Alcithoe

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}} {{For|the mythological daughter of Minyas sometimes called Alcithoe |Minyades}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Alcithoe arabica (smooth form).JPG | image_caption = ''Alcithoe arabica'' (smooth form) | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Alcithoe | authority = H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 | synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" /> | synonyms = * ''Alcithoe'' (''Alcithoe'') H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 accepted, alternate representation * ''Alcithoe'' (''Leporemax'') Iredale, 1937 * ''Fulgoraria'' (''Alcithoe'') H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Fulguraria (Alcithoe)'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (superseded combination) * ''Gilvostia'' Iredale, 1937 * ''Leporemax'' Iredale, 1937 * ''Pachymelon'' (''Palomelon'') Finlay, 1926 * ''Palomelon'' Finlay, 1926 * ''Scaphella (Alcithoe)'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (superseded combination) * ''Voluta'' (''Alcithoe'') H. Adams & A. Adams * ''Waihaoia'' (''Palomelon'') Finlay, 1926 | type_species = ''Voluta pacifica'' | type_species_authority = Perry, 1810 }}

'''''Alcithoe''''' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Cymbiinae of the family Volutidae, the volutes.<ref name="WoRMS">Marshall, B. & Bail, P. (2015). "''Alcithoe'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853". In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=382339 on 2016-02-04</ref>

==Description== ''Alcithoe'' are large, benthic neogastropod marine snails.<ref name="Powell 1979">Powell, A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}}</ref> Species are predators, and all taxa undergo direct development.<ref name="Hills 2011">{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01756.x |title=Phylogenetic information of genes, illustrated with mitochondrial data from a genus of gastropod molluscs |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=104 |pages=770–785 |year=2011 |last1=Hills |first1=Simon F. K. |last2=Trewick |first2=Steven A. |last3=Morgan-Richards |first3=Mary |issue=4 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The shell is ovately fusiform. The spire is produced. The apex is papillary. The aperture is ovate and wide. The inner lip shows a spreading callus. The outer lip is dilated and subreflexed.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3782650 Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls]</ref>

==Distribution== Trawled at 20-30 fathoms. ''Alcithoe'' species are found in seas surrounding New Zealand.<ref name="Powell 1979"/><ref name="Hills 2011"/><ref name="Hills 2012">{{cite journal |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0052083 |title=DNA and Morphology Unite Two Species and 10 Million Year Old Fossils |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=7 |issue=12 |article-number=e52083 |year=2012 |last1=Hills |first1=Simon F. K. |last2=Crampton |first2=James S. |last3=Trewick |first3=Steven A. |last4=Morgan-Richards |first4=Mary |pmc=3527379 |pmid=23284880|bibcode=2012PLoSO...752083H |doi-access=free }}</ref> There is a rich fossil record for the genus.<ref name="Beu 1990">Beu, A. G. & Maxwell, P. A. (1990). "Cenozoic Mollusca of New Zealand". ''New Zealand Geological Survey Bulletin''. 58.</ref><ref name="Hills 2012" />

==Species== Species within the genus ''Alcithoe'' include:<ref name="Powell 1979" /><ref name="Beu 1990" /><ref name="WoRMS" /> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * ''Alcithoe aillaudorum''(Ph. Bouchet & G. T. Poppe, 1988) * ''Alcithoe albescens'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) * † ''Alcithoe arabicula'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe bacchanalia'' L. C. King, 1934 * † ''Alcithoe bartrumi'' L. C. King, 1933 * † ''Alcithoe bathgatei'' Finlay, 1926 * ''Alcithoe benthicola'' (Dell, 1963) * † ''Alcithoe brevis'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe bulbus'' (Marwick, 1931) * † ''Alcithoe callaghani'' (L. C. King, 1931) * ''Alcithoe colesae'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * † ''Alcithoe concisa'' Marwick, 1931 * † ''Alcithoe cylindrica'' Marwick, 1926 * ''Alcithoe davegibbsi'' (Hart, 1999) * † ''Alcithoe dilatata'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe dyscrita'' Finlay, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe exigua'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe familiaris'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe finlayi'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe firma'' (Marwick, 1926) * ''Alcithoe fissurata'' (Dell, 1963) * ''Alcithoe flemingi'' Dell, 1978 * ''Alcithoe fusus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) * † ''Alcithoe gatesi'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe gravicostata'' L. C. King, 1931 * † ''Alcithoe haweraensis'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe hurupiensis'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe irregularis'' Marwick, 1926 * ''Alcithoe jaculoides'' Powell, 1924 - synonym: ''Alcithoe calva'' Powell, 1928 * ''Alcithoe larochei'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe lepida'' Marwick, 1926 * ''Alcithoe lutea'' (Watson, 1882) * † ''Alcithoe marlburiana'' L. C. King, 1934 * † ''Alcithoe murdochi'' (Marwick, 1926) * † ''Alcithoe nodulifera'' Laws, 1935 * † ''Alcithoe parva'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe phymatias'' Finlay, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe pinguella'' (Marwick, 1931) * † ''Alcithoe powelli'' (Laws, 1936) * ''Alcithoe pseudolutea'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * † ''Alcithoe regularis'' Finlay, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe renwicki'' (Marwick, 1928) * † ''Alcithoe resolutionis'' C. A. Fleming, 1954 * † ''Alcithoe rugosa'' (Marwick, 1926) * † ''Alcithoe scitula'' Marwick, 1926 * † ''Alcithoe scopi'' Marwick, 1926 * ''Alcithoe seelyeorum'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * † ''Alcithoe solida'' Marwick, 1926 * ''Alcithoe tigrina'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * ''Alcithoe triregensis'' Bail & Limpus, 2005 * † ''Alcithoe turrita'' (Suter, 1917) * † ''Alcithoe uptonensis'' L. C. King, 1934 * †''Alcithoe wangaloaensis'' Stilwell, 2016 * † ''Alcithoe whakinoensis'' Marwick, 1926 * ''Alcithoe wilsonae'' (Powell, 1933) {{div col end}}

==Synonyms== * † ''Alcithoe acuta'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) (junior subjective synonym) * † ''Alcithoe amundseni'' Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992: synonym of † ''Odontocymbiola amundseni'' (Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992) † (superseded combination) * † ''Alcithoe armigera'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of † ''Alcithoe cylindrica'' Marwick, 1926 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Alcithoe calva'' Powell, 1928: synonym of ''Alcithoe jaculoides'' Powell, 1924 * ''Alcithoe chathamensis'' (Dell, 1956): synonym of ''Alcithoe wilsonae'' (Powell, 1933) * † ''Alcithoe compressa'' Marwick, 1926 † synonym of † ''Alcithoe cylindrica'' Marwick, 1926 (junior subjective synonym) * † ''Alcithoe detrita'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) (junior subjective synonym) * ''Alcithoe grahami'' (Powell, 1965): synonym of ''Alcithoe wilsonae'' (Powell, 1933) * ''Alcithoe haurakiensis'' Dell, 1956: synonym of ''Alcithoe fusus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) * ''Alcithoe hedleyi'' (Murdoch & Suter, 1906): synonym of ''Alcithoe fusus'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) * ''Alcithoe johnstoni'' Powell, 1928: synonym of ''Alcithoe jaculoides'' Powell, 1924 * ''Alcithoe knoxi'' (Dell, 1956): synonym of ''Alcithoe wilsonae'' (Powell, 1933)<ref name="Hills 2012" /> * † ''Alcithoe lutea'' Marwick, 1924: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) (junior secondary homonym and synonym) * † ''Alcithoe mackayi'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of ''Alcithoe brevis'' Marwick, 1926 (junior subjective synonym) * ''Alcithoe motutaraensis'' Powell, 1928: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) * † ''Alcithoe oliveri'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of ''Mauira oliveri'' (Marwick, 1926) * ''Alcithoe ostenfeldi'' (Iredale, 1937): synonym of ''Alcithoe larochei ostenfeldi'' (Iredale, 1937) * ''Alcithoe pacifica'' (Perry, 1810): synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Alcithoe swainsoni'' Marwick, 1926: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791) ** ''Alcithoe swainsoni motutarensis'' Powell, 1928: synonym of ''Alcithoe arabica'' (Gmelin, 1791)

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/Taxon/45049 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Taxon: ''Alcithoe'' (Genus)] * [http://www.gns.cri.nz/static/Mollusca/index.html Revised descriptions of New Zealand Cenozoic Mollusca from Beu and Maxwell (1990)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127064452/http://www.gns.cri.nz/static/Mollusca/index.html |date=2021-01-27 }} * [http://www.molluscs.otago.ac.nz/ Checklist of the Recent Mollusca Recorded from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone]

Category:Volutidae Category:Gastropod genera Category:Taxa named by Arthur Adams (zoologist) Category:Taxa named by Henry Adams (zoologist) Category:Alcithoe