Alkmaar-class minehunter

{{short description|Ship class of the Dutch navy}} {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image= M 853 Haarlem Bergen Norway 2009 2.JPG |image_caption=''Haarlem'' }}

|section2={{Infobox ship/class overview | name = ''Alkmaar'' class | builders = Van der Giessen-De Noord, Alblasserdam | operators = * ''Initial'' ** {{navy|Netherlands}} * ''Export'' ** {{navy|Bulgaria}} ** {{navy|Latvia}} ** {{navy|Pakistan}} ** {{navy|Ukraine}} | class_before = {{sclass|Dokkum|minesweeper|4}} | class_after = ''Vlissingen'' class | subclasses = | cost = 1.3 billion Dutch guilders | built_range = 1979–1989 | in_commission_range = 1983–present | total_ships_building = | total_ships_planned = 15 | total_ships_completed = 15 | total_ships_canceled = | total_ships_active = 14 | total_ships_laid_up = 1 | total_ships_lost = | total_ships_retired = | total_ships_scrapped = | total_ships_preserved = }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics | hide_header = | header_caption = <ref name="Amstel80">van Amstel (1991), p. 80.</ref><ref name="Woudstra156">Woudstra (1982), p. 156.</ref> | type = Minehunter | displacement = {{cvt|510|t|LT|lk=on}} | length = {{cvt|49.10|m|ftin}} | beam = {{cvt|8.90|m|ftin}} | height = | draught = {{cvt|2.45|m|ftin}} | decks = | deck_clearance = | ramps = | ice_class = | power = | propulsion = *2 screws *{{cvt|1400|kW}} *Brons-Werkspoor A-RUB 215 V12 diesel engine *Bow thrusters | speed = {{convert|15|kn}} | range = {{cvt|3000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|12|kn}} | endurance = | boats = 2 × PAP 104 | capacity = | troops = | complement = | crew = 22–34 | time_to_activate = | sensors = *1 × DUBM 21B sonar *1 × Racal Decca 1229 radar *EVEC plotting system | EW = | armament = *1 × 20 mm gun | armour = | aircraft = | aircraft_facilities = | notes = }} }}

The '''''Alkmaar'' class''' is a ship class of fifteen minehunters that were built in the Netherlands for the Royal Netherlands Navy.<ref>Raven (1988), p. 185.</ref><ref name="Schoonoord320">Schoonoord (2012), p. 320.</ref> They are based on the design of the {{sclass2|Tripartite|minehunter|4}}, which was developed by a collaborative effort between the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and replaced the minesweepers and minehunters of the {{sclass|Dokkum|minesweeper|4}}.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=10 August 1981|title= Mijnenjager Delfzijl |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011008357:mpeg21:a0260 |work= Nieuwsblad van het Noorden | language=Dutch|location= |access-date=}}</ref><ref name="Raven141">Raven (1988), p. 141.</ref><ref>Schoonoord (2012), pp. 202–203.</ref>

==Design and construction== In 1975 the Netherlands, Belgium and France signed an agreement to develop a new mine countermeasures vessel together.<ref name="ND17051982">{{cite news |author= |date=17 May 1982|title= Koningin doopt eerste van nieuw type mijnenbestrijder |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010627766:mpeg21:a0054 |work= Nederlands Dagblad | language=Dutch|location= |access-date=}}</ref> At the same time it was also decided that each country would contribute to the construction by being responsible for certain components and systems.<ref name="Raven141" /><ref name="ND30051983">{{cite news |author= |date=30 May 1983|title= Nieuwe mijnenbestrijder bij marine in gebruik |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010628469:mpeg21:a0042 |work= Nederlands Dagblad | language=Dutch|location= |access-date=}}</ref> As a result, the Netherlands was responsible for the main propulsion, the gearboxes and propellers.<ref name="ND30051983" /> France delivered the mine countermeasure and electronics systems, while Belgium build the remaining electronics and mechanic installations.<ref name="ND17051982" />

The construction of the ''Alkmaar'' class started in 1979 at the shipyard of Van der Giessen-De Noord in Alblasserdam.<ref name="Roetering148">Roetering (1997), p. 148.</ref> The ships were made from polyester, which required new construction methods in comparison to the previous mine countermeasure vessels that were built at the shipyard.<ref name="Amstel80" /><ref name="MS14032023">{{cite web |url=https://marineschepen.nl/schepen/alkmaar.html |title= Alkmaarklasse mijnenjagers |author= |date=14 March 2023 |website=Marineschepen.nl |language=Dutch}}</ref> As a result, Van der Giessen-De Noord invested 42 million Dutch guilders to build a new dedicated production hall that had a specific climate indoors and allowed serial construction in the same way as for aircraft production.<ref name="ND30051983" /><ref name="MS14032023" /><ref name="Woudstra151">Woudstra (1982), p. 151.</ref> Inside the production hall there was an assembly line that contained four stations, with each ship staying around 21 weeks at a station before moving to the next.<ref name="Knoop10091983">{{cite news |author= Henk Knoop |date=10 September 1983|title= In schone "kraamkamer" bouwt jonge ploeg vijftien polyester marineschepen: Oude werf levert modernste mijnenjagers |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011205697:mpeg21:a0979 |work= De Telegraaf | language=Dutch|location= |access-date=}}</ref> Besides a new hall and tools, the shipyard also had to train personnel to be able to handle fiberglass and fiberglass sheets, which were used to construct the polyester ships.<ref name="Knoop10091983" /> The construction of the 15 minehunters are estimated to have cost a total of 1.3 billion Dutch guilders.<ref name="Roetering148" />

===Mine countermeasure systems=== To hunt mines the ''Alkmaar'' class was equipped with the French DUBM 21B sonar, which was used to detect and classify mines, a Racal Decca 1229 radar and an EVEC plotting system.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2021/netherlands-agrees-possible-transfer-of-m-class-frigates-and-alkmaar-class-minehunter-to-greece |title= Netherlands agrees possible transfer of 2 M-Class frigates and 6 Alkmaar-class Minehunters to Greece |author= |date= 31 October 2021|website= Navy Recognition |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref name="Roetering148" /> The sonar had a range of almost one kilometer and allowed the ship to search for mines up to a depth of 80 meters underwater.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=18 February 1984|title= Vaten landbouwgif nog niet boven water |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010820235:mpeg21:a0373 |work= Trouw | language=Dutch|location= |access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= Henk Knoop |date=22 November 1984|title= Geheim Russisch wapen gesnapt in volle zee |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011206026:mpeg21:a0298 |work= De Telegraaf | language=Dutch|location= |access-date=}}</ref> In addition, each ship was equipped with two Poisson Auto-Propulsé (PAP) type 104 submarine drones that were used for mine disposal.<ref name="Raven140">Raven (1988), p. 140.</ref><ref name="Roetering148" /> This PAP 104 wire guided drone had a television camera aboard for observation and could be fitted out with explosives to destroy mines from a safe distance.<ref name="Raven140"/><ref>Woudstra (1982), pp. 146-147.</ref>

===Armament=== The ''Alkmaar'' class had as armament a single 20 mm machine gun.<ref name="Amstel80" /><ref name="Woudstra156" />

===Propulsion=== The minehunters of the ''Alkmaar'' class are equipped with a Brons-Werkspoor A-RUB 215 V12 diesel engine that can produce 1900 bhp.<ref name="GCB1995283">Gardiner, Chumbley and Budzbon (1995), p. 283.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine | author=  |date=1983 |title= The XVth CIMAC and Rudolf Diesel |magazine=Schip en Werf |volume=50|issue=12|location=Rotterdam |publisher=Wyt & Zonen |pages=151-152}}</ref> This non magnetic diesel engine was produced by Brons-Industrie and a development of the earlier Werkspoor RUB 215 diesel engine.<ref>Wesselo (1985), p. 175.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.rdm-archief.nl/RDM-NB/320-S&W-VanDenPol.pdf |title= A Meditation on the Diesel engine in relation to the Royal Netherlands Navy |author= E. van den Pol |date=1981|website= RDM-archief |publisher= Schip en Werf |pages=177-178}}</ref> The Brons-Werkspoor A-RUB 215 V12 diesel engine can drive the two active screws of the minehunters to a maximum speed of 15 knots.<ref name="GCB1995283" /> Besides the two screws, the minehunters also have bow thrusters.<ref name="GCB1995283" />

==Service history== Between 1987 and 1989 ''Maassluis'', ''Hellevoetsluis'' and ''Urk'' were active in the Persian Gulf as part of a Western European Union (WEU) mine clearing operation and placed under Belgian command.<ref>Schoonoord (2012), p. 245.</ref>

In 1990 ''Alkmaar'' and ''Zierikzee'' took part in the exercise ''Safe Pass'' at the west coast of America.<ref>Roetering (1997), p.153.</ref>

In 2024 ''Willemstad'', ''Makkum'' and ''Zierikzee'' took part in BALTOPS alongside other naval ships of the Royal Netherlands Navy.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://swzmaritime.nl/news/2024/06/12/seven-dutch-naval-vessels-partake-in-nato-exercise/ |title= Seven Dutch naval vessels partake in NATO exercise |author= Mariska Buitendijk |date=12 June 2024|website= SWZ|Maritime }}</ref>

==Ships in class== The ships of the ''Alkmaar'' class are named after medium-sized Dutch municipalities that played a role in the Eighty Years' War and can also be accessed by these ships.<ref name="Woudstra156" /><ref>{{cite news |author= |date=28 February 1983|title= Op werf in Alblasserdam:Mijnenvegers Delfzijl en Dordrecht gedoopt |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011010647:mpeg21:a0041 |work= Nieuwsblad van het Noorden | language=Dutch|location= |access-date=}}</ref> {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |- |+''Alkmaar'' class construction data<ref name="Amstel8081">van Amstel (1991), pp. 80-81.</ref><ref name="Schoonoord320" /> |- ! scope="col" | Pennant no. ! scope="col" | Name ! scope="col" | Builder ! scope="col" | {{nowrap|Laid down}} ! scope="col" | Launched ! scope="col" | Commissioned ! scope="col" | Decommissioned ! scope="col" | Fate |- ! scope="row" | M 850 | {{HNLMS|Alkmaar|M850|2}} | rowspan=15 align=left| Van der Giessen-De Noord <br> Alblasserdam, Netherlands | 30 January 1979 | 2 May 1982 | 28 May 1983 | 2000 | Sold to Latvia in 2005<ref name="MS14032023" /> |- ! scope="row" | M 851 | {{HNLMS|Delfzijl|M851|2}} | 29 May 1980 | 30 October 1982 | 17 August 1983 | 2000 | Sold to Latvia in 2005<ref name="MS14032023" /> |- ! scope="row" | M 852 | {{HNLMS|Dordrecht|M852|2}} | 5 January 1981 | 18 February 1983 | 16 November 1983 | 2000 | Sold to Latvia in 2005<ref name="MS14032023" /> |- ! scope="row" | M 853 | {{HNLMS|Haarlem|M853|2}} | 16 June 1981 | 6 May 1983 | 12 January 1984 | 2011 | Sold to Pakistan in June 2021<ref name="Karremann6102022">{{cite web |url=https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Verkochte-mijnenjagers-Haarlem-en-Middelburg-onderweg-naar-Pakistan-061022.html |title= Verkochte mijnenjagers Haarlem en Middelburg onderweg naar Pakistan |author= Jaime Karremann |date=6 October 2022 |website= Marineschepen.nl |language=Dutch}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | M 854 | {{HNLMS|Harlingen|M854|2}} | 30 November 1981 | 1 July 1983 | 12 April 1984 | 2000 | Sold to Latvia in 2005<ref name="RD632007Har" /> |- ! scope="row" | M 855 | {{HNLMS|Scheveningen|M855|2}} | 24 May 1982 | 2 December 1983 | 18 July 1984 | 2002 | Sold to Latvia in 2005<ref name="MS14032023" /> |- ! scope="row" | M 856 | {{HNLMS|Maassluis|M856|2}} | 7 November 1982 | 27 April 1984 | 12 December 1984 | 2011 | Sold to Bulgaria in 2019<ref name="JKMS792020">{{cite web |url=https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Bulgarije-koopt-twee-Nederlandse-mijnenjagers-111119.html |title= Bulgarije koopt twee Nederlandse mijnenjagers |author= Jaime Karremann |date=11 November 2019 |website= Marineschepen.nl |language=Dutch}}</ref><ref name="Karremann7092020">{{cite web |url=https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Oude-mijnenjagers-onderweg-naar-Bulgarije-070920.html |title= Verkochte mijnenjagers onderweg naar Bulgarije |author= Jaime Karremann |date=7 September 2020 |website= Marineschepen.nl |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | M 857 | {{HNLMS|Makkum|M857|2}} | 28 February 1983 | 27 September 1984 | 8 May 1985 | 25 November 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Mijnenjager-Makkum-maandag-uit-dienst-221124.html|title=Oudste Nederlandse marineschip maandag uit dienst|first=Tobias|last=Kappelle|website=Marineschepen.nl}}</ref> | Pledged to Ukraine in 2024,<ref>{{cite web |author=Mariska Buitendijk |date=28 November 2024 |title=Royal Netherlands Navy decommissions minehunter Makkum |url=https://swzmaritime.nl/news/2024/11/28/royal-netherlands-navy-decommissions-minehunter-makkum/ |website=SWZ|Maritime}}</ref> donated to Ukraine in 2025, renamed ''Henichesk''<ref name="navalnewsjune2025"/> |- ! scope="row" | M 858 | {{HNLMS|Middelburg|M858|2}} | 11 July 1983 | 18 February 1985 | 10 December 1986 | 2011 | Sold to Pakistan in June 2021<ref name="Karremann6102022" /> |- ! scope="row" | M 859 | {{HNLMS|Hellevoetsluis|M859|2}} | 12 December 1983 | 18 July 1985 | 20 February 1987 | 2011 | Sold to Bulgaria in 2019<ref name="NR15112019">{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-naval-defense/naval-defense-2019/netherlands-sold-2-tripartite-class-mine-hunter-to-bulgaria |title= Netherlands sold 2 Tripartite class mine hunter to Bulgaria |author= |date=15 November 2019 |website= Navy Recognition |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref name="Karremann7092020" /> |- ! scope="row" | M 860 | {{HNLMS|Schiedam|M860|2}} | 7 May 1984 | 12 December 1985 | 9 July 1986 | | To be donated to Bulgaria 2027-2028<ref name="donatedtobulgaria"/> |- ! scope="row" | M 861 | {{HNLMS|Urk|M861|2}} | 1 October 1984 | 2 May 1986 | 10 December 1986 | 22 June 2022<ref>{{cite web |url=https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Urk-eind-juni-uit-dienst-070622.html |title= Mijnenjager Zr.Ms. Urk wordt eind juni uit dienst gesteld |author= Jaime Karremann |date=7 June 2022 |website= Marineschepen.nl |language=Dutch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://swzmaritime.nl/news/2022/06/27/royal-netherlands-navy-decommissions-minehunter-hnlms-urk/ |title= Royal Netherlands Navy decommissions minehunter HNLMS Urk |author= Mariska Buitendijk |date= June 27, 2022 |publisher= SWZMaritime }}</ref> | |- ! scope="row" | M 862 | {{HNLMS|Zierikzee|M862|2}} | 25 February 1985 | 1 October 1986 | 7 May 1987 | | To be donated to Bulgaria 2027-2028<ref name="donatedtobulgaria"/> |- ! scope="row" | M 863 | {{HNLMS|Vlaardingen|M863|2}} | 5 May 1986 | 6 August 1988 | 15 March 1989 | 27 March 2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/mijnenjager-Vlaardingen-uit-dienst-gesteld-Makkum-later-dit-jaar-270324.html |title= Mijnenjager Vlaardingen uit dienst, Makkum later dit jaar |author= Jaime Karremann |date=27 March 2024|website=Marineschepen.nl|language=Dutch}}</ref> | Pledged to Ukraine in 2024,<ref>{{cite web |author=Tomasz Grotnik |date=13 December 2024 |title=Ukrainian sailors complete training on ex-Dutch minehunter |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/12/ukrainian-sailors-complete-training-on-ex-dutch-minehunter/ |website=Naval News}}</ref> donated to Ukraine in 2025, renamed ''Melitopol''<ref name="navalnewsjune2025"/> |- ! scope="row" | M 864 | {{HNLMS|Willemstad|M864|2}} | 6 October 1986 | 27 January 1989 | 20 September 1989 | | To be donated to Bulgaria 2027-2028<ref name="donatedtobulgaria"/> |}

==Export== ===Bulgaria=== In 2019 two ''Alkmaar''-class minehunters, ''Maassluis'' and ''Hellevoetsluis'', were sold to Bulgaria for a total amount of 1.996 million euro excluding VAT.<ref name="NR15112019" /><ref name="JKMS792020" /> These minehunters had previously been taken out of service in 2011 as a result of austerity measures.<ref name="JKMS792020" />

On 15 September 2025 it was announced by the Dutch State Secretary of Defence that another three ''Alkmaar''-class minehunters will be transferred to the Bulgarian Navy.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mariska Buitendijk |date=17 September 2025 |title=Netherlands and Belgium to transfer minehunters to Bulgaria |url=https://swzmaritime.nl/news/2025/09/17/netherlands-and-belgium-to-transfer-minehunters-to-bulgaria/ |website=SWZ|Maritime}}</ref> The three minehunters that will be handed over will include ''Willemstad'', ''Schiedam'' and ''Zierikzee''.<ref name="donatedtobulgaria">{{cite web |author= |date=22 September 2025 |title=Opnieuw mijnenjagers naar Bulgarije |url=https://www.maritiemdenhelder.eu/22-9-2025-opnieuw-mijnenjagers-naar-bulgarije/ |website=Maritiem Den Helder |language=Dutch}}</ref>

===Latvia=== In July 2005 it was announced that Latvia will buy five ''Alkmaar''-class minehunters from the Royal Netherlands Navy for 57 million euro.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=22 July 2005 |title=Letland koopt Nederlandse mijnenjagers |url=https://www.nu.nl/economie/562780/letland-koopt-nederlandse-mijnenjagers.html |website=NU.nl |language=Dutch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= |date=22 July 2005 |title=Vijf mijnenvegers naar Letland |url=https://www.blikopnieuws.nl/211728/vijf-mijnenvegers-naar-letland.html |website=Blik Op Nieuws |language=Dutch}}</ref> The minehunters that will be sold consisted of the ''Alkmaar'', ''Delfzijl'', ''Dordrecht'', ''Harlingen'' and ''Scheveningen''.<ref name="Saunders2015499">Saunders (2015), p. 499.</ref> All five had already been withdrawn from service in the RNLN at the time of their sale, with the first three having been withdrawn in 2000, while the latter two had been withdrawn in 2003.<ref name="Saunders2015499" /> The minehunters will be overhauled before being handed over to the Latvian Navy within the next three years.<ref name="PZC2372005">{{cite web |author= |date=23 July 2005 |title=Nederlandse mijnenjagers verkocht |url=https://krantenbankzeeland.nl/issue/pzc/2005-07-23/edition/null/page/3 |work=Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant |language=Dutch}}</ref><ref name="RD632007Har">{{cite web |author= |date=6 March 2007 |title=Mijnenjager Harlingen overgedragen aan Letland |url=https://www.rd.nl/artikel/186509-mijnenjager-harlingen-overgedragen-aan-letland |work=Reformatorisch Dagblad |language=Dutch}}</ref>

''Harlingen'' was the first minehunter to be handed over to the Latvian Navy on 6 March 2007 and subsequently renamed ''Imanta''.<ref name="RD632007Har" /> She was followed by ''Scheveningen'' on 5 September 2007, which was renamed ''Viesters''.<ref name="Saunders2009480">Saunders (2009), p. 480.</ref> ''Dordrecht'' was handed over in January 2008 and renamed ''Tālivaldis''.<ref name="Saunders2009480" /> A few months later, in October 2008, ''Delfzijn'' was transferred and renamed ''Visvaldis''.<ref name="Saunders2009480" /> In June 2009 the last minehunter, ''Alkmaar'', was handed over and renamed ''Rūsiņš''.<ref name="Saunders2009480" /> While ''Rūsiņš'' was handed over in June 2009, she entered Latvian service in 2011.<ref name="Saunders2015499">Saunders (2015), p. 499.</ref>

===Ukraine=== In March 2023 it was reported that the Netherlands would donate two ''Alkmaar''-class minehunters to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2467442-nederland-belooft-oekraine-mijnenjagers-droneradars-en-brugslagvaartuig |title= Nederland belooft Oekraïne mijnenjagers, droneradars en brugslagvaartuig |author= |date=14 March 2023|website= NOS |language=Dutch |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defensie.nl/onderwerpen/oostflank-navo-gebied/militaire-steun-aan-oekraine |title= Militaire steun aan Oekraïne |author= |date=|website= Ministerie van Defensie |language=Dutch |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> The transfer of these ships would most likely start from 2025.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nu.nl/spanningen-oekraine/6255266/nederland-levert-mijnenjagers-en-ander-militair-materiaal-aan-oekraine.html |title= Nederland levert mijnenjagers en ander militair materiaal aan Oekraïne |author= |date=14 March 2023|website= NU.nl |language=Dutch |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://marineschepen.nl/nieuws/Mijnenjagers-worden-geschonken-aan-Oekraine-140323.html |title= Nederland gaat mijnenjagers aan Oekraïne schenken |author= Jaime Karremann |date=14 March 2023|website= Marineschepen.nl |language=Dutch |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref>

In June 2025 ''Vlaardingen'' was donated to the Ukrainian Navy and renamed ''Melitopol''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mariska Buitendijk |date=30 June 2025 |title=First Belgian and Dutch minehunter donated to Ukraine |url=https://swzmaritime.nl/news/2025/06/30/first-belgian-and-dutch-minehunters-donated-to-ukraine/ |website=SWZ|Maritime}}</ref> A second ''Alkmaar''-class minehunter, HNLMS ''Makkum'' was to be donated to Ukrainian Navy later in 2025, and was to be renamed to ''Henichesk''.<ref name="navalnewsjune2025">{{cite web |url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/06/belgium-and-the-netherlands-transfer-mcm-vessels-to-ukraine/ |title=Belgium and the Netherlands transfer MCM vessels to Ukraine |date= 26 June 2025 |publisher= Naval News }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Evert Brouwer |date=16 July 2025 |title=Zr.Ms. Vlaardingen krijgt nieuw leven als Melitopol |url=https://magazines.defensie.nl/allehens/2025/06/06_mijnenjagers-voor-oekraine |work=Alle Hens |publisher=Defensie.nl |language=Dutch}}</ref>

==See also==

'''Equivalent minehunters of the same era''' * {{sclass|Avenger|mine countermeasures ship|4}} * {{sclass|Sandown|minehunter|4}} * {{sclass|Frankenthal|minehunter|4}} * {{sclass|Landsort|mine countermeasures vessel|4}} * Type 082 * {{sclass|Lerici|minehunter|4}}

==Notes==

===Citations=== {{reflist}}

==References== *{{cite book |editor-last=Raven |editor-first=G.J.A. |date=1988 |title=De kroon op het anker: 175 jaar Koninklijke Marine |language=Dutch|edition= |url= |location=Amsterdam |publisher=De Bataafsche Leeuw |page= |isbn=90-6707-200-1}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Roetering |editor-first=B. |date=1997 |title=Mijnendienst 1907-1997 90 jaar: feiten, verhalen en anekdotes uit het negentigjarig bestaan van de Mijnendienst van de Koninklijke Marine |language=Dutch|edition= |url= |location= |publisher=Roetering|page= |isbn=90-90-10528-X}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Saunders |editor-first=Stephen |date= 2015 |title=IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016 |location=Coulsdon, Surrey |publisher= Janes Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-3143-5}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Saunders |editor-first=Stephen |date=2009 |title= Jane's Fighting Ships 2009-2010 | location=Coulsdon, Surrey |publisher= Janes Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-2888-6}} *{{cite book |last=Schoonoord |first=D.C.L. |date=2012 |title=Pugno pro patria: de Koninklijke Marine tijdens de Koude Oorlog |language=Dutch|edition= |url= |location=Franeker |publisher=Van Wijnen |page= |isbn=978-90-5194-455-6}} *{{cite book |last=van Amstel |first=W.H.E. |date=1991 |title=De schepen van de Koninklijke Marine vanaf 1945 |language=Dutch|edition= |url= |location=Alkmaar |publisher=De Alk |page= |isbn=90-6013-997-6}} *{{cite book |last=Woudstra |first=F.G.A. |date=1982 |title=Onze Koninklijke Marine |language=Dutch|edition= |url= |location=Alkmaar |publisher=De Alk |page= |isbn=90-6013-915-1}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Gardiner |editor-first1=Robert |editor-last2=Chumbley |editor-first2=Stephen |editor-last3=Budzbon |editor-first3=Przemysław |date=1995 |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995 |location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=1-55750-132-7}} *{{cite magazine |last=Wesselo |first=J.H. |date=1985 |title= Diesel engine developments in the Netherlands |magazine=Schip en Werf |volume=52|issue=11|location=Rotterdam |publisher=Wyt & Zonen |pages=175-176}}

Category:Alkmaar-class minehunters Category:Mine warfare vessel classes