predecessor coalition's break-up in June 2015,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://malaysiandigest.com/frontpage/29-4-tile/558045-pakatan-rakyat-split-will-change-country-s-political-landscape.html|title=Pakatan Rakyat Split Will Change Country's Political Landscape|work=Bernama|publisher=Malaysian Digest|date=17 June 2015|access-date=19 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618000954/http://www.malaysiandigest.com/frontpage/29-4-tile/558045-pakatan-rakyat-split-will-change-country-s-political-landscape.html|archive-date=18 June 2015|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/break-up-of-malaysias-opposition-bloc-pakatan-rakyat-what-happened-and-whats-next|title=Break up of Malaysia's opposition bloc Pakatan Rakyat: What happened and what's next?|author=Asrul Hadi Abdullah Sani|publisher=The Straits Times|date=18 June 2015|access-date=19 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214042713/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/break-up-of-malaysias-opposition-bloc-pakatan-rakyat-what-happened-and-whats-next|archive-date=14 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and it was replaced by a new coalition in September 2015 formed by the remnants of Pakatan Rakyat and a new PAS splinter party, the National Trust Party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/politics-news/new-pakatan-harapan-coalition-formed-74160|title=New Pakatan Harapan coalition formed|author=Harits Asyraf Hasnan|publisher=Astro Awani|date=22 September 2015|access-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026205305/http://english.astroawani.com/politics-news/new-pakatan-harapan-coalition-formed-74160|archive-date=26 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-opposition-forms-pakatan-harapan-alliance|title=Malaysia's opposition forms Pakatan Harapan alliance|author=Shannon Teoh|publisher=The Straits Times|date=23 September 2015|access-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213015558/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-opposition-forms-pakatan-harapan-alliance|archive-date=13 February 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 12 November 2016, a United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) splinter party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), founded and led by former Malaysian prime minister, Mahathir Mohamad, confirmed that the party was committed to joining Pakatan Harapan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/the-only-way-to-win-is-to-unite-and-contest-under-one-party-7693848|title='The only way to win is to unite and contest under one party': Mahathir|author=Melissa Goh|publisher=Channel NewsAsia|date=12 November 2016|access-date=12 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215110852/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/the-only-way-to-win-is-to-unite-and-contest-under-one-party-7693848|archive-date=15 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2046588/courting-rural-muslims-has-malaysias-opposition-found-key-winning|title=By courting rural Muslims, has Malaysia's opposition found key to winning power for first time in 60 years?|author=Sheridan Mahavera|publisher=South China Morning Post|date=16 November 2016|access-date=16 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119164114/http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2046588/courting-rural-muslims-has-malaysias-opposition-found-key-winning|archive-date=19 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> It succeeded in forming an electoral pact with the coalition in December before finally becoming a member in March the next year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/12/196556/ppbm-officially-signs-agreement-join-pakatan-harapan|title=PPBM officially signs agreement to join Pakatan Harapan|author=Hana Naz Harun|publisher=New Straits Times|date=13 December 2016|access-date=13 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214195009/http://www.nst.com.my/news/2016/12/196556/ppbm-officially-signs-agreement-join-pakatan-harapan|archive-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/national/pakatan-harapan-registration-approved-says-muhyiddin/ar-AAxmJ9p|title=PPBM wants name change before joining Pakatan Harapan|publisher=Antara Pos|date=14 March 2017|access-date=14 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517005559/https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/national/pakatan-harapan-registration-approved-says-muhyiddin/ar-AAxmJ9p|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Rise to power === The coalition's presidential council was confirmed in preparation for the coalition's registration. Mahathir was made the coalition's chairman and Wan Azizah Wan Ismail president, with then-imprisoned opposition leader and Wan Azizah's husband Anwar ''de facto'' leader. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/dr-mahathir-mohamad-pakatan-chairman-dr-wan-azizah-made-president|title=Dr Mahathir Mohamad is Pakatan chairman, Dr Wan Azizah made president|work=The Malay Mail|publisher=Today Online|date=14 July 2017|access-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714045256/http://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/dr-mahathir-mohamad-pakatan-chairman-dr-wan-azizah-made-president|archive-date=14 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> but was rejected by Registrar of Societies and cited as a reason as to why the coalition could not be registered,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shahar |first=Fairuz Mohd |date=2017-07-28 |title=Pakatan party registration hits roadblock as RoS rejects logo {{!}} New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2017/07/261621/pakatan-party-registration-hits-roadblock-ros-rejects-logo |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=NST Online |language=en}}</ref> while the Home Affairs Ministry later cited "issues" related to DAP and BERSATU after a new logo was submitted.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yunus |first=Arfa |date=2017-11-20 |title=Harapan's RoS registration held up by DAP, PPBM 'issues': Tun Mahathir {{!}} New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2017/11/305291/harapans-ros-registration-held-dap-ppbm-issues-tun-mahathir |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=NST Online |language=en}}</ref> The coalition was not registered in time for the general election and in pursuance of its plan to contest under a common logo, it was announced that the component parties would use the logo of PKR on the ballots instead, except in Sabah and Sarawak, where the local party chapters opted to use their respective logos.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/sabah-sarawak-pakatan-parties-wont-use-common-logo|title=Sabah, Sarawak Pakatan parties won't use common logo|author=Julia Chan|publisher=The Malay Mail|date=6 April 2018|access-date=20 April 2018|quote=This was a big decision for us, to be able to exercise our autonomy and decide for ourselves. We chose to use our own respective party flags. So, PKR, DAP and Amanah flags will be used here.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420141310/http://m.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/sabah-sarawak-pakatan-parties-wont-use-common-logo|archive-date=20 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/04/354079/pakatan-use-pkr-logo-ge14|title=Pakatan to use PKR logo in GE14|author1=Rizalman Hamim|author2=Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof|publisher=New Straits Times|date=6 April 2018|access-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709123331/https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/04/354079/pakatan-use-pkr-logo-ge14|archive-date=9 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) before the election, with party president Shafie Apdal promising members it would be represented in the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/418074|title=Warisan seals electoral pact with DAP and PKR|publisher=Malaysiakini|date=2 April 2018|access-date=2 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403051606/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/418074|archive-date=3 April 2018|url-status=live}}{{subscription required}}</ref>
In the 2018 election held on 9 May, Pakatan Harapan managed to win a simple majority of seats in the Dewan Rakyat, dislodging Barisan as the ruling coalition and ending its 60-year long stint in government. Following the coalition's victory, the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation announced their exit from Barisan and that they would seek to form a state government in Sabah with WARISAN and Pakatan Harapan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/upko-umum-keluar-bn-wujud-kerajaan-campuran-dengan-warisan-175096|title=UPKO umum keluar BN, wujud kerajaan campuran dengan Warisan|author=Tan Su Lin|language=ms|publisher=Astro Awani|date=10 May 2018|access-date=8 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510115028/http://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/upko-umum-keluar-bn-wujud-kerajaan-campuran-dengan-warisan-175096|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
The coalition also formed the government in the states of Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Johor and Sabah.{{notetag|The state government of Sabah was formed with a confidence and supply agreement with WARISAN and UPKO.}} It commanded a two-thirds majority in the states of Penang, Selangor and Johor.
Two days after a court date had been set for a hearing on the issue of the coalition's non-registration lodged against the Registrar, it was announced that Pakatan's registration had been officially approved on 17 May, eight days after its victory in the election.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abas |first=Azura |date=2018-05-17 |title=PH and PPBM are registered entities {{!}} New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/05/370370/ph-and-ppbm-are-registered-entities |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=NST Online |language=en}}</ref>
In a 2020 article published in the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute <i> Journal of Southeast Asian Affairs</i>, the Australian academic Ross Tapsell wrote of the coalition's efforts to ensure an independent process for former prime minister Najib's trial on corruption charges, the establishment of an independent anti-corruption commission, and the repealing of anti-fake news legislation, but also of the lack of action regarding decentralisation in relation to the Borneon states of Sabah and Sarawak, education reform, issues relating to the country's indigenous peoples (Orang Asli), racial inequality and political patronage, commenting that the Pakatan government was distracted by factional infighting.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tapsell |first1=Ross |title=Malaysia in 2019 |journal=Southeast Asian Affairs|publisher=ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute |date=2020 |pages=191–208 |doi=10.1355/aa20-1k |jstor=26938891 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26938891 |access-date=3 July 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
=== Fall from power === {{main|2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis}}Mahathir unexpectedly resigned as prime minister on 24 February 2020. His party, controlling 26 members of parliament, withdrew from the coalition in support of his decision, along with 11 members of parliament from the People's Justice Party led by Anwar's deputy, Azmin Ali. The announcement was made amid speculation that Mahathir intended to form a new governing coalition that would've excluded Anwar, fueled in part by questions raised by the latter's supporters over his status as Mahathir's designated successor, which CNN reported as part of the pair's longstanding rivalry.<ref name="ST 24 Feb 2020" /><ref name="CNN 24 Feb 2020">{{cite news |last1=Regan |first1=Helen |date=24 February 2020 |title=Malaysia's Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resigns |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/24/asia/malaysia-prime-minister-mahathir-resigns-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224081614/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/24/asia/malaysia-prime-minister-mahathir-resigns-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=24 February 2020 |access-date=24 February 2020 |work=CNN}}</ref> Despite this, Anwar believed that Mahathir was not member to any plans to exclude him from power. The political crisis sparked by Mahathir's resignation culminated in the coalition government's collapse, as it no longer had a majority in parliament. Eventually, a new rival coalition led by Mahathir's deputy, Muhyiddin Yassin, consisting of BERSATU and PAS named Perikatan Nasional, formed a new government with the support of Barisan.
The coalition thus lost its control over the states of Johor, Malacca, Perak and Kedah while a number of PKR, DAP and AMANAH representatives in those state assemblies left their parties and expressed support for the incoming state governments led by Perikatan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/johor-pakatan-harapan-state-government-falls-new-coalition-12475808?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna|title=Johor's Pakatan Harapan state government falls, new coalition to take over|website=CNA|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2020/03/573015/umno-leader-tipped-be-new-melaka-chief-minister|title=Umno leader tipped to be new Melaka Chief Minister|website=New Straits Times|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2020/03/663383/kerajaan-pakatan-harapan-perak-tumbang|title=Kerajaan Pakatan Harapan Perak tumbang (Perak Pakatan Harapan government collapses)|website=Berita Harian|access-date=18 March 2020}}</ref>
=== Return to power === In the 2022 Malaysian general election, Pakatan won most of its seats in the Dewan Rakyat in the states of Selangor, Johor, Penang, Perak, Melaka, and Negeri Sembilan, while losing to Perikatan Nasional candidates in the states of Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah, and Perlis by large margins. It won the largest number of seats with 82, but fell short of the 112 needed for a simple majority. It formed a grand coalition with Barisan Nasional, two other coalitions, four parties, and independents following the Yang di-Pertuan Agong's counsel that a unity government should be formed as a result of the hung parliament. While an offer was extended to Perikatan, it chose to sit as the official opposition. This arrangement was replicated on the state-level, with Pakatan participating in the government of seven states while providing confidence and supply in Johor.
Of the four states that chose to hold state elections simultaneously, Pakatan won 24 seats in the Perak State Legislative Assembly, 1 in the Perlis State Legislative Assembly and 8 in the Pahang State Legislative Assembly. It formed a coalition government with Barisan Nasional in Perak and Pahang.
== International relations == While the Pakatan Harapan coalition is not a member of any political internationals or confederations, some of its component parties are. The Democratic Action Party is a founding member of the Progressive Alliance. The People's Justice Party was listed as an observer member of the Liberal International but has since been de-listed after its leader Anwar Ibrahim publicly denied that the party was a member of any political international.
== Member parties == {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;" |- ! rowspan="2"| Flag ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | Name ! rowspan="2"| Ideology ! rowspan="2" |Position ! rowspan="2"| Leader(s) ! rowspan="2"| Seats<br />contested ! colspan="2"| 2022 result ! Current<br />seats ! rowspan="2"| State Legislature seats |- ! Votes (%) ! Seats ! Composition |- | colspan="12" style="text-align:center; background:lightgrey;" |'''Member parties''' |- | 60px|centre | style="background:{{party color|People's Justice Party (Malaysia)}};" | | style="text-align:center;" | '''PKR''' | People's Justice Party <br> {{small|''Parti Keadilan Rakyat''}} | {{Nowrap|Reformism<br>Anti-corruption}} | Centre | Anwar Ibrahim | style="text-align:center;" | 102 | style="text-align:center;" | 15.74% | {{Composition bar|31|222|{{party color|People's Justice Party (Malaysia)}}}} | {{Composition bar|29|77|{{party color|People's Justice Party (Malaysia)}}}} | {{Composition bar|38|611|{{party color|People's Justice Party (Malaysia)}}}} |- | border|60px|centre | style="background:{{party color|Democratic Action Party}};" | | style="text-align:center;" | '''DAP''' | Democratic Action Party<br />{{small|''Parti Tindakan Demokratik''}} | {{Nowrap|Social democracy<br>Multiculturalism}} | Centre-left | Anthony Loke Siew Fook | style="text-align:center;" | 55 | style="text-align:center;" | 15.61% | {{Composition bar|40|222|{{party color|Democratic Action Party}}}} | {{Composition bar|40|77|{{party color|Democratic Action Party}}}} | {{Composition bar|86|611|{{party color|Democratic Action Party}}}} |- | 60px|centre | style="background:{{party color|National Trust Party (Malaysia)}};" | | style="text-align:center;" |'''AMANAH''' | National Trust Party<br />{{small|''Parti Amanah Negara''}} | {{Nowrap|Islamic democracy<br>Progressivism}} | Centre | Mohamad Sabu | style="text-align:center;" | 54 | style="text-align:center;" | 5.70% | {{Composition bar|8|222|{{party color|National Trust Party (Malaysia)}}}} | {{Composition bar|8|77|{{party color|National Trust Party (Malaysia)}}}} | {{Composition bar|12|611|{{party color|National Trust Party (Malaysia)}}}} |- |}
=== Former member parties === * Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), (2017–2020) * United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO), (2021–2025)
== Organisational structure == === Central Leadership Council === {{colbegin}} * '''Chairman:''' ** Anwar Ibrahim (PKR) * '''President:''' ** Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR) * '''Deputy President:''' ** Anthony Loke Siew Fook (DAP) ** Mohamad Sabu (AMANAH) * '''Vice-President:''' ** Chong Chieng Jen (DAP) ** M. Kulasegaran (DAP) ** Christina Liew (PKR) * '''Secretary-General:''' ** Saifuddin Nasution Ismail (PKR) * '''Treasurer:''' ** Khalid Abdul Samad (AMANAH) * '''Women's Chief:''' ** Aiman Athirah Sabu (AMANAH) * '''Youth Chief:''' ** Woo Kah Leong (DAP) * '''Elections Director:''' ** ''Vacant'' * '''Communications Director:''' ** Fahmi Fadzil (PKR) * '''Strategic Director:''' ** ''Vacant'' * '''Information Chief:''' ** Teo Nie Ching (DAP) * '''Chief Whip:''' ** Anthony Loke Siew Fook (DAP) * '''State Chairman:''' ** Johor: Aminolhuda Hassan (AMANAH) ** Kedah: Saifuddin Nasution Ismail (PKR) ** Kelantan: Adly Zahari (AMANAH) ** Malacca: Adly Zahari (AMANAH) ** Negeri Sembilan: Aminuddin Harun (PKR) ** Pahang: Fuziah Salleh (PKR) ** Perak: Mujahid Yusof Rawa (AMANAH) ** Perlis: Noor Amin Ahmad (PKR) ** Penang: Chow Kon Yeow (DAP) ** Sabah: Mustapha Sakmud (PKR) ** Sarawak: Chong Chieng Jen (DAP) ** Selangor: Amirudin Shari (PKR) ** Terengganu: Mohd Hasbie Muda (AMANAH) ** Federal Territories: Tan Kok Wai (DAP) * '''State Deputy Chairperson:''' ** Johor: *** Teo Nie Ching (DAP) *** Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh (PKR) ** Kedah: ***Nor Azrina Surip (PKR) *** Mohd Asmirul Anuar Aris (AMANAH) *** Tan Kok Yew (DAP) ** Kelantan: *** {{ill|Mohamad Suparadi Md Noor|ms}} (PKR) *** Poa Yin Chai (DAP) ** Malacca: *** Khoo Poay Tiong (DAP) *** Mohd Rafee Ibrahim (PKR) *** Ashraf Muklis Minghat (AMANAH) ** Negeri Sembilan: *** Anthony Loke Siew Fook (DAP) *** Mk Ibrahim Abdul Rahman (AMANAH) ** Pahang: *** Rizal Jamin (PKR) *** Lee Chin Cheh (DAP) *** Zulkifli Mohamed (AMANAH) ** Perak: *** Nga Kor Ming (DAP) *** Asmuni Awi (AMANAH) *** Mohamad Hairul Amir Sabri (PKR) ** Perlis: *** Wan Kharizal Wan Khazim (AMANAH) *** {{ill|Teh Seng Chuan|ms}} (DAP) ** Penang: *** Steven Sim Chee Keong (DAP) *** Nurul Izzah Anwar (PKR) *** Muhammad Faiz Fadzil (AMANAH) ** Sabah: *** Phoong Jin Zhe (DAP) *** Lahirul Latigu (AMANAH) ** Sarawak: *** Roland Engan (PKR) *** Abang Abd Halil Abang Naili (AMANAH) ** Selangor: *** Ng Sze Han (DAP) *** Izham Hashim (AMANAH) ** Terengganu: *** Ahmad Nazri Mohd Yusof (PKR) *** Cheong Siow Foon (DAP) ** Federal Territories: *** Azman Abidin (PKR) *** Khalid Abdul Samad (AMANAH) {{colend}}
=== Youth Wing (Angkatan Muda Harapan) === {{colbegin}} * '''Youth Chief:''' ** Woo Kah Leong (DAP) * '''Deputy Youth Chief:''' ** Mohd Hasbie Muda (AMANAH) ** Kamil Munim (PKR) ** Nurthaqaffah Nordin (AMANAH) * '''Vice-Youth Chief:''' ** Nik Abdul Razak Nik Md Ridzuan (AMANAH) ** Young Syefura Othman (DAP) ** Izuan Kasim (PKR) *'''Youth Secretary:''' ** Musaddeq Khalid (AMANAH) *'''Deputy Youth Secretary:''' ** Omar Mokhtar A Manap (PKR) *'''Youth Treasurer:''' ** Lim Yi Wei (DAP) *''' Deputy Youth Treasurer:''' ** Nur Najihah Muhaimin (AMANAH) *'''Youth Communications Director:''' ** Muhammad Haziq Azfar Ishak (PKR) *'''Youth Public Policies Director:''' ** Ong Chun Wei (DAP) ** Nadia Fathin Syahira (PKR) ** Ammar Atan (AMANAH) *'''Youth Mobilization Director:''' ** Umar Khair (PKR) ** Abbas Azmi (AMANAH) ** Jason Raj Kirupanantha (DAP) *'''Youth Elections Director:''' ** Asmaaliff Abdul Adam (AMANAH) ** Prabakaran Parameswaran (PKR) ** Keristinah Philip Selvaraju (DAP) {{colend}}
=== Women's Wing (Wanita Pakatan Harapan) === {{col-begin}} * '''Women's Chief:''' ** Aiman Athirah Sabu (AMANAH) * '''Deputy Women's Chief:''' ** Fadhlina Sidek (PKR) ** Teo Nie Ching (DAP) * '''Vice-Women's Chief:''' ** Anfaal Saari (AMANAH) ** Yeo Bee Yin (DAP) ** Juwairiya Zulkifli (PKR) * '''Women's Secretary:''' ** Mashitah Ismail (AMANAH) * '''Deputy Women's Secretary:''' ** Loh Ker Chean (PKR) * '''Women's Treasurer:''' ** Young Syefura Othman (DAP) * '''Women's Information Chief:''' ** Mariam Abdul Rashid (AMANAH) * '''Women's Communications Director:''' ** Syerleena Abdul Rashid (DAP) * '''Sabah and Sarawak Committee Chief:''' ** ''Vacant'' * '''East Coast Committee Chief:''' ** Faizah Ariffin (PKR) {{col-end}}
== Leadership == === Chairperson === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !No. ! width=20%|Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small> ! Portrait ! colspan="2"|Term of office !Time in office ! colspan="2"|Political party |- ! 1 |Mahathir Mohamad<br /><small>(b.1925)</small> |70px |14 July 2017 |24 February 2020 |{{age in years and days|2017|07|14|2020|02|24}} | style="background: {{party color|Malaysian United Indigenous Party}}; color: white"|BERSATU |- !2 |Anwar Ibrahim<br /><small>(b.1947)</small> |70px |14 May 2020 |''Incumbent'' |{{age in years and days|2020|05|14}} | style="background: {{party color|People's Justice Party (Malaysia)}}; color: white"|PKR |}
=== President === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- !No. ! width=25%|Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small> ! Portrait ! colspan="2"|Term of office !Time in office !Political party |- !1 |Wan Azizah Wan Ismail<br /><small>(b.1952)</small> |70px |14 July 2017 |''Incumbent'' |{{age in years and days|2017|07|14}} | style="background: {{party color|People's Justice Party (Malaysia)}}; color: white"|PKR |}
=== Women's Chief === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !No. ! width="20%" |Name <small>(Birth–Death)</small> !Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office !Time in office !Political party |- !1 |Zuraida Kamaruddin<br /><small>(b.1958)</small> | |14 August 2017 |24 February 2020 |{{age in years and days|2017|08|14|2020|02|24}} | style="background: {{party color|People's Justice Party (Malaysia)}}; color: white" |PKR |- !2 |Chong Eng<br /><small>(b. 1957)</small> | |18 March 2021 |12 September 2021 |{{age in years and days|2021|03|18|2021|09|12}} | style="background: {{party color|Democratic Action Party}}; color: white" |DAP |- !3 |Aiman Athirah Sabu <br /><small>(b.1972)</small> | |12 September 2021 |''Incumbent'' |{{age in years and days|2021|9|12}} | style="background: {{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}; color: white" |AMANAH |}
=== Youth Chief === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !No. ! width="20%" |Name <small>(Birth–Death)</small> !Portrait ! colspan="2" |Term of office !Time in office !Political party |- !1 |Nik Nazmi Nik Ahmad<br /><small>(b. 1982)</small> |70px |31 October 2017 |13 December 2018 |{{age in years and days|2017|10|31|2018|12|13}} |style="background: {{party color|People's Justice Party (Malaysia)}}; color: white" |PKR |- !2 |Syed Saddiq<br /><small>(b. 1992)</small> |70px |13 December 2018 |24 February 2020 |{{age in years and days|2018|12|13|2020|2|24}} |style="background: {{party color|Malaysian United Indigenous Party}}; color: white"|BERSATU |- !3 |Shazni Munir Mohd Ithnin<br /><small>(1987–2021)</small> | |4 March 2021 |6 August 2021 |{{age in years and days|2021|3|4|2021|8|6}} |style="background: {{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}; color: white" |AMANAH |- !4 |Howard Lee Chuan How<br /><small>(b. 1983)</small> |70px |12 September 2021 |29 July 2022 |{{age in years and days|2021|9|12|2022|7|29}} |style="background: {{party color|Democratic Action Party}}; color: white" |DAP |- !5 |Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen<br /><small>(b. 1986)</small> |70px |29 July 2022 |11 March 2025 |{{age in years and days|2022|7|29|2025|3|11}} |style="background: {{party color|Democratic Action Party}}; color: white" |DAP |- !6 |Woo Kah Leong<br /><small>(b. 1991)</small> |70px |11 March 2025 |''Incumbent'' |{{age in years and days|2025|3|11}} |style="background: {{party color|Democratic Action Party}}; color: white" |DAP |}
== Elected representatives == === Dewan Negara (Senate) === ==== Senators ==== {{main|Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}} * '''His Majesty's appointee:''' ** Saifuddin Nasution Ismail (PKR) ** Fuziah Salleh (PKR) ** Saraswathy Kandasami (PKR) ** Leong Ngah Ngah (DAP) ** Niran Tan Kran (PKR) ** Isaiah D Jacob (PKR) ** Mohd Hasbie Muda (AMANAH) ** Mohd Hatta Ramli (AMANAH) ** Abun Sui Anyit (PKR) ** Phoong Jin Zhe (DAP) ** Sheikh Umar Bagharib Ali (DAP) ** Larry Assap (DAP) ** Thiagarajah Rajagopal (DAP) * '''Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly:''' ** Vincent Wu Him Ven (DAP) ** Jufitri Joha (PKR) * '''Penang State Legislative Assembly:''' ** Lingeshwaran Arunasalam (DAP) ** Noor Inayah Yaakub (PKR) * '''Perak State Legislative Assembly:''' ** Mujahid Yusof Rawa (AMANAH) * '''Selangor State Legislative Assembly:''' ** Tiew Way Keng (DAP) ** Mohammad Redzuan Othman (PKR) {{div col end}}
=== Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) === ==== Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament ==== {{main|Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament}} Pakatan Harapan has 79 members in the House of Representatives . {| class ="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width:100px;"| State ! style="width:30px;"| No. ! style="width:150px;"|Parliament Constituency ! style="width:240px;"|Member ! style="width:80px;" colspan=2|Party |- | {{Flag|Kedah}} || P015 || Sungai Petani ||Mohammed Taufiq Johari|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="10" |{{Flag|Penang}} || P043 ||Bagan||Lim Guan Eng|| bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- | P045 || Bukit Mertajam || Steven Sim Chee Keong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P046 || Batu Kawan || Chow Kon Yeow || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P047 || Nibong Tebal|| Fadhlina Sidek || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR |- | P048 || Bukit Bendera || Syerleena Abdul Rashid || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P049 || Tanjong || Lim Hui Ying || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P050 || Jelutong || Sanisvara Nethaji Rayer Rajaji Rayer || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P051 || Bukit Gelugor || Ramkarpal Singh || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P052 || Bayan Baru || Sim Tze Tzin || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P053 || Balik Pulau || Muhammad Bakhtiar Wan Chik || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="11" |{{Flag|Perak}} | P060 || Taiping || Wong Kah Woh || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P062 || Sungai Siput ||Kesavan Subramaniam || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P063 || Tambun ||Anwar Ibrahim || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P064 || Ipoh Timor || Howard Lee Chuan How || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P065 || Ipoh Barat || Kulasegaran Murugeson || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P066 || Batu Gajah || Sivakumar Varatharaju Naidu || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P068 || Beruas || Ngeh Koo Ham || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P070 || Kampar || Chong Zhemin || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P071 || Gopeng || Tan Kar Hing || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P076 || Teluk Intan || Nga Kor Ming || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P077 || Tanjong Malim || Chang Lih Kang || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Pahang}} || P080 || Raub || Chow Yu Hui || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P089 || Bentong || Young Syefura Othman || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="15" |{{Flag|Selangor}} | P096 || Kuala Selangor || Dzulkefly Ahmad || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||AMANAH |- | P097 || Selayang|| William Leong Jee Keen|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR |- | P098 || Gombak|| Amirudin Shari|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR |- | P099 || Ampang|| Rodziah Ismail|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR |- | P101 || Hulu Langat || Mohd Sany Hamzan || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||AMANAH |- | P102 || Bangi || Syahredzan Johan || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P103 || Puchong || Yeo Bee Yin || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P104 || Subang || Wong Chen || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P105 || Petaling Jaya ||Lee Chean Chung || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P106 || Damansara ||Gobind Singh Deo || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P107 || Sungai Buloh || Ramanan Ramakrishnan || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P108 || Shah Alam || Azli Yusof || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||AMANAH |- | P110 || Klang || Ganabatirau Veraman || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P111 || Kota Raja || Mohamad Sabu || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||AMANAH |- | P113 || Sepang || Aiman Athirah Sabu|| bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||AMANAH |- | rowspan="9" | {{Flag|Kuala Lumpur}} || P114 || Kepong || Lim Lip Eng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P115 || Batu || Prabakaran Parameswaran || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P116 || Wangsa Maju || Zahir Hassan || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P117 || Segambut || Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P120 || Bukit Bintang || Fong Kui Lun || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P121 || Lembah Pantai || Fahmi Fadzil || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P122 || Seputeh || Teresa Kok Suh Sim || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P123 || Cheras || Tan Kok Wai || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P124 || Bandar Tun Razak || Wan Azizah Wan Ismail || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="3" | {{Flag|Negeri Sembilan}} || P128 || Seremban || Anthony Loke Siew Fook || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P130 || Rasah || Cha Kee Chin || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P132 || Port Dickson || Aminuddin Harun || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Malacca}} | P135 ||Alor Gajah|| Adly Zahari || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||AMANAH |- | P137 || Hang Tuah Jaya || Adam Adli Abdul Halim || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P138 || Kota Melaka || Khoo Poay Tiong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="14" |{{Flag|Johor}} | P140 ||Segamat||Yuneswaran Ramaraj|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR |- | P141 ||Sekijang||Zaliha Mustafa|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR |- | P142 || Labis || Pang Hok Liong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P144 || Ledang || Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P145 || Bakri || Tan Hong Pin || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P149 || Sri Gading || Aminolhuda Hassan || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- | P150 || Batu Pahat || Onn Abu Bakar || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR |- | P152 || Kluang || Wong Shu Qi || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P158 || Tebrau || Jimmy Puah Wee Tse || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P159 || Pasir Gudang || Hassan Abdul Karim || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P160 || Johor Bahru || Akmal Nasrullah Mohd Nasir || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P161 || Pulai || Suhaizan Kayat || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||AMANAH |- | P162 || Iskandar Puteri || Liew Chin Tong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P163 || Kulai || Teo Nie Ching || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Sabah}} || P171 || Sepanggar || Mustapha Sakmud || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P172 || Kota Kinabalu || Chan Foong Hin || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P186 || Sandakan || Vivian Wong Shir Yee ||bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="6" | {{Flag|Sarawak}} || P192 || Mas Gading || Mordi Bimol || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P195 || Bandar Kuching || Kelvin Yii Lee Wuen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P196 || Stampin || Chong Chieng Jen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P211 || Lanang || Alice Lau Kiong Yieng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P212 || Sibu || Oscar Ling Chai Yew || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | P219 || Miri || Chiew Choon Man || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | Total || colspan="5" style="width:30px;" | {{small|'''Kedah''' (1), '''Penang''' (10), '''Perak''' (11), '''Pahang''' (2), '''Selangor''' (15), '''F.T. Kuala Lumpur''' (9), '''Negeri Sembilan''' (3), '''Malacca''' (3), '''Johor''' (14), '''Sabah''' (3), '''Sarawak''' (6)}} |}
=== Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly) === {{main|List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2023–present)}} {{col-begin}} {{col-4}} Penang State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|27|40|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} Selangor State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|32|56|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|17|36|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} Perak State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|24|59|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} {{col-4}} Johor State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|12|56|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} Pahang State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|10|47|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} Malacca State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|5|28|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} {{col-4}} Kedah State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|3|36|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} Perlis State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|1|15|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} Sabah State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|2|79|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} {{col-4}} Sarawak State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|2|82|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} Kelantan State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|1|45|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} Terengganu State Legislative Assembly{{Composition bar|0|33|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} {{col-end}}
{| class ="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width:100px;"| State !No. !Parliamentary constituency ! style="width:30px;"| No. ! style="width:150px;"|State Constituency ! style="width:240px;"|Member ! style="width:90px;" colspan=2|Party |- | {{Flag|Perlis}} | P002 | Kangar || N08 || Indera Kayangan || Gan Ay Ling || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan=3| {{Flag|Kedah}} | P009 | Alor Setar | N13 || Kota Darul Aman || Teh Swee Leong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan=2 |P015 | rowspan=2 |Sungai Petani | N28 || Bakar Arang || Adam Loh Wei Chai || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N29 || Sidam || Bau Wong Bau Ek || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | {{Flag|Kelantan}} | P021 | Kota Bharu || N09 || Kota Lama || Hafidzah Mustakim || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||AMANAH |- | rowspan=27| {{Flag|Penang}} | rowspan="3" |P043 | rowspan="3" |Bagan | N07 || Sungai Puyu || Phee Syn Tze || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| || DAP |- | N08 || Bagan Jermal || Chee Yeeh Keen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N09 || Bagan Dalam || Kumaran Krishnan || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P045 | rowspan="3" |Bukit Mertajam | N13 || Berapit || Heng Lee Lee || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N14 || Machang Bubok || Lee Khai Loon || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N15 || Padang Lalang || Daniel Gooi Zi Sen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P046 | rowspan="3" |Batu Kawan | N16 || Perai || Sundarajoo Somu || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N17 || Bukit Tengah || Gooi Hsiao Leung || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N18 || Bukit Tambun || Goh Choon Aik || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P047 | Nibong Tebal | N19 || Jawi || Jason H'ng Mooi Lye || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="4" |P048 | rowspan="4" |Bukit Bendera | N22 || Tanjong Bunga || Zairil Khir Johari || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N23 || Air Putih || Lim Guan Eng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N24 || Kebun Bunga || Lee Boon Heng || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N25 || Pulau Tikus || Joshua Woo Sze Zeng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P049 | rowspan="3" |Tanjong | N26 || Padang Kota || Chow Kon Yeow|| bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N27 || Pengkalan Kota || Wong Yuee Harng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N28 || Komtar || Teh Lai Heng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P050 | rowspan="3" |Jelutong | N29 || Datok Keramat || Jagdeep Singh Deo || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N30 || Sungai Pinang || Lim Siew Khim || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N31 || Batu Lancang || Ong Ah Teong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P051 | rowspan="3" |Bukit Gelugor | N32 || Seri Delima || Connie Tan Hooi Peng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N33 || Air Itam || Joseph Ng Soon Siang || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N34 || Paya Terubong || Wong Hon Wai || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P052 | rowspan="3" |Bayan Baru | N35 || Batu Uban || Kumaresan Aramugam || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N36 || Pantai Jerejak || Fahmi Zainol || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N37 || Batu Maung || Mohamad Abdul Hamid || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- |P053 |Balik Pulau | N38 || Bayan Lepas || Azrul Mahathir Aziz || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- | rowspan="24" | {{Flag|Perak}} | rowspan="2" |P060 | rowspan="2" |Taiping|| N17 || Pokok Assam || Ong Seng Guan || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N18 || Aulong || Teh Kok Lim || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P062 |Sungai Siput | N22 || Jalong || Loh Sze Yee || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P063 |Tambun | N24 || Hulu Kinta || Muhamad Arafat Varisai Mahamad || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="3" |P064 | rowspan="3" |Ipoh Timur | N25 || Canning || Jenny Choy Tsi Jen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N26 || Tebing Tinggi || Abdul Aziz Bari || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N27 || Pasir Pinji || Goh See Hua || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P065 | rowspan="3" |Ipoh Barat | N28 || Bercham || Ong Boon Piow || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N29 || Kepayang || Nga Kor Ming || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N30 || Buntong || Thulsi Thivani Manogaran || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P066 | rowspan="3" |Batu Gajah | N31 || Jelapang || Cheah Pou Hian || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N32 || Menglembu || Chaw Kam Foon || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N33 || Tronoh || Steven Tiw Tee Siang || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P068 | rowspan="2" |Beruas | N37 || Pantai Remis || Wong May Ing || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N38 || Astaka || Jason Ng Thien Yeong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P070 | rowspan="3" |Kampar | N41 || Malim Nawar || Bavani Veraiah || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N42 || Keranji || Angeline Koo Haai Yen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N43 || Tualang Sekah || Mohd Azlan Helmi || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="3" |P071 | rowspan="3" |Gopeng | N44 || Sungai Rapat || Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- | N45 || Simpang Pulai || Wong Chai Yi|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N46 || Teja || Sandrea Ng Shy Ching || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- |P075 |Bagan Datuk | N54 || Hutan Melintang || Wasanthee Sinnasamy || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- |P076 |Teluk Intan | N55 || Pasir Bedamar || Woo Kah Leong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P077 |Tanjong Malim | N57 || Sungkai || Sivanesan Achalingam || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan=10| {{Flag|Pahang}} |P078 |Cameron Highlands|| N1 || Tanah Rata || Ho Chi Yang || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P080 |Raub | N07 || Tras || Tengku Zulpuri Shah Raja Puji || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P082 |Indera Mahkota | N13 || Semambu || Chan Chun Kuang || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- |P083 |Kuantan | N14 || Teruntum || Sim Chon Siang || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- |P088 |Temerloh | N30 || Mentakab || Woo Chee Wan || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P089 | rowspan="2" |Bentong | N33 || Bilut || Lee Chin Chen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N34 || Ketari || Thomas Su Keong Siong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P090 |Bera | N38 || Triang || Leong Yu Man || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |rowspan=2 colspan=3| — | Nominated member || Rizal Jamin || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | Nominated member || Mohd Fadzli Mohd Ramly || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | || AMANAH |- | rowspan="32" | {{Flag|Selangor}} |P093 |Sungai Besar | N04 || Sekinchan || Ng Suee Lim || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P094 |Hulu Selangor | N06 || Kuala Kubu Baharu || Pang Sock Tao || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P097 | rowspan="2" |Selayang | N14 || Rawang || Chua Wei Kiat || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N15 || Taman Templer || Anfaal Saari || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- | P098 | Gombak | N16 || Sungai Tua ||Amirudin Shari|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="2" |P099 | rowspan="2" |Ampang | N19 || Bukit Antarabangsa || Mohd Kamri Kamaruddin || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N20 || Lembah Jaya || Syed Ahmad Syed Abdul Rahman Alhadad || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- |rowspan="2" |P100 |rowspan="2" |Pandan | N21 || Pandan Indah || Izham Hashim || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- | N22 || Teratai || Yew Jia Haur || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P102 | rowspan="2" |Bangi | N25 || Kajang || David Cheong Kian Young || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N27 || Balakong || Wayne Ong Chun Wei || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P103 | rowspan="2" |Puchong | N28 || Seri Kembangan || Wong Siew Ki || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N29 || Seri Serdang || Abbas Azmi || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- | rowspan="2" |P104 | rowspan="2" |Subang | N30 || Kinrara || Ng Sze Han || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N31 || Subang Jaya || Michelle Ng Mei Sze || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P105 | rowspan="2" |Petaling Jaya | N32 || Seri Setia || Mohammad Fahmi Ngah || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N34 || Bukit Gasing || Rajiv Rishyakaran || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P106 | rowspan="3" |Damansara | N35 || Kampung Tunku || Lim Yi Wei || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N36 || Bandar Utama || Jamaliah Jamaluddin || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N37 || Bukit Lanjan || Pua Pei Ling || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | P107 | Sungai Buloh | N39 || Kota Damansara || Muhammad Izuan Ahmad Kasim || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="2" |P108 | rowspan="2" |Shah Alam | N40 || Kota Anggerik || Najwan Halimi || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N41 || Batu Tiga || Danial Al Rashid Haron || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- |P109 |Kapar | N42 || Meru || Mariam Abdul Rashid || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- | rowspan="3" |P110 | rowspan="3" |Klang | N45 || Bandar Baru Klang || Quah Perng Fei || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N46 || Pelabuhan Klang || Azmizam Zaman Huri || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N47 || Pandamaran || Leong Tuck Chee || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P111 | rowspan="2" |Kota Raja | N48 || Sentosa || Gunarajah George || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N50 || Kota Kemuning || Preakas Sampunathan || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P112 |Kuala Langat | N52 || Banting || Papparaidu Veraman || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P113 | rowspan="2" |Sepang | N54 || Tanjong Sepat || Borhan Aman Shah || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | || PKR |- | N56 || Sungai Pelek || Lwi Kian Keong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan=17| {{Flag|Negeri Sembilan}} | rowspan="2" |P126 | rowspan="2" | Jelebu|| N01 || Chennah || Anthony Loke Siew Fook || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N04 || Kelawang || Bakri Sawir || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- |P127 |Jempol | N08 || Bahau || Teo Kok Seong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="5" | P128 | rowspan="5" | Seremban | N10 || Nilai || Arul Kumar Jambunathan || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N11 || Lobak || Chew Seh Yong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N12 || Temiang || Ng Chin Tsai || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N13 || Sikamat || Aminuddin Harun|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N14 || Ampangan || Tengku Zamrah Tengku Sulaiman || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- |P129 |Kuala Pilah | N18 || Pilah || Noorzunita Begum Mohd Ibrahim || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan="4" |P130 | rowspan="4" |Rasah | N21 || Bukit Kepayang || Nicole Tan Lee Koon || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N22 || Rahang || Desmond Siau Meow Kong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N23 || Mambau || Yap Yew Weng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N24 || Seremban Jaya || Gunasekaren Palasamy || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="3" |P132 | rowspan="3" |Port Dickson | N29 || Chuah || Yew Boon Lye || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | N30 || Lukut || Choo Ken Hwa || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N33 || Sri Tanjung || Rajasekaran Gunnasekaran || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- |P133 |Tampin | N36 || Repah || Veerapan Superamaniam || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan=5| {{Flag|Malacca}} | rowspan="2" |P137 | rowspan="2" |Hang Tuah Jaya | N16 || Ayer Keroh || Kerk Chee Yee || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N17 || Bukit Katil || Adly Zahari || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- | rowspan="3" |P138 | rowspan="3" |Kota Melaka | N19 || Kesidang || Allex Seah Shoo Chin || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N20 || Kota Laksamana || Low Chee Leong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N22 || Bandar Hilir || Leng Chau Yen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | rowspan="12" | {{Flag|Johor}} |P140 | Segamat|| N2 || Jementah || Ng Kor Sim || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- |P144 |Ledang | N10 || Tangkak|| Ee Chin Li || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P145 | rowspan="2" |Bakri | N12 || Bentayan|| Ng Yak Howe || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- | N13 || Simpang Jeram || Nazri Abdul Rahman || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| || AMANAH |- |P150 |Batu Pahat | N23 || Penggaram ||Gan Peck Cheng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- |P152 |Kluang | N28 || Mengkibol|| Chew Chong Sin || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- |P159 |Pasir Gudang | N42 || Johor Jaya || Liow Cai Tung || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P160 |Johor Bahru | N45 || Stulang || Andrew Chen Kah Eng || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- |P161 |Pulai | N46 || Perling || Liew Chin Tong || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- |P162 |Iskandar Puteri | N48 || Skudai || Marina Ibrahim || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" |P163 | rowspan="2" |Kulai | N51 || Bukit Batu || Arthur Chiong Sen Sern|| bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR |- | N52 || Senai || Wong Bor Yang || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP |- | rowspan="2" | {{Flag|Sabah}} |P181 |Tenom | N42 || Melalap || Jamawi Ja'afar || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | colspan=3| — || Nominated member || Grace Lee Li Mei || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| ||PKR |- | rowspan=2| {{Flag|Sarawak}} | rowspan="2" |P195 | rowspan="2" |Bandar Kuching | N09 || Padungan || Chong Chieng Jen|| bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | N10 || Pending || Violet Yong Wui Wui || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| ||DAP |- | Total | colspan="7" |{{small|'''Perlis''' (1), '''Kedah''' (3), '''Kelantan''' (1), '''Penang''' (27), '''Perak''' (24), '''Pahang''' (10), '''Selangor''' (32), '''Negeri Sembilan''' (17), '''Malacca''' (5), '''Johor''' (13), '''Sabah''' (2), '''Sarawak''' (2)}} |}
== Government offices == === Ministerial posts === {| class="sortable wikitable" ! style="width:360px;" |Portfolio ! style="width:180px;" |Office Bearer ! colspan="2" style="width:84px;" |Party ! style="width:150px;" |Constituency |- |Prime Minister Minister of Finance |Dato' Seri '''Anwar Ibrahim''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Tambun |- |Minister of Transport |'''Loke Siew Fook''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Seremban |- |Minister of Agriculture and Food Security |Datuk Seri '''Mohamad Sabu''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |AMANAH |Kota Raja |- |Minister of Housing and Local Government |'''Nga Kor Ming''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Teluk Intan |- |Minister of Home Affairs |Senator Datuk Seri '''Saifuddin Nasution Ismail''' | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |''Senator'' |- |Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation |Datuk '''Chang Lih Kang''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Tanjong Malim |- |Minister of Communications |Dato' '''Ahmad Fahmi Mohamed Fadzil''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Lembah Pantai |- |Minister of Education |'''Fadhlina Sidek''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Nibong Tebal |- |Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Federal Territories) |'''Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Segambut |- |Minister of Digital |'''Gobind Singh Deo''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Damansara |- |Minister of Health |Datuk Seri Dr. '''Dzulkefly Ahmad''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |AMANAH |Kuala Selangor |- |Minister of Entrepreneur and Cooperative Development |'''Steven Sim Chee Keong''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Bukit Mertajam |- |Minister of Human Resources |Dato' Sri '''Ramanan Ramakrishnan''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Sungai Buloh |- |Minister of Economy |'''Akmal Nasrullah Mohd Nasir''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Johor Bahru |- |Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Sabah and Sarawak Affairs) |Datuk Ts. '''Mustapha Sakmud''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Sepanggar |- |Minister of Youth and Sports |Dr. '''Mohammed Taufiq Johari''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Sungai Petani |} {| class="sortable wikitable" ! style="width:360px;" |Portfolio ! style="width:180px;" |Office Bearer ! colspan="2" style="width:84px;" |Party ! style="width:150px;" |Constituency |- |Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Food Security |Datuk '''Chan Foong Hin''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Kota Kinabalu |- |Deputy Minister of Defence |'''Adly Zahari''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} {{post-nominals|post-noms=MLA}} | bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |AMANAH |Alor Gajah |- |Deputy Minister of Finance |'''Liew Chin Tong''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Iskandar Puteri |- |Deputy Minister of Housing and Local Government |Datuk '''Aiman Athirah Sabu''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |AMANAH |Sepang |- |Deputy Minister of Domestic Trade and Costs of Living |Senator '''Fuziah Salleh''' | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |''Senator'' |- |Deputy Minister of Communications |'''Teo Nie Ching''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Kulai |- |Deputy Minister of Women, Family and Community Development |'''Lim Hui Ying''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Tanjong |- |Deputy Minister of Higher Education |'''Adam Adli Abdul Halim''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Hang Tuah Jaya |- |Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Law and Institutional Reform) |'''Kulasegaran Murugeson''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Ipoh Barat |- |Deputy Minister of Education |'''Wong Kah Woh''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Taiping |- |Deputy Minister of Investment, Trade and Industry |'''Sim Tze Tzin''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Bayan Baru |- |Deputy Minister of National Unity |'''Yuneswaran Ramaraj''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Segamat |- |Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability |'''Syed Ibrahim Syed Noh''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Ledang |- |Deputy Minister of Youth and Sports |'''Mordi Bimol''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Mas Gading |- |Deputy Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture |'''Chiew Choon Man''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Miri |}
=== State governments === Pakatan Harapan forms the state governments of Pahang, Perak, Melaka and Johor in coalition with Barisan Nasional, and the state government of Sabah in coalition with Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, following the formation of the federal unity government (''Kerajaan Perpaduan'') in the aftermath of the 15th general election of November 2022.
* '''Selangor''' ('''2015–present''') * '''Penang''' ('''2015–present''') * '''Negeri Sembilan''' ('''2018–present''') * '''Perak''' ('''2018–2020''''', 2022–present'') * '''Malacca''' ('''2018–2020''''', 2022–present'') * '''Pahang''' (''2022–present'') * '''Sabah''' (''2018–2020, 2022–present'') * '''Kedah''' ('''2018–2020,''' ''2020''<ref>Pakatan Harapan supported the leadership of Mukhriz Mahathir. His party BERSATU left PH on February, but he did not support Perikatan Nasional federal government. This arrangement was toppled on May by BERSATU members and other MLAs defecting from PH who agreed to form Perikatan Nasional government led by PAS.</ref>) * '''Johor''' ('''2018–2020''''', 2022–present'')
Note: '''bold''' as Menteri Besar/Chief Minister, ''italic'' as junior partner
{{Main|State legislative assemblies of Malaysia}} {| class ="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width:120px;"| State ! style="width:90px;"| Leader type ! style="width:180px;"|Member ! style="width:84px;" colspan=2|Party ! style="width:150px;"|State Constituency
|- | {{Flag|Negeri Sembilan}} | Menteri Besar | Aminuddin Harun | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| |PKR | Sikamat |- | {{Flag|Penang}} | Chief Minister | Chow Kon Yeow | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| |DAP | Padang Kota |- | {{Flag|Selangor}} | Menteri Besar | Amirudin Shari | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| |PKR | Sungai Tua |}
{| class ="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width:120px;"| State ! style="width:90px;"| Leader type ! style="width:180px;"|Member ! style="width:84px;" colspan=2|Party ! style="width:150px;"|State Constituency
|- | {{Flag|Penang}} | Deputy Chief Minister I | Mohamad Abdul Hamid | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}"| |PKR | Batu Maung |- | {{Flag|Penang}} | Deputy Chief Minister II | Jagdeep Singh Deo | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}"| |DAP | Datok Keramat |}
=== Legislative leadership === {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! style="width:360px;" |Portfolio ! style="width:180px;" |Office Bearer ! colspan="2" style="width:84px;" |Party ! style="width:150px;" |Constituency
|- |Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat |Tan Sri Dato' '''Johari Abdul''' | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Non-MP |- |Deputy Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat |'''Alice Lau Kiong Yeng''' {{post-nominals|post-noms=MP}} | bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Lanang |}
{| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width:120px;"| State ! style="width:90px;"| Leader type ! style="width:180px;"|Member ! style="width:84px;" colspan=2|Party ! style="width:150px;"|State Constituency |- | {{Flag|Malacca}} ||Deputy Speaker || Kerk Chee Yee || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP || Ayer Keroh |- | {{Flag|Negeri Sembilan}} ||Speaker || Mk Ibrahim Abdul Rahman || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||AMANAH || Non-MLA |- | {{Flag|Pahang}} ||Deputy Speaker || Lee Chin Chen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP || Bilut |- | {{Flag|Penang}} || Speaker || Law Choo Kiang || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR || Non-MLA |- | {{Flag|Penang}} ||Deputy Speaker || Azrul Mahathir Aziz || bgcolor="{{National Trust Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||AMANAH || Bayan Lepas |- | {{Flag|Perak}} || Deputy Speaker || Jenny Choy Tsi Jen || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP || Canning |- | {{Flag|Selangor}} || Speaker || Lau Weng San || bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | ||DAP || Non-MLA |- | {{Flag|Selangor}} || Deputy Speaker || Mohd Kamri Kamaruddin || bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | ||PKR || Bukit Antarabangsa |}
=== Official opposition === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="width:120px;" |State ! style="width:90px;" |Leader type ! style="width:180px;" |Member ! colspan="2" style="width:84px;" |Party ! style="width:150px;" |State Constituency |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Johor}} |Balancing Force Leader |Andrew Chen Kah Eng|| bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Stulang |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Kedah}} |Opposition Leader |Bau Wong Bau Ek | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Sidam |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Perlis}} |Opposition Leader |Gan Ay Ling | bgcolor="{{People's Justice Party (Malaysia)/meta/shading}}" | |PKR |Indera Kayangan |- | align="left" |{{Flag|Sarawak}} |Opposition Leader |Chong Chieng Jen|| bgcolor="{{Democratic Action Party/meta/shading}}" | |DAP |Padungan |}
== Election results == === General election results === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Election ! Total seats won ! Seats contested ! Total votes ! Voting Percentage ! Outcome of election ! Election leader |- !2018 | {{Composition bar|122|222|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} | 222<!--Batu Sapi=AMANAH+WARISAN while Julau=Ind (for Larry Soon) Batu=Ind (for P parabakaran)--> | 5,615,822 | 45.56% | {{increase}}53 seats; '''Governing coalition''' (2018–2020) <br> later '''Opposition coalition''' (2020–2022) | Mahathir Mohamad |- !2022 |{{Composition bar|82|222|hex={{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}}} | 220<!--Except Julau and Kinabatangan--> | 5,801,327 | 37.46% | {{decrease}}40 seats; '''Governing coalition''' with Barisan Nasional, Gabungan Parti Sarawak, Gabungan Rakyat Sabah and Parti Warisan |Anwar Ibrahim |}
=== State election results timeline === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:80%; text-align:center" !Year !{{flagicon|Malaysia}} DR ! class="unsortable" | !{{flagicon|Sabah}} Sbh !{{flagicon|Sarawak}} Swk !{{flagicon|Perlis}} Pls !{{flagicon|Kedah}} Kdh !{{flagicon|Kelantan}} Ktn !{{flagicon|Terengganu}} Tgu !{{flagicon|Penang}} Png !{{flagicon|Perak}} Prk !{{flagicon|Pahang}} Phg !{{flagicon|Selangor}} Sgr !{{flagicon|Negeri Sembilan}} NS !{{flagicon|Malacca}} Mlk !{{flagicon|Johor}} Jhr |- !2015 | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="12" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="d7282f" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="d7282f" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Malaysian Islamic Party}}|border=white}} | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" | |- !2016 | rowspan="5" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |'''10/82''' |- !2017 |- !2018 | bgcolor="d7282f" |'''{{white|113/222}}''' | bgcolor="d7282f" |'''{{white|8/60}}''' | rowspan="4" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |'''3/15''' | bgcolor="d7282f" |'''{{white|18/36}}''' | rowspan="2" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |0/45 | rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top" |'''0/32''' | bgcolor="d7282f" |'''{{white|37/40}}''' | bgcolor="d7282f" |'''{{white|29/59}}''' | rowspan="4" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |'''9/42''' | bgcolor="d7282f" |'''{{white|51/56}}''' | bgcolor="d7282f" |'''{{white|20/36}}''' | bgcolor="d7282f" |'''{{white|15/28}}''' | bgcolor="d7282f" |'''{{white|36/56}}''' |- !2019 | bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Heritage Party (Malaysia)}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation}}|border=white}} | bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Heritage Party (Malaysia)}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation}}|border=white}} | bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} | rowspan="4" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} | bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} | rowspan="4" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} | rowspan="4" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} | bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} | bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} |- !2020 | rowspan="2" bgcolor="fababd" style="border-top-style:hidden" | | rowspan="2" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} 9/73 | rowspan="3" bgcolor="fababd" style="border-top-style:hidden" | | rowspan="3" style="border-top-style:hidden" | | rowspan="2" bgcolor="fababd" style="border-top-style:hidden" | | bgcolor="fababd" style="border-top-style:hidden" | | rowspan="2" bgcolor="fababd" style="border-top-style:hidden" | |- !2021 | rowspan="5" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} 2/82 | rowspan="2" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} 5/28 |- !2022 | bgcolor="d7282f" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} {{white|82/222}} | rowspan="3" bgcolor="d7282f" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Gabungan Rakyat Sabah}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Social Democratic Harmony Party}}|border=white}} | rowspan="5" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} 1/15 | bgcolor="d7282f" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} {{white|24/59}} | bgcolor="d7282f" |{{decrease}} {{white|8/42}} | rowspan="5" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} 12/56 |- !2023 | rowspan="4" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Gabungan Parti Sarawak}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Gabungan Rakyat Sabah}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Heritage Party (Malaysia)}}|border=white}} {{Colour box|{{party color|United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Homeland Solidarity Party}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Social Democratic Harmony Party}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Parti Bangsa Malaysia}}|border=white}} | rowspan="4" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} 3/36 | rowspan="4" bgcolor="fababd" style="vertical-align:top" |{{Increase}} '''1/45''' | rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top" |{{steady}} '''0/32''' | bgcolor="d7282f" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} {{white|27/40}} | rowspan="4" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} | rowspan="4" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} | bgcolor="d7282f" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} {{white|32/56}} | bgcolor="d7282f" style="vertical-align:top" |{{decrease}} {{white|17/36}} | rowspan="3" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}} |- !2024 | rowspan="3" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|border=white}} | rowspan="3" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|border=white}} | rowspan="3" bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|border=white}} |- !2025 | bgcolor="d7282f" |{{decrease}} {{white|1/73}} |- !2026 | bgcolor="d7282f" style="border-top-style:hidden" |{{Colour box|{{party color|Gabungan Rakyat Sabah}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Homeland Solidarity Party}}|border=white}}{{Colour box|{{party color|Social Democratic Harmony Party}}|border=white}} |''TBD'' |''TBD'' |- !Year !{{flagicon|Malaysia}} DR ! class="unsortable" | !{{flagicon|Sabah}} Sbh !{{flagicon|Sarawak}} Swk !{{flagicon|Perlis}} Pls !{{flagicon|Kedah}} Kdh !{{flagicon|Kelantan}} Ktn !{{flagicon|Terengganu}} Tgu !{{flagicon|Penang}} Png !{{flagicon|Perak}} Prk !{{flagicon|Pahang}} Phg !{{flagicon|Selangor}} Sgr !{{flagicon|Negeri Sembilan}} NS !{{flagicon|Malacca}} Mlk !{{flagicon|Johor}} Jhr |- | colspan="16" align="left" |'''Bold''' indicates best result to date. {{Colour box|{{Pakatan Harapan/meta/shading}}|border=silver}} Present in legislature (in opposition)
{{Colour box|{{party color|Pakatan Harapan}}|border=silver}} Coalition partner |}
==See also== * Politics of Malaysia * List of political parties in Malaysia
== Notes == {{notefoot}}
== References == {{reflist|2}} {{Pakatan Harapan}} {{Political parties in Malaysia}}
Category:Political party alliances in Malaysia Category:2015 establishments in Malaysia Category:Political parties established in 2015 Category:Multiracialist parties in Malaysia