{{Short description|Russian liberal politician and economist (born 1960)}} {{Family name hatnote|Leonidovich|Kudrin|lang=Eastern Slavic}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Alexei Kudrin | image = 14-03-2020 Alexei Kudrin.png | office = 4th Chairman of the Accounts Chamber | term_start = 22 May 2018 | term_end = 30 November 2022 | predecessor = Tatyana Golikova | successor = Galina Izotova (acting)<br/>Boris Kovalchuk | office1 = Minister of Finance | prime_minister1 = Mikhail Kasyanov<br>Viktor Khristenko (acting)<br>Mikhail Fradkov<br>Viktor Zubkov<br>Vladimir Putin | term_start1 = 18 May 2000 | term_end1 = 26 September 2011 | predecessor1 = Mikhail Kasyanov | successor1 = Anton Siluanov | office2 = Deputy Prime Minister of Russia | term_start2 = 18 May 2000&nbsp;– 9 March 2004 <br/> 24 September 2007 | term_end2 = 26 September 2011 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|10|12|df=y}} | birth_place = Dobele, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union (now Latvia) | death_date = | death_place = | party = Independent | other_party = Civil Initiatives Committee (2012–) | alma_mater = Leningrad State University<br>Russian Academy of Sciences | signature = Alexei Kudrin’s signature.svg | native_name = {{nobold|Алексей Кудрин}} | native_name_lang = ru | caption = Kudrin in 2020 }}

'''Alexei Leonidovich Kudrin''' ({{lang-rus|Алексе́й Леони́дович Ку́дрин|p=ɐlʲɪkˈsʲej lʲɪɐˈnʲidəvʲɪtɕ ˈkudrʲɪn}}; born 12 October 1960) is a Russian liberal<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia's Putin says values liberal economist Kudrin in expert council|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-putin-kudrin-idUSR4N16B00L|work=Reuters|date=14 April 2016|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> politician and economist. Previously he served as the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber from 2018 to 2022 and as Minister of Finance from 2000 to 2011. Since 9 December 2022, he has been a corporate development advisor at Yandex.<ref>{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/231780|title=Экс-глава счётной палаты Алексей Кудрин приступил к работе в «Яндексе»|website=newtimes.ru|date=2022-12-09|access-date=}}</ref>

After graduating with degrees in finance and economics, Kudrin worked in the administration of Saint Petersburg's liberal Mayor Anatoly Sobchak. In 1996, he started working in the Presidential Administration of Boris Yeltsin. He was appointed as Finance Minister on 28 May 2000 and held the post for 11 years, making him the longest-serving Finance Minister in post-Soviet Russia up to that point. In addition, he was Deputy Prime Minister from 2000 to 2004 and again beginning in 2007. As Finance Minister, Kudrin was widely credited with prudent fiscal management, commitment to tax and budget reform and championing the free market.

Under Kudrin, Russia's government paid most of the substantial foreign debt it had accumulated in the 1990s,{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} leaving the country with one of the lowest foreign debts among major economies.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html Debt – external] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317104350/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html |date=17 March 2019 }}, CIA World Factbook. Accessed on 22 May 2010.</ref> Much of the revenue from exports was accumulated at the Stabilization Fund which helped Russia to come out of the 2008 financial crisis in a much better state than many experts expected.<ref name="euromoney">{{cite news|url=http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2683869/Kudrin-and-Fischer-honoured-by-Euromoney-at-IMFWorld.html|title=Kudrin and Fischer honoured by Euromoney and IMF/World Bank meetings in Washington|publisher=Euromoney|access-date=4 March 2011|archive-date=28 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428160206/http://www.euromoney.com/Article/2683869/Kudrin-and-Fischer-honoured-by-Euromoney-at-IMFWorld.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> During his career, Kudrin has won several awards, including the "Finance Minister of the Year 2010" prize from ''Euromoney'' magazine. He was asked to resign from his position on 26 September 2011 by President Dmitry Medvedev.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/26/alexei-kudrin-leaves-russian-government |title=Alexei Kudrin leaves Russian government after Medvedev row |work=The Guardian |author=Miriam Elder |date=26 September 2011}}</ref><ref name="reuters">{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-59554720110926 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306214645/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-59554720110926 |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 March 2016 |title=Russian Finance Minister Kudrin ousted in power struggle |publisher=Reuters |author=Alexei Anishchuk |date=26 September 2011}}</ref><ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/27/world/europe/dmitri-medvedev-fires-aleksei-kudrin-russian-finance-minister.html |title=Russian President Fires Finance Minister for Insubordination |work=The New York Times |author=Michael Schwirtz |date=26 September 2011}}</ref>

From 2011 to 2022, he was the dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences in St. Petersburg State University.<ref>[http://2012.forumspb.com/bfx-cc/system/uploads/program_list_attr/program_file_en/1/program_view_eng200617.pdf 2012 St. Petersburg Forum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127041757/http://2012.forumspb.com/bfx-cc/system/uploads/program_list_attr/program_file_en/1/program_view_eng200617.pdf |date=27 November 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/05/30/71371802/|title=Факультет свободных искусств СПбГУ остался без декана. Кудрин не стал участвовать в выборах|website=www.fontanka.ru|date=2022-05-30}}</ref> As of 2016, he is co-chairman of the board of trustees of the Mariinsky Theatre,<sup>[[#cite note-25|[25]]]</sup> and the chairman of the board of trustees of the foundation of the European University at St. Petersburg.<sup>[[#cite note-26|[26]]]</sup>

He has the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.<ref>{{cite act|type=Decree|index=1613|date=3 December 1996|legislature=President of Russia|title=О присвоении квалификационных разрядов федеральным государственным служащим Администрации Президента Российской Федерации|language=ru|url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?searchres=&bpas=cd00000&a3=102000503&a3type=1&a3value=&a6=102000070&a6type=1&a6value=&a15=&a15type=1&a15value=&a7type=1&a7from=&a7to=&a7date=03.12.1996&a8=1613&a8type=1&a1=&a0=&a16=&a16type=1&a16value=&a17=&a17type=1&a17value=&a4=&a4type=1&a4value=&a23=&a23type=1&a23value=&textpres=&sort=7&x=59&y=12}}</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Early life and education === Alexei Kudrin was born on 12 October 1960 in Dobele, Latvian SSR to Russian father and Latvian mother.<ref name="minfin_bio">{{cite web|url=http://www1.minfin.ru/en/orgstr/management/?id4=47|title=Alexei Leonidovich Kudrin|publisher=Ministry of Finance|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214105446/http://www1.minfin.ru/en/orgstr/management/?id4=47|archive-date=14 February 2010}}</ref> His first job was a motor mechanic and training assistant at the engine laboratory of the Academy of Procurement and Transportation of the Defense Ministry of the Soviet Union, before entering Leningrad State University to study economy. He graduated in 1983, and got an internship at the Leningrad Institute of Social and Economic Problems. In December 1985, he entered the internal postgraduate school at the Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, where he later received his PhD.<ref name="minfin_bio"/> He then worked as a researcher at the Institute of Social and Economic Problems of the Academy of Sciences.<ref name="gov_bio"/> Kudrin has authored over 15 scientific works in the fields economics and finance,<ref name="minfin_bio"/> including topics such as competition and anti-monopoly policy in the Soviet economy of the transition period.<ref name="gov_bio">{{cite web|url=http://government.ru/eng/persons/7/|title=Alexei Kudrin|publisher=Government.ru|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126045452/http://government.ru/eng/persons/7/|archive-date=26 November 2010}}</ref>

=== Saint Petersburg administration === From 1990 to 1996, Kudrin worked in the Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg City Administration under the liberal mayor and reformer Anatoly Sobchak. His first position was vice chairman of the Committee for Economic Reform. Until 1993, he worked in various financial positions in the city administration, before he was promoted to deputy mayor, in which position he served from 1993 to 1996.<ref name="minfin_bio"/> Future president Vladimir Putin was the other top deputy mayor of Saint Petersburg at the time.<ref name="mt_besieged">{{cite news|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/kudrin-besieged-ivanov-on-rise/257343.html|title=Kudrin Besieged, Ivanov On Rise|last1=Borisova|first1=Yevgenia|publisher=The Moscow Times|date=21 November 2000}}</ref> Kudrin was also chairman of the City Administration's Economic and Finance Committee.<ref name="minfin_bio"/>

=== Presidential administration === In August 1996, Kudrin was appointed deputy chief of Boris Yeltsin's presidential administration, as well as chief of the Administration on Trade, Economic and Scientific-Technological Cooperation. In March 1997, he became first deputy finance minister, and on 28 May 2000, he was appointed finance minister by the new president Vladimir Putin.<ref name="minfin_bio"/><ref name="rp_bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.russiaprofile.org/resources/whoiswho/alphabet/K/kudrin.wbp|title=KUDRIN, Alexei Leonidovich|publisher=Russia Profile|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051102105018/http://www.russiaprofile.org/resources/whoiswho/alphabet/K/kudrin.wbp|archive-date=2 November 2005}}</ref> In addition to his role as finance minister, Kudrin served as one of the deputy prime ministers of Russia from 2000 to 2004 and again beginning in September 2007.<ref name="minfin_bio"/>

== Finance minister == thumb|right|Dmitry Kozak, Alexei Kudrin and Mikhail Kasyanov in 2003 Kudrin served as finance minister from May 2000 to September 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kudrin resigns as finance minister |url=http://themoscownews.com/news/20110926/189070293.html |access-date=25 August 2013 |newspaper=The Moscow Times |date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228111408/http://themoscownews.com/news/20110926/189070293.html |archive-date=28 February 2014 }}</ref> Kudrin belongs to the group of so-called "St Petersburg economists"—liberal reformers who worked with Putin during his time in the St Petersburg administration—one of the three main informal groups during Putin's presidency.<ref name="willerton">{{cite book|last=Willerton|first=John|title=Developments in Russian Politics|editor=White |editor2=Gitelman |editor3=Sakwa|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2005|volume=6|chapter=Putin and the Hegemonic Presidency|isbn=0-8223-3522-0}}</ref> John P. Willerton regards Kudrin and Herman Gref as the leading intellectual forces in crafting of the economic policies of the Putin and Medvedev presidencies.<ref name="willerton2">{{cite book|last=Willerton|first=John|title=Developments in Russian Politics|editor1-first=Stephen |editor1-last=White|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2010|volume=7|chapter=Semi-presidentialism and the evolving executive|isbn= 9780230224490}}</ref> According to Simon Pirani, Kudrin balanced the influence of the siloviki in the government with a financial sobriety.<ref name="pirani"/>

=== Prudent fiscal management === thumb|right|Kudrin meeting with President Dmitry Medvedev on 27 May 2008 During Putin's presidency, Russia's macroeconomic policies were highly prudent, and extra income from oil exports was put in stabilization funds.<ref name="hanson"/> The Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation is widely regarded as Kudrin's idea. Alexander Osin, chief economist at Finam Management, regards the Stabilization Fund as one of Kudrin's main achievements.<ref name="rp_kononova"/> However, other analysts have described The Stabilization Fund as "dead money", which doesn't benefit the real economy.<ref name="rp_kononova"/> The Stabilization Fund was split into the Reserve Fund and National Welfare Fund in February 2008.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

In 2005, Kudrin and Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov clashed over a proposal to cut VAT tax from 18% to 13%. Fradkov supported the proposal, but Kudrin argued that lower VAT could endanger stability of the ruble and would cause the government to withdraw money from the stabilization fund.<ref name="mt_prevails">{{cite news|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/kudrin-prevails-over-fradkov-in-vat-spat/224640.html|title=Kudrin Prevails Over Fradkov in VAT Spat |work=The Moscow Times|date=14 March 2005}}</ref> The same year, Kudrin received the "Finance Minister of the Year 2005" award by the Banker magazine.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}}

On 21 August 2006, Russia paid its debts, totalling $23.7 billion to the Paris Club. Simon Pirani, writing for ''Emerging Markets'', praised Kudrin's refusal to be "blown off course by other ministers' whims" in his quest to repay the debt. He also credited Kudrin with sound conduct of the ruble exchange rate and capable fiscal management that has arguably helped to prevent the most serious problems of the so-called Dutch disease.<ref name="pirani">{{cite news|url=http://www.emergingmarkets.org/Article/1079709/Search/Results/Finance-Minister-of-the-year-Europe.html?Keywords=kudrin|title=Finance Minister of the year, Europe|publisher=EmergingMarket|last1=Pirani|first1=Simon|date=19 September 2006|archive-date=13 December 2019|access-date=26 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213013008/http://www.emergingmarkets.org/Article/1079709/Search/Results/Finance-Minister-of-the-year-Europe.html?Keywords=kudrin|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2006, Kudrin received the award "Best Finance Minister of a Developing European Country" by the Emerging Markets newspaper, published by the IMF and the World Bank.<ref name="rp_kononova">{{cite web|url=http://www.russiaprofile.org/page.php?pageid=Business&articleid=a1287423765|title=Cracking the Piggy Bank|last1=Kononova|first1=Svetlana|publisher=Russia Profile|date=18 October 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101103231728/http://www.russiaprofile.org/page.php?pageid=Business&articleid=a1287423765|archive-date=3 November 2010}}</ref>

As the father and supporter of the prudent fiscal management policies, Kudrin had to endure strong criticism from other members of the government, who believed the money should instead be invested in the country's development. In the end, Kudrin's stance prevailed.<ref name=bogetic>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241757140_Russia%27s_Financial_Crisis_Causes_Consequences_and_Prospects Russia’s Financial Crisis: Causes, Consequences and Prospects] January 2009 - Zeljko Bogetic at World Bank</ref> The savings later proved crucial in helping Russia to come out of the 2008 financial crisis in a much better state than many experts had expected,<ref name="euromoney"/> and Kudrin was widely credited for his policies.<ref name="hanson">{{cite book|last1=Hanson|first1=Philip |editor1-first=Stephen|editor1-last=White |title=Developments in Russian Politics 7|year=2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=978-0-230-22449-0 |chapter=Managing the Economy}}</ref><ref name=barannik>Barannik, Dasha. (2010). "[https://repository.upenn.edu/uhf_2010/3 In Search of 'The Russian Path': Impact of the 2008 Crisis on Russia's Economic Policy]." 2009-2010 Penn Humanities Forum on Connections.</ref><ref name="hanson2">[https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Russia%20and%20Eurasia/0113pr_hansonteague.pdf] Liberal Insiders and Economic Reform in Russia] Philip Hanson and Elizabeth Teague January 2013</ref>

Still, the Putin-Kudrin relationship was not all smooth sailing. For example, in September 2007 Kudrin was almost fired but in the end was kept on in Viktor Zubkov's Cabinet.<ref name="gb07">{{cite news |last1=Bryanski |first1=Gleb |title=Russia's Kudrin quits Putin tour as media abuzz |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-russia-government-changes-idUKL222224620070922 |publisher=Reuters |date=22 September 2007}}</ref>

Early in the Putin years, Kudrin was appointed chair of the state-owned diamond concern, Alrosa.<ref name=gb07/>

=== Other policy stances === Although he has often spoken in favour of privatisation and lessening the state role in economy, Kudrin also supported the creation of the so-called national champions.<ref name="pirani"/> Kudrin has said that the state's role in the oil industry should not be increased, and has indicated that the purchase of Sibneft by Gazprom and the merger of some former Yukos assets to state-controlled oil company Rosneft were taken at a particular stage of the restructuring of the sector. According to Kudrin, "no-one regards state ownership of such assets as an end in itself" and "we are not going to see a continuous strengthening of the state’s position."<ref name="pirani2">{{cite news|url=http://www.emergingmarkets.org/Article/1048040/Search/Results/Kudrin-battles-hard-for-reform.html?Keywords=kudrin|title=Kudrin battles hard for reform|last1=Pirani|first1=Simon|publisher=Emerging Markets|date=20 July 2006}}</ref>

As Finance Minister, Kudrin has also supported increasing the retirement age and cutting down on bureaucracy. For his policies, he has often been the target of criticism, especially from the United Russia party, which he has refused to join.<ref name="rp_kononova"/> According to Renaissance Capital, Kudrin's poll ratings are not favourable as he is seen as responsible for some highly criticized welfare reforms, although economic experts say that the reforms proved to be highly effective.<ref name="rc">{{cite web|url=http://research.rencap.com/eng/government/government_detail28.asp|title=Alexei Kudrin|publisher=Renaissance Capital|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061101190532/http://research.rencap.com/eng/government/government_detail28.asp|archive-date=1 November 2006}}</ref>

=== The Great Recession and its aftermath === In the aftermath of the late 2000s global economic crisis, Russia's state budget went into deficit for the first time in years. Kudrin has said that the projected budget deficit is to total 3.6% in 2011, 3.1% in 2012 and 2.9% in 2013. The deficit will be covered primarily through expanded market borrowing.<ref name="budget2011speech"/> Russia conducted its first international debt sale since 1998 in April 2010, raising $5.5bn on the international markets.<ref name="bbc_rozhnov"/> According to Kudrin, the government's aim is to attain a deficit-free budget by 2015, based on projected $75–78 oil prices per barrel.<ref name="budget2011speech">{{cite web|url=http://government.ru/eng/docs/12649/|title=Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance Alexei Kudrin addresses State Duma in connection with submitting the federal budget for 2011 and the 2012-2013 planning period|publisher=Government|date=20 October 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724164448/http://government.ru/eng/docs/12649/|archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref> Kudrin has said that the Reserve Fund, accumulated before the crisis, will run out in 2011. Consequently, Kudrin warned that Russia will soon have to adjust to being a country, just "like everyone else" and called for a more effective use of state funds.<ref name="bbc_rozhnov">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10132247|title=Russia looks beyond its oil reserves|last1=Rozhnov|first1=Konstantin|work=BBC News|date=10 May 2010}}</ref>

=== Finance Minister of the Year 2010 === In October 2010, Kudrin was declared "Finance Minister of the Year 2010" by the ''Euromoney'' magazine. The magazine said that "Kudrin is rightly hailed as a fiscal manager of the highest order" and praised his "championing of the free market and fiscal prudence". According to ''Euromoney'', the Stabilization Fund created and supported by Kudrin also "enabled Russia to pay off its foreign debt early", and noted that "Kudrin is rightly praised for his commitment to tax and budget reform, Russia’s desire to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) and continuing the progress in privatization."<ref name="rp_kononova"/>

In the award ceremony, Kudrin said: "Russia has already learnt this lesson; it was able to prepare and pass through this period. In this context, this is a result. And when you see your result, you feel satisfied. And when the result is praised by the professional community, it is especially important."<ref name="rp_kononova"/>

== Back to academia == Since his retirement from September 2011 to May 2022, Kudrin has been the Dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences of St. Petersburg University. As of 2016, he is co-chairman of the board of trustees of the Mariinsky Theatre,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://gergiev-charity.com/eng/partners/| title =Our Partners, Valery Gergiev Charitable Foundation| access-date = 11 September 2016}}</ref> and the chairman of the foundation of the board of trustees of the European University at St. Petersburg.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://eu.spb.ru/en/eusp-fund| title = EUSP Fund About Us| work=European University at St. Petersburg| access-date = 11 September 2016}}</ref>

===Political activities=== Kurdrin is the head of the Civil Initiatives Committee, a Non Governmental Organization which promotes Human Right and development of Civil society in Russia. At the opening of the All-Russian Civil Forum, organized by his Committee, Kudrin said the Law on non-governmental organizations - "foreign agents" should be abolished or completely reworded.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/708695| title =Law on NGO - foreign agents should not exist - Alexei Kudrin| work =ITAR Tass| access-date = 23 November 2013}}</ref>

===2014 sanctions=== Kudrin said in November 2014 that "Formal and informal sanctions have already seriously impacted the Russian economy. Bringing back the previous opportunities when it comes to foreign investment and trust in the rouble can be achieved only within seven to 10 years of growth of our economy."<ref>"[http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/former-russian-finance-minister-alexei-kudrin-warns-putin-over-populist-policies-1475920 Former Russian Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin Warns Putin Over 'Populist' Policies]". ''International Business Times''. 21 November 2014.</ref>

==Speculation on future roles== During his 2012 presidential campaign, businessman Mikhail Prokhorov said he would appoint Kudrin as Prime Minister, but, Prokhorov lost the election.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/prokhorov_lays_out_presidential_election_platform/24458038.html |title=Prokhorov Says He's No 'Kremlin Stooge,' Lays Out Campaign Platform |date=20 January 2012 |website=www.rferl |publisher=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |access-date=27 July 2019 }}</ref>

===2018 presidential campaign speculation=== On 18 June 2015, Kudrin proposed to hold snap presidential elections. He justified this need for global reform and cited the example of the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev, who did just that. State Duma deputy from the party A Just Russia Mikhail Emelyanov considered this statement Kudrin's entry into the presidential race. The next day, Kudrin said that he is not going to run for the presidency. However, many experts continued to believe that Kudrin wants to return to the Federal Government, and even take the place of the Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://kommersant.ru/doc/2750769|title=Алексей Кудрин не идет в президенты|newspaper=Kommersant|date=19 June 2015|language=ru|access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref>

==Chairman of the Accounts Chamber== [[File:Alexey Kudrin in the State Duma 2018-05-22.jpg|thumb|275px|Kudrin at his confirmation hearing in the State Duma on 22 May 2018]] thumb|275px|Kudrin during the inauguration of the President of the INTOSAI After the 2018 Russian presidential election during the formation of the new government, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev nominated Chairwoman of the Accounts Chamber Tatyana Golikova as Deputy Prime Minister.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ria.ru/politics/20180507/1520072692.html|title=Медведев предложил кандидатов в новый состав правительства|work=РИА Новости|access-date=7 May 2018|language=ru}}</ref> On 10 May, the United Russia party proposed to nominate Kudrin to post of chairman of the Accounts Chamber, instead of Golikova.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://vz.ru/news/2018/5/10/922081.html|title=Кудрину предложили важный пост|work=Взгляд|access-date=14 May 2018|language=ru}}</ref> This was the most anticipated nomination, as pundits observed that Kudrin's role in the new government would set the degree of reformative policies under Putin's fourth term. The low-importance of the position led some observers to speculate that this development signals that the new government has no sizable plans for economic reforms. On 11 May, the party leader Dmitry Medvedev agreed on the candidacy of Kudrin with the parliamentary faction.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.1tv.ru/news/2018-05-11/345354-kandidaturu_alekseya_kudrina_na_dolzhnost_glavy_schetnoy_palaty_soglasovali_v_partii_edinaya_rossiya|title=Кандидатуру Алексея Кудрина на должность главы Счетной палаты согласовали в партии "Единая Россия"|work=Первый Канал|access-date=14 May 2018|language=ru}}</ref> On 14 May, at a meeting with the Presidium of the faction, Kudrin officially agreed to nominate his candidacy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ria.ru/politics/20180514/1520494686.html|title=Кудрин согласился возглавить Счетную палату|work=Первый Канал|access-date=14 May 2018|language=ru}}</ref> According to Russian legislation, the State Duma nominates at least three candidates for the post of chairman of the Accounts Chamber, one of whom the President submits to the State Duma for approval.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_144621/e2b2074feb9fafb4eef3b463a104da297ecc8c83/|title=Федеральный закон от 05.04.2013 "О Счетной палате Российской Федерации" Статья 7. Председатель Счетной палаты|work=КонсультантПлюс|access-date=14 May 2018|language=ru}}</ref> In addition to Kudrin, Anatoly Aksakov from A Just Russia, Yury Sinelshchikov from the Communist Party and Maxim Rokhmistrov from the Liberal Democratic Party also was nominated for this post.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://iz.ru/744434/2018-05-17/kreml-poluchil-predlozheniia-po-kandidatam-na-post-glavy-schetnoi-palaty|title=Кремль получил предложения по кандидатам на пост главы Счетной палаты|work=Коммерсант|access-date=17 May 2018|language=ru}}</ref> On 21 May, Vladimir Putin nominated Kudrin for the chairman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.interfax.ru/russia/613548|title=Путин внес в Госдуму кандидатуру Кудрина для назначения главой Счетной палаты|work=Интерфакс|access-date=22 May 2018|language=ru}}</ref> On 22 May, State Duma approved Kudrin in office, with 264 votes in favor.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://rg.ru/2018/05/22/gosduma-utverdila-kudrina-v-dolzhnosti-predsedatelia-schetnoj-palaty.html|title=Алексей Кудрин утвержден в должности председателя Счетной палаты|work=rg.ru|access-date=22 May 2018|language=ru}}</ref> On the same day, the speaker of the State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin introduced Kudrin to the members of the Accounts Chamber.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tass.ru/pmef-2018/articles/5222520|title=Володин представил Кудрина коллективу Счетной палаты|work=ТАСС|access-date=22 May 2018|language=ru}}</ref>

On 25 September 2019, Russia took over the presidency of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions, and Kudrin took over as president of the organization.<ref>[https://ria.ru/20190912/1558618065.html Кудрин 25 сентября станет президентом ИНТОСАИ на три года]</ref>

On 29 November 2022, Alexei Kudrin announced his intention to resign as chairman of the Accounts Chamber in order to work in the private sector.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/29/11/2022/6385ad8f9a7947055fe8391c|title=Кудрин заявил о планах работать в «больших проектах» с частным бизнесом|work=РБК|access-date=30 November 2022|language=ru}}</ref> On the same day, President Putin submitted to the Federation Council a submission on the dismissal of Kudrin from office.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rbc.ru/economics/29/11/2022/6385a4be9a7947012473e528|title=Путин подал в Совфед представление об отставке К��дрина из Счетной палаты|work=РБК|access-date=30 November 2022|language=ru}}</ref>

On 30 November 2022, the Federation Council dismissed Alexei Kudrin from the post of head of the Accounting Chamber.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rbc.ru/politics/30/11/2022/6387072d9a794773a655357f|title=Совфед освободил Кудрина с поста главы Счетной палаты|work=РБК|access-date=30 November 2022|language=ru}}</ref>

==Kudrin and Yandex== In September 2022, the media learned about the offer that Kudrin was made by the founder of Yandex, Arkady Volozh. He offered the head of the Accounts Chamber 5% of the company for help in dividing it into two parts. Volozh plans to separate the business of unmanned vehicles into a separate structure and develop it in Europe. The rest of Yandex will remain in Russia. There were also rumors that Kudrin was offered a leadership position in the Russian part of Yandex.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.ru/tekhnologii/477901-voloz-predlozil-alekseu-kudrinu-5-andeksa-za-pomos-v-razdelenii-aktivov|title=Волож предложил Алексею Кудрину 5% «Яндекса» за помощь в разделении активов|language=ru|date=2022-09-23|website=forbes.ru}}</ref> At the end of September, Pavel Demidov, a longtime employee of Kudrin, moved from the Accounts Chamber to Yandex to the position of GR manager.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/29/09/2022/633546f89a794762f69d0f0c|title=Многолетний сотрудник Кудрина стал новым руководителем GR «Яндекса»|language=ru|date=2022-09-29|website=rbc.ru}}</ref> In November 2022, Putin asked the Federation Council to dismiss Kudrin from his position as head of the Accounts Chamber. The Federation Council will hold a vote on November 30.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Putin asks Federation Council to remove Alexey Kudrin as Audit Chamber head. Sources say he's transferring to Yandex. |url=https://meduza.io/en/news/2022/11/29/putin-asks-federation-council-to-remove-alexey-kudrin-as-audit-chamber-head-meduza-s-sources-say-he-s-transferring-to-yandex |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Meduza |language=en}}</ref> On December 9, 2022, Kudrin started working at Yandex as a Corporate Development Advisor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/economy/1545773|title=Kudrin accepts Yandex's corporate leadership position offer|website=tass.com|date=2022-12-05}}</ref> Kudrin was sanctioned by the OFAC for operating in the technology sector of the Russian Federation economy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Imposing Additional Sanctions on Those Supporting Russia's War Against Ukraine |url=https://www.state.gov/imposing-additional-sanctions-on-those-supporting-russias-war-against-ukraine/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=United States Department of State |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life== Alex Kudrin was married to a Moroccan woman, and they had a daughter together. His wife has passed away. His hobbies include tennis, swimming and music.<ref name="minfin_bio"/><ref name="rp_bio"/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category}}

{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=Mikhail Kasyanov}} {{s-ttl|title=Minister of Finance|years=2000–2011}} {{s-aft|after=Anton Siluanov}} {{s-gov}} {{s-bef|before=Tatyana Golikova}} {{s-ttl|title=Chairman of the Accounts Chamber|years=2018–present}} {{s-aft|after=Incumbent}} {{s-end}}

{{Finance ministers of Russia}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kudrin, Alexei}} Category:1960 births Category:1st class Active State Councillors of the Russian Federation Category:Soviet economists Category:20th-century Russian economists Category:21st-century Russian economists Category:Finance ministers of Russia Category:Deputy heads of government of the Russian Federation Category:Russian liberal politicians Category:Union of Right Forces politicians Category:Living people Category:People from Dobele Category:Russian people of Latvian descent Category:Saint Petersburg State University alumni Category:Academic staff of Saint Petersburg State University Category:Academic staff of the Higher School of Economics Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 3rd class Category:Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class Category:Grand Officers of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Category:Recipients of the Stolypin Medal, 1st class Category:Recipients of the Stolypin Medal, 2nd class