Alfa Romeo 2000

{{About|series 102 Alfa Romeo 2000 (1958–1961)|Alfa Romeo 2000 Berlina (1971–1977)|Alfa Romeo 1750|Alfa Romeo 2000 GT Veloce|Alfa Romeo 105/115 Series Coupés|Alfa Romeo 2000 Spider Veloce|Alfa Romeo Spider}} {{Infobox automobile | name = Alfa Romeo 2000 | image = Alfa 2000 touring spider.JPG | caption = Alfa Romeo 2000 Spider Touring | manufacturer = [[Alfa Romeo]] | aka = | production = 1958–1962 | assembly = Italy: [[Portello (district of Milan)|Portello]] [[Alfa Romeo Portello Plant|Plant]], [[Milan]] (Berlina) | designer = [[Giorgetto Giugiaro]] at [[Gruppo Bertone|Bertone]] (Sprint)<br />[[Rodolfo Bonetto]] at [[Carrozzeria Touring|Touring]] (Spider) | class = | body_style = {{unbulleted list|4-door [[Sedan (car)|saloon]] (Berlina)|2-door [[convertible]] (Spider)|2-door [[coupé]] (Sprint)}} | layout = [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive]] | platform = | related = [[Alfa Romeo 2600]] | engine = 2.0 L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] | transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] | wheelbase = {{Unbulleted list | {{convert|2720|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Berlina) | {{convert|2500|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Spider) | {{convert|2580|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (Sprint) }} | length = {{convert|4710|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|4496|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|1700|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|1650|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|1430|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|1320|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} | weight = {{convert|1178|–|1337|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} | predecessor = [[Alfa Romeo 1900]] | successor = [[Alfa Romeo 2600]] | sp =uk }}

The '''Alfa Romeo 2000''' (officially known as ''Tipo 102'', Italian for ''Type 102'') is a [[luxury car]] produced by [[Italy|Italian]] car manufacturer [[Alfa Romeo]] between 1958 and 1962, as a successor to the [[Alfa Romeo 1900|1900 Super]]. It was replaced in 1962 by the [[Alfa Romeo 2600]].

==History== The 2000 was presented in 1957 at the [[Turin Motor Show]], with 4-door, 6-seater [[Sedan (car)|saloon]] ''Berlina'' body.<ref name="lastampa 1957">{{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,2/articleid,0063_01_1957_0257_0002_14095289/ |title=Diciannove automobili presentate in prima mondiale al Valentino |trans-title=Nineteen car world premieres at Valentino |date=29 October 1957 |page=2 |newspaper=[[La Stampa]] |language=IT |accessdate=30 March 2015}}</ref> Production started in 1958, and the car was available as Berlina or ''Spider'' [[convertible]]. In 1960, the ''Sprint'' [[coupé]] was added. The 2000 Berlina had gearbox operated via column-mounted shifter making space for three people in front. The two grand touring versions had the gear lever located in floor, and a higher output engine. Until 1961, when [[2+2 (car body style)|2+2]]-seater became available, the Spider was a pure two-seater.

The 2000 Spider looked somewhat different in the United States from other markets: on European cars, the bonnet scoops were mounted apart from each other, rather than together and separated by a chrome piece as on American-market cars. European cars also received twin chrome strips along the lower flanks, whereas US cars only have a single strip.<ref name=RMa>{{cite web | url = https://rmsothebys.com/en/auctions/az14/arizona/lots/r114-1962-alfa-romeo-2000-spider-by-touring/182215 | title = Lot number 34: 1962 Alfa Romeo 2000 Spider by Touring | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20190822041437/https://rmsothebys.com/en/auctions/az14/arizona/lots/r114-1962-alfa-romeo-2000-spider-by-touring/182215 | archivedate = 2019-08-22 | publisher = RM Auctions | work = Sotheby's Arizona | date = 2014-01-16 | type = Auction Catalogue }}</ref>

The 2000 Sprint was one of the first designs by [[Giorgetto Giugiaro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://petrolicious.com/articles/petrolicious-talks-episode-3-automotive-designer-fabrizio-giugiaro|title=Petrolicious Talks Episode 3: Automotive Designer, Fabrizio Giugiaro|website=petrolicious.com|date=9 June 2020 |access-date=24 January 2021}}</ref>

The last 2000s were built in 1962, when the more powerful [[Straight-six engine|six-cylinder]] [[Alfa Romeo 2600]] was phased in.

===2000 Sprint ''Praho''=== For the 1960 [[Turin Motor Show]], Touring presented a one-off coupé variant of the 2000. [[Carlo Felice Bianchi Anderloni]] of [[Carrozzeria Touring]] was asked by Alfa Romeo to create this showcar on the first chassis type 102.05, s/n 001. That same type would later underpin the production coupé version styled by Giugiaro. The car had ''Superleggera'' aluminium bodywork, four seats and sported quad headlamps.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.supercars.net/blog/1960-alfa-romeo-2000-praho/|title=1960 Alfa Romeo 2000 Praho|website=supercars.net|date=3 April 2016 |accessdate=16 January 2020}}</ref> Interior featured all the instruments grouped together in the centre console, inspired by aviation. The "Praho" name was derived from the name of the fishing boats popular in [[Thailand]] and affiliated with the cars concave rear window.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.automotivemasterpieces.com/1960alfaromeo2000sprintprahosnar1020500001.html|title=1960 Alfa Romeo 2000 Sprint Praho Touring|website=automotivemasterpieces.com|accessdate=16 January 2020|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919123902/https://www.automotivemasterpieces.com/1960alfaromeo2000sprintprahosnar1020500001.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The car remained the only example made and the Sprint production went to Bertone instead.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://drive-my.com/en/test-drive/item/1708-unique-alfa-romeo-2000-praho.html|title=Unique Alfa Romeo 2000 Praho|website=drive-my.com|date=8 July 2014 |accessdate=16 January 2020}}</ref> {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = left | width = 200 | header = | image1 = Rétromobile 2015 - Alfa Romeo Praho Touring - 1960 - 001.jpg | caption1 = | image2 = Rétromobile 2015 - Alfa Romeo Praho Touring - 1960 - 003.jpg | caption2 = | footer_align = | footer = 2000 Sprint ''Praho'' }} {{clear}}

==Specifications== The 2000 used [[unibody]] construction and a conventional [[front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout]]. The engine was an enlarged version of the [[Alfa Romeo 1900|1900]]´s [[Inline-four engine|inline-four]] displacing 1975 cc. The [[cast iron]] [[Engine block|block]] and [[aluminium]] [[Cylinder head|head]] engine produced {{convert|105|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5300 rpm in Berlina using a single downdraft [[Solex Carburetor|Solex]] [[carburettor]], while the version on the Sprint and Spider produced {{convert|115|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5700 rpm with two Solex sidedraft carburettors and a higher [[compression ratio]]. Two chain-driven [[overhead camshaft]]s operated two [[poppet valves]] per cylinder. Power was sent to the rear wheels through a 5-speed [[Manual transmission|gearbox]], with [[synchromesh]] on all forward speeds.

Front wheel suspension was [[Independent suspension|independent]], with [[Double wishbone suspension|double wishbones]], the rear used a [[Beam axle|solid axle]]. On all four wheels there were [[coil spring]]s and telescopic [[Shock absorber|dampers]]. Brakes were [[Drum brake|drums]], with a [[Hydraulic brake|hydraulic system]]. Tyres 165HR400 Pirelli Cinturato CA67

;Engines {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" |- ! Model ! Displacement ! Compr. ratio ! Power ! Top speed |- |'''Berlina'''||rowspan=2|1,975 cc||8.25:1||{{convert|105|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5300 rpm||{{convert|100|mph|0|disp=flip|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motorbase.com/vehicle/by-id/59/|title=Alfa Romeo 2000 |website=motorbase.com |accessdate=26 October 2007 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071023024409/http://www.motorbase.com/vehicle/by-id/59/ |archivedate=23 October 2007 |url-status = live}}</ref> |- |'''Spider'''/'''Sprint'''||8.5:1||{{convert|115|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5700 rpm||{{convert|110|mph|0|disp=flip|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motorbase.com/vehicle/by-id/57/ |title=Alfa Romeo 2000 Spider |website=motorbase.com/ |accessdate=26 October 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020170638/http://www.motorbase.com/vehicle/by-id/57/ |archivedate=20 October 2007|url-status = live}}</ref> |}

==Production== The four-door Berlina was manufactured by Alfa Romeo itself, while the Spider and Sprint were designed and bodied by independent [[coachbuilder]]s, respectively [[Carrozzeria Touring|Touring]] and [[Gruppo Bertone|Bertone]]. Being expensive but not particularly fast, the 2000 was a slow seller, in particular the ''Berlina'' which was outsold by the Spider. The more powerful 2600 which replaced the 2000 was better able to deal with more refined competitors such as the [[Lancia Flaminia]].

Between 1958 and 1961, [[Vignale]] built a series of coupés, penned by [[Giovanni Michelotti]]. All bore chassis type of 102.02, different from the series production cars. Around 15 cars were made.

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;" ! Model ! Years ! Prod. no.<ref name="Fusi">{{cite book |first=Luigi |last=Fusi |title=Alfa Romeo—Tutte le vetture dal 1910—All cars from 1910 |date=1978 |publisher=Emmeti Grafica editrice |location=[[Milan]] |edition=3rd |pages=539–548}}</ref> |- | '''Berlina''' || 1958–1962 || 2799 |- | '''Spider''' || 1958–1961 || 3443 |- | '''Sprint''' || 1960–1962 || 704 |- | Chassis || || 15 |- | colspan=2 | '''Total 1958–1962''' || {{#EXPR:2799+3443+704+15}} |}

{| class="wikitable" border="1" !Year !1958 !1959 !1960 !1961 !1962 !Sum |- | Berlina |align="right" |319 |align="right" |787 |align="right" |1,074 |align="right" |619 |align="right" |0 |align="right" |2,799 |- |Spider |align="right" |62 |align="right" |1,056 |align="right" |1,930 |align="right" |410 |align="right" |0 |align="right" |(including 15 chassis) 3,458 |- |Sprint |align="right" |0 |align="right" |0 |align="right" |5 |align="right" |651 |align="right" |48 |align="right" |704 |- |'''Sum'''<ref> {{cite book |first=Luigi |last=Fusi |title=Alfa Romeo—Tutte le vetture dal 1910—All cars from 1910 |year=1978 |publisher=Emmeti Grafica editrice |location=[[Milan]] |edition=3rd |pages=860-861}} </ref> |align="right" |'''381 ''' |align="right" |'''1,843''' |align="right" |'''3,009''' |align="right" |'''1,680''' |align="right" |'''48 ''' |align="right" |'''6,961''' |}

{{multiple image | footer = | align = left | image1 = 1960 Alfa Romeo 2000 Berlina front.jpg | width1 = {{#expr: (160 * 2311 / 1398) round 0}} | alt1 = 2000 Berlina front side. | caption1 = 2000 Berlina front side. | image2 = 1960 Alfa Romeo 2000 Berlina rear.jpg | width2 = {{#expr: (160 * 2432 / 1570) round 0}} | alt2 = 2000 Berlina rear side. | caption2 = 2000 Berlina rear side. | image3 = Italian police car, Alfa Romeo.JPG | width3 = {{#expr: (160 * 3648 / 2736) round 0}} | alt3 = 2000 Sprint "Pantera" ([[Polizia di Stato]]). | caption3 = 2000 Sprint "Pantera" ([[Polizia di Stato]]). | image4 = 1959 Alfa Romeo 2000 Spider Touring (US), front left high.jpg | width4 = {{#expr: (160 * 5076 / 3166) round 0}} | caption4 = US-market 2000 Spider; different bonnet scoop arrangement and only a single chrome strip along the flanks. | image5 = 1961 Alfa Romeo Series 102 2000 Spider - red - int2.jpg | caption5 = 1961 Alfa Romeo 2000 Spider interior }} {{clear}}

==FNM 2000== [[File:1968 FNM Alfa Romeo JK 2000.jpg|thumb|left|1968 FNM Alfa Romeo 2000]] The Brazilian variant of the 2000 was produced from 1960 to 1968 by [[Fábrica Nacional de Motores]]. It had the same 1975 cc engine with {{convert|95|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}. The car used the name FNM "JK", JK standing for the president of Brazil [[Juscelino Kubitschek]], the name was later changed to FNM 2000.<ref name="cuorialfisti.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.cuorialfisti.com/Speciali/FNM.htm |title=FNM |website=cuorialfisti.com |language=IT |accessdate=18 May 2007 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070606090806/http://www.cuorialfisti.com/Speciali/FNM.htm |archivedate=6 June 2007  |url-status = live}}</ref>

In 1966 two other models were introduced, the "Onça" coupe and the "2000 TiMB" (Turismo Internazionale Modello Brasile), which produced up to {{convert|160|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="cuorialfisti.com" /> The TiMB had a flat bonnet, coupled with a divided front bumper necessary to accommodate the now lower-mounted Alfa Romeo centre grille. {{clear}}

==FNM 2150== [[File:1971 FNM 2150.jpg|thumb|right|1971 FNM Alfa Romeo 2150 (facelift)]] The FNM 2000 was replaced with FNM 2150 in 1969, it had a bigger engine and revised styling, using the smooth bonnet of the TiMB. For 1971 the 2150 was facelifted, with a more squat version of the traditional Alfa Romeo grille which also allowed for a single-piece front bumper. By 1974 the [[Alfa Romeo Alfetta]]-lookalike [[Alfa Romeo 2300|FNM Alfa Romeo 2300]] "Rio" replaced the 2150. This version was still based on the older [[Alfa Romeo 1900]], despite looking like the more modern Alfetta.<ref name="xs4all.nl">{{cite web|url=http://www.xs4all.nl/~chris/rio.htm|title=The Alfa Romeo Rio, or Alfa Romeo 2300|website=xs4all.nl|accessdate=28 June 2008}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> {{clear}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080119191524/http://www.alfa2600.co.uk/ 2600/2000 International Register] * [http://www.alfa-romeo-club-2000-2600.de/ alfa-romeo-club-2000-2600.de]

[[Category:Alfa Romeo vehicles|2000]] [[Category:FNM vehicles]] [[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]] [[Category:Sedans]] [[Category:Coupés]] [[Category:Roadsters]] [[Category:1960s cars]] [[Category:Cars introduced in 1957]]