{{confused|Alexander Pavlovich Chudakov}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Aleksandr Chudakov | native_name = {{nobold|Александр Чудаков}} | native_name_lang = ru | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date|1921|06|16|df=y}} | birth_place = Russia | death_date = {{death date and age|2001|1|25|1921|06|16|df=y}} | death_place = Moscow, Russia | field = Physicist | work_institution = Moscow State University<br>Chairman of the IUPAP Cosmic Ray Commission | alma_mater = Moscow State University | doctoral_advisor = S. N. Nernov | doctoral_students = | known_for = Chudakov effect | author_abbreviation_bot = | author_abbreviation_zoo = | prizes = | footnotes = }}
'''Aleksandr Evgenievich Chudakov''' (16 June 1921 – 25 January 2001) was a Soviet Russian physicist in the field of cosmic-ray physics, known for ''Chudakov Effect'', the effect of decreasing ionization losses for narrow electron-positron pairs and for experimentally confirming existence of the transition radiation.<ref name="ach"> {{cite web| url = http://lib-docs.web.cern.ch/lib-docs/Archives/biographies/Chudakov_A-200104.pdf | publisher= Who's who at CERN | title= Aleksandr Chudakov | accessdate=2008-07-26 }}</ref> He was also the chairman of the IUPAP Cosmic Ray Commission.
==Biography and scientific career== Aleksandr Chudakov was born on 16 June 1921, and graduated from Moscow State University (MSU) in 1948 .<ref name="iu">{{cite web |url = http://www.iupap.org/commissions/c4/cosnews/cosnews45.html |publisher = International Union of Pure and Applied Physics |title = Cosmic Ray News Bulletin |accessdate = 2008-07-26 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081120031609/http://www.iupap.org/commissions/c4/cosnews/cosnews45.html |archive-date = 20 November 2008 |url-status = dead }}</ref> In 1953, his experimental confirmation of the existence of the transition radiation, which was predicted by Ginzburg and Ilya Frank in 1945, and the effect of decreasing ionization losses for narrow electron-positron pairs, known as the ''Chudakov Effect'', are among Chudakov's famous works. Phenomena similar to Chudakov Effect have been observed in quantum chromodynamics also.
Chudakov was the author of series of experiments carried out in the 1950s, which focused on investigation of the cosmic rays outside of the atmosphere with rockets and first satellites. As a result, during the third Soviet sputnik, he discovered the Earth's radiation belts in collaboration with Sergei Vernov.<ref name="imt">{{cite web| url = http://lib-docs.web.cern.ch/lib-docs/Archives/biographies/Chudakov_A-200104.pdf | publisher= CERN Scientific Information Service | title= Aleksandr Chudakov | accessdate=2008-07-26 }}</ref>
In 1961, Chudakov and G. T. Zatsepin suggested the air Chernkov method for the gamma-ray astronomy and carried out a pioneering experiment at Katsively, Crimea.<ref name="imt"/>
From the mid-1960s Chudakov headed the design and construction of the Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope, which was put into operation in 1978 and considered to be one of the first large multipurpose facilities for underground physics.<ref name="imt"/> In astroparticle physics the first class results have been obtained with this telescope which is still in operation.<ref name="bs">{{cite web| url = http://www.inr.ac.ru/INR/Welcome.html | publisher= The Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences | title= Baksan Neutrino Observatory | accessdate=2008-07-26 }}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chudakov Aleksandr}} Category:Soviet physicists Category:Moscow State University alumni Category:Academic staff of Moscow State University Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Category:Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Category:1921 births Category:2001 deaths Category:Cosmic ray physicists Category:20th-century Russian scientists Category:People associated with the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics